The Geographical Distribution and Floristic Composition of the Orchids in the Gongga Mountain Region,Sichuan

The Gongga Mountain Region, located on the eastern fringe of QinghaiXizang Plateau and at the north-eastern end of Hengduan Mountains, is one of the well-known large mountain areas in Sichuan Province. There are forty five high peaks with the elavation of 6000 m or over in the area, among which the Gongga Mountain is the highest one, with its summit being at the altitude of 7556 m, whereas the Dadu River Valley in the eastern part of the area is only 1150 m above sea level; The relative height in the region is thus about 6400 m. As we know so far the orchids in Gongga Mountain Region comprise 34 genera and 75 species with 1 variety, of which 12 species are epiphytes, 59 species with 1 variety terrestrials and 4 species saprophytes (Table 1.). I. The geographical distribution in the Gongga Mountain Region. The vertical distribution of the orchids in the area. Eastern flank: There are 39 species with I variety of orchids at 1150-2300 (-2400) m alt. in the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone, of which 12 species, such as Bulbophyllum andersonii, Dendrobium hancockii, Otochilus porrecta, etc., are epiphytic (including a semiepiphyte, Pleione bulbocodioides), 25 species with 1 variety, such as Bletilla formosana, Calanthe davidii, Cypripedium henryi, etc., are terrestrial, and 2 species are saprophytic (i.e. Gastrodia elata and Neottia listeroides), the upper limit of the real epiphytic orchids is 1800 m alt. At the altitude 2300(-2400)-3600 (-3800) m, in the coniferous forest zone, found are 23 species, including 20 terrestrial species with 1 variety, such as Amitostigma gonggashanicum, Calanthe fimbriata, Coeloglossum viride, etc., 2 saprophytic species (Neottia acuminata and Risleya atropurpurea) and one semiepiphytic species. There are only 2 terrestrial species (i.e. Cypripedium tibeticum and Orchis chusua) at 3600(-3800)-4000m alt., in alpine shrub zone, the upper limit of the terrestrial orchids being 4000 m alt. At 4000-4400 m alt., in alpine meadow zone no orchids have so far been found. Western flank: There are 14 species of orchids, such as Habenaria limprichtii, Hemipilia flabellata, Satyrium ciliatum, etc., at 2300-2800 m alt., in the river valley shrub zone, and they all belong to the terrestrial orchids. At the altitude of 28003800m, in the coniferous forest zone found are 19 species of orchids, among which 18 species are terrestrial (such as Amitostigma monanthum, Cephalanthera longifolia, Peristylus coeloceras, etc.) and one is saprophytic. There are only 4 species of terrestrial orchids (i.e. Cypripedium tibeticum, Gymnadenia orchidis, Orchis chusua and O. diantha) at 3800-4800 m alt., in the alpine shrub-meadow zone, the upper limit of vertical distribution of terrestrial orchids being 4400 m alt. Twelve species here are common to the eastern flank. II. The floristic composition of orchids in Gongga Mountain Region. 1. Twenty three species, belonging to 13 genera, are widespread in Whole EastAsian Region. 2. Eight species, belonging to 8 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. 3. Forty one species with 1 variety, belonging to 24 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, more than five times the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. 4. The floristic features of the orchids in the area. (1) The floristic elements are mainly temperate and subtropical ones. (2) The life form is mostly terrestrial. (3) The species endemic to China are prolific (35 species with 1 variety, belonging to 18 genera, are endemic to China, and 26 species with 1 variety are distributed in south-western China and its adjacent region; Amitostigma gonggashanicum is endemic to the area). The floristic composition of orchids in the area is characterized by the dominance of terrestrial species and temperate and subtropical East-Asian elements, though with a few Indo-African tropical elements (such as genus Satyrium (1 species) ). In conclusion, it may be considered that the species of orchids are abundant and floristic elements are comparatively complex in the Gongga Mountain Region.     

滇中小百草岭多变石栎林植物区系的初步研究

多变石栎林是小百草岭地区亚热带山地植被垂直带上最具特征性的植被类型 ,也是该地区州级自然保护区境内面积最大、保存最为完整、最有保护价值的植被类型。通过该植被类型中 116种常见种和优势种的群落结构和植物区系分析表明 :仅有中国特有分布种和中国-喜马拉雅分布种能贯穿于该植被类型的整个群落结构之中 ,植物区系成分以热带亚洲、中国 -喜马拉雅和中国特有类型为主 ,表明它隶属东亚植物区 ,中国 -喜马拉雅森林植物亚区 ,云南高原地区 ,云南高原亚地区 (IIIE13a)的一个具体区系单元的基本特征 ;其中的中国特有种又以小百草岭与周边的滇西北、川、黔、藏地区 (主要为横断山地区 )所共有的种占优势 ,从而也表明了小百草岭种子植物区系与横断山植物区系的联系相对紧密 ;通过与周边地区相同植被类型的比较 ,显示其地处滇中高原北缘的地理位置及受金沙江干热河谷气候影响使得该植被类型垂直分布海拔较高 ,更偏“干”的特点。     

