中国菝葜属补充与订正

本文涉及百合科菝葜属Smilax 7个分类群：用Smilax longibracteolata J.D.Hook.和S.elegans Wall.ex Kunth分别代替中国植物志第15卷(1978)中由于鉴定错误而使用的〖WTBX〗S.ma ireiH.Lévl.和S.glaucophylla Klotz.S.mairei是一个完全不同的种,应予承认,现根据存于爱丁堡的模式标本予以重新描述。S.pinfae nsis H.Lévl.和nthaC.H.Wright 在中国植物志第15卷中被分别并入S.cocculoides Warb.和S.ferox Wall.ex Kunth,现恢复为独立的种。此外,本文还发表了一个新改级〖WTBX〗S.retroflexa[WTBZ] (Wang et Tang ) S.C.Chen和一个新名称S.munita S.C.Chen,后者用来代替晚出同名S.rigida Wall.ex Kunth。     

中国景天属一些种的订正

本文对国产景天属的6种植物进行了分类订正。归并了7种1亚种和2变种,同时对中国植物志中景天属存疑种Sedum phyllanthum Levl.et Vant.和S.subtile Miq.的范围及其分类地位进行了讨论。根据对S.hsinganicum Chu ex S.H.Fu的模式标本以及S.floriferum Praeger模式标本图和模式产地标本的研究,确认二者所具性状均在S.aizoon L.的性状变异范围内,故予归并。S.onychopetalumFrod.,S.grammophyllum Frod以及S.anhuiense S.H.Fu et X.W.Wang经研究均被作为S.lineareThunb.的异名处理。S.formosanum N.E.Br.在《中国植物志》中被并入S.alfredii Hance,现恢复为独立的种。此外还报道了一个中国新记录种S.hakonense Makino。     

Development of a multiplex PCR for the identification of Staphylococcus genus and four staphylococcal species isolated from food

AIMS: To develop a multiplex PCR that allows the identification of bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus and in particular to the species Staphylococcus xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolated from food manufacturing plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five primer pairs were used in the multiplex PCR, one specific to the Staphylococcus genus and four specific to S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis and S. aureus species. All the 31 Staphylococcus reference strains yielded a specific PCR product with the genus-specific primers. Staphylococcus xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis and S. aureus gave a specific PCR fragment with the corresponding species-specific primers. No amplification with the Kocuria, Macrococcus and Micrococcus strains was observed in our conditions. This multiplex PCR was performed on 30 strains of Gram-positive cocci isolated from different workshops and fermented sausages. Among them, 28 belonged to the Staphylococcus genus and 14 were identified to S. saprophyticus, four to S. xylosus, two to S. aureus and one to S. epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: This multiplex PCR provided reliable and repeatable PCR results. It allowed the identification of a major part of the isolates, highlighting the predominance of the S. saprophyticus species in the workshops studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This tool is a useful way to screen the strains isolated from foodstuff and food environment and to monitor these species during the food processing.     

互花米草、狐米草和大绳草茎秆的比较解剖观察

互花米草、狐米草和大绳草的表皮均由长细胞、短细胞(栓质细胞和硅质细胞)、盐腺和气孔器组成。它们成纵行交互排列。盐腺的结构与大米草相似,但三个种的盐腺和气孔器的数目不同,尤其以大绳草最多。它们的内部结构是由气道、不同大小的维管束、基本组织以及厚壁组织组成。然而,维管束的数目及厚壁组织的发育各不相同。狐米草和大绳草有高度木质化的厚壁组织细胞,而互花米草的厚壁组织木质化较弱。大绳草的维管束多于其他两种。     

中国匍柄霉属分类研究Ⅲ：生于数科植物上的四个新种

报道匍柄霉属的四个新种：播娘蒿匍柄霉Stemphylium descurainiae、绣球匍柄霉Stemphylium hydrangeae、豌豆匍柄霉Stemphylium pisi和塔形匍柄霉Stemphylium turriforme。研究过的标本（干制培养物）及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）。     

螺序草属三新种

本文发表了螺序草属三新种, 即粘毛螺序草Spiradiclis tomentosa, 糙边螺序草S.scabrida, 锈茎螺序草S.ferruginea.     

中国匍柄霉属分类研究 Ⅲ：生于数科植物上的四个新种

报道匍柄霉属的四个新种:播娘蒿匍柄霉Stemphylium descurainiae、绣球匍柄霉Stemphylium hydrangeae、豌豆匍柄霉Stemphylium pisi和塔形匍柄霉Stemphylium turriforme。研究过的标本(干制培养物)及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

中国匍柄霉研究Ⅱ一新种及四个中国新记录

报道匍柄霉属的一新种亚小球匍柄霉Stemphyliums subglobuliferum和四个中国新记录,小球匍柄霉、蔷薇匍柄霉、名张匍柄霉和番茄匍柄霉。新种除形态学研究外,分析了其与本属和其它相关属种的ITS和gpd（三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶）基因序列的系统学关系,为新种的确立提供了分子证据。新种的模式标本（HSAUPⅢ0140）保存于山东农业大学植物病理系标本馆。     

中国球粉衣属地衣

球粉衣属地衣主要分布在南半球,某些种分布于热带至亚热带。中国的球粉衣属地衣只在台湾有过记载,作者对云南、贵州、湖南的有关标本进行了形态与化学研究,并与来自澳大利亚的有关标本进行了比较,首次报道中国大陆球粉衣属的三个种:二型球粉衣,台湾球粉衣和黑果球粉衣。所有三个种均出现在云南,湖南只有黑果球粉衣,贵州只有台湾球粉衣。对这三个种的形态和化学中的某些问题进行了讨论,并根据文献资料提供了它们的世界分布。     

New Taxa of Salix L. from West China

Two new species and one new variety of Salix L. from western China, namcl. S. ludingensis T. Y. Ding et C. F. Fang, S. neoamnematchinensis T. Y. Ding et C. F. Fang, and S. taoensis Gorz var. leiocarpa T. Y. Ding et C. F.Fang, are reported in this paper.     

黄土高原的VA菌根真菌Ⅳ.

红色盾巨孢囊霉（S.erythropa）和珊瑚囊盾巨孢囊霉（S.coralloidea）为中国新记录种。考察过的样片保存在山西农科院棉花研究所。     

中国紫盘菌属志略(英文)

紫盘菌属Smardaea是Svrcek(1969)在Ascobolus amethystinusPhill.基础上建立的。其主要特征为:子囊非淀粉质,孢子椭圆形,具纹饰,囊盘被组织明显紫色,2层,内层交错丝组织型,外层球胞组织型至角胞组织型。本属成员以前在我国未见报道。作者近年来在研究中国盘菌区系过程中发现本属2个种,一个为紫色紫盘菌S.purpurea Dissing;另一个为新种,命名为小孢紫盘菌S.microspora sp.nov。本新种与本属其它3个种的区别主要在于较小的子囊孢子,低的表面纹饰。     

DIVERSITY IN THE GENUS SKELETONEMA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE). II. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE TAXONOMY OF S. COSTATUM‐LIKE SPECIES WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES1

The morphology of strains of Skeletonema Greville emend Sarno et Zingone was examined in LM, TEM, and SEM and compared with sequence data from nuclear small subunit rDNA and partial large subunit rDNA. Eight distinct entities were identified, of which four were known: S. menzelii Guillard, Carpenter et Reimann; S. pseudocostatum Medlin emend. Zingone et Sarno; S. subsalsum (Cleve) Bethge; and S. tropicum Cleve. The other four species were new: S. dohrnii Sarno et Kooistra sp. nov., S. grethae Zingone et Sarno sp. nov., S. japonicum Zingone et Sarno sp. nov., and S. marinoi Sarno et Zingone sp. nov. Skeletonema species fell into four morphologically distinct groups corresponding to four lineages in the small subunit and large subunit trees. Lineage I included S. pseudocostatum, S. tropicum, S. grethae, and S. japonicum. All have external processes of the fultoportulae with narrow tips that connect with those of sibling cells via fork‐, knot‐, or knuckle‐ like junctions. Lineage II included only the solitary species S. menzelii. Lineage III comprised S. dohrnii and S. marinoi. This latter pair have flattened and flared extremities of the processes of the fultoportulae, which interdigitate with those of contiguous valves without forming knots or knuckles. Lineage IV only contained the brackish water species S. subsalsum. Some species also differ in their distribution and seasonal occurrence. These findings challenge the concept of S. costatum as a single cosmopolitan and opportunistic species and calls for reinterpretation of the vast body of research data based on this species.     

嗜热链霉菌质粒的研究

从分属于12个种的28株嗜热链霉菌中检测到热灰紫链霉菌(S.thermogriseoviolaceus)T272带有3个质粒(pST1,pST2,pST3),热藤黄链霉菌(S.thermoluteus)T422带有1个质粒(pST4),经电镜观察得到证实,并按经验公式求得其分子量分别为27、8.3、6.9、25.7kb。实验数据表明,T272与利福平抗性有关的基因可能位于质粒pST1;而pST4可能与rRNA甲基化酶合成有关,推测该酶使T422具有红霉素、螺旋霉素、林可霉素抗性。未发现这些质粒与宿主的高温生长特性有关。     

中国紫盘菌属志略

紫盘菌属Smardaea是Svrcek(1969)在Ascobolus amethystinusPhill.基础上建立的。其主要特征为:子囊非淀粉质,孢子椭圆形,具纹饰,囊盘被组织明显紫色,2层,内层交错丝组织型,外层球胞组织型至角胞组织型。本属成员以前在我国未见报道。作者近年来在研究中国盘菌区系过程中发现本属2个种,一个为紫色紫盘菌S.purpurea Dissing;另一个为新种,命名为小孢紫盘菌S.microspora sp.nov。本新种与本属其它3个种的区别主要在于较小的子囊孢子,低的表面纹饰。     

草珊瑚属两个新变种与海南草珊瑚的比较研究

对广东海南岛、广西、云南产的海南草珊瑚Sarcandra hainanensis(Pei)Swamy et Bailey进行形态学和茎的组织比较研究结果表明,Swamy等描述的海南草珊瑚是一个混杂的种群。本文对海南草珊瑚的描述作了修订,分出两个新变种:屏边草珊瑚S.hainanensis(Pei)Swamy etBailey var.pingbianensis C.Z.Qiao et Q.H.Zhang和陵水草珊瑚S.hainanensis(Pei)Swamy et Bailey var.lingshuinensis C.Z.Qiao et Q.H.Zhang.     

栽培高粱、甜高粱和拟高粱比较基因组原位杂交分析

用一种植物的总基因组DNA与近缘或远缘物种的染色体杂交,可以研究植物近缘或远缘物种基因组进化关系。以拟高粱总基因组DNA为探针,对栽培高粱、甜高粱基因组进行杂交,结果表明栽培高粱、甜高粱和拟高粱基因组中重复序列存在很大的同源性,基因组进化关系表现出保守性。栽培高粱与拟高粱基因组间重复序列的同源性要比甜高粱与拟高粱间重复序列的同源性高。     

Notes of Spirogyra from Guizhou,China

Reported in the present paper are two new species and one new record of Spirogyra. The two new species are Spirogyra subferruginea and S.kweichowensis; the new record for China is Spirogyra brunea Czurda.     

Two New Species of Sanicula L. (Umbelliferae) from China

Two new species of the genus Sanicula (Umbelliferae), S. pengshuiensis Sheh etZ.Y.Liu and S. oviformis X.T.Liu et Z.Y.Liu, are described from Sichuan Province, China.