四川贡嘎山地区杜鹃属的地理分布及区系组成

贡嘎山地区位于青藏高原的东南缘,横断山系的东北段,现有杜鹃属植物73种4变种2亚种。在贡嘎山地区东坡的不同垂直高度上分布有43种(包括变、亚种)杜鹃,西坡则分布有63种(包括变、亚种)。贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物的区系组成属于泛北极植物区,大致分为:1、中国-日本森林植物亚区,只有1种杜鹃。2、中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,有78种(包括4变种, 2亚种),其中(1)1种分布于西藏、云南,并经云南入缅甸分布;(2)44种为四川特产;(3)5种为贡嘎山地区特有种。另外,贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物区系还有其特点:1、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分布中心之一;2、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分化中心之一;3、贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物有垂直替代现象。     

贵州梵净山生物圈保护区兰科植物区系特征

研究了贵州梵净山自然保护区兰科植物的区系特征。结果表明:①兰科植物种类组成丰富多样,计有兰科植物38属72种(含种下分类群),分别占贵州兰科植物属总数和种总数的50.14%和29.27%。与邻近自然保护区所含的兰科植物属、种数相比,梵净山兰科植物的属、种总数与重庆金佛山和湖北神农架相当,而仅次于四川峨眉山;与贵州的茂兰、习水相比,其属数高于茂兰和习水,种数高于习水、略低于茂兰;②兰科植物种的分布区类型有17个类型或变型,中国特有分布成分占明显优势,为30.55%;其次为热带亚洲至热带大洋州成分,占15.28%;③兰科植物生活类型多样,既有地生、附生和腐生的类型,又有半地生、半附生的类型。     

峨眉山槭属植物的地理分布和区系特点

本文报道了分布于四川峨眉山槭属植物,计26种1变种。讨论了槭属植物在峨眉山的垂直分布与水平分布规律。峨眉山槭属植物的区系组成是亚热带和温带东亚区系成分。     

中国蔷薇科绣线菊亚科的演化、分布——兼述世界绣线菊亚科植物的分布

绣线菊亚科是蔷薇科最原始的亚科,共有22属260余种, 包括常绿和落叶两大类群,前者是 原始类型。我国有8属100种,全都为落叶性。本文着重讨论中国各属的起源、演化和分布等 ,同时也概述全亚科植物在世界各植物区的分布等问题。绣线菊属Spiraea是该亚科落叶类群中最原始的属,它在早期发生趋异进化,衍生出形态各异而亲缘关系密切 的不同属,本文阐明了中国各属的系统位置和属间的亲缘关系。通过对我国各属地理分布的 分析对比,属的分布区可归纳为5个类型。对全球绣线菊亚科植物在世界各植物区中的属、种数统计表明,东亚区有8属105种,其中有96个特有种,是该亚科植物分布最多而又最集中 地区,具有在系统发育上处于各主要演化阶段的落叶类型,因此,东亚区是全球绣线菊亚科植 物的现代分布和分化中心,也是落叶类群发生和发展的关键地区。在北美洲,从马德雷区至落基山区一带分布着11属46种,均为特有种,显然北美洲西部也是该亚科植物的现代分布中心,但可能是第二分布中心。南美洲至今保存2个较古老的常绿属,即Quillaja和K ageneckia,基于此,南美洲可能是绣线菊亚科某些常绿属早期分化和发展的关键地区 。中国绣线菊亚科植物在东亚区占绝对优势,有8属82种,其中有62个特有种,分别占该区属 、种和 特有种数的100%、82%、和65%, 这些类群分布最密集地区是在中国喜马拉雅森林植物亚区 中的横断山脉地区和中国日本森林植物亚区的西部,这一带是中国绣线菊亚科的现代分布和多样性中心,很可能是某些属的发源地。由此看来,绣线菊亚科的落叶属可能起源于劳亚古陆。据化石记载,该亚科植物的起源时间可以追溯到白垩纪早白垩世。     

珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究

在野外实地调查和室内标本整理以及查阅文献的基础上,对珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区蕨类植物区系进行研究,为探讨喜马拉雅植物区系的起源以及该区生物多样性的保护提供资料。结果表明:(1)珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区共有蕨类植物193种,隶属于31科59属,其中优势科为鳞毛蕨科(51种)、水龙骨科(41种)、蹄盖蕨科(22种)、铁角蕨科(10种),优势属为耳蕨属(27种)、鳞毛蕨属(20种)、瓦韦属(17种)。(2)科的分布区类型有8种,以泛热带分布型(55.56%)为主;属的分布区类型有14种,以泛热带分布型(23.81%)、中国-喜马拉雅分布型(19.05%)为主;蕨类植物以土生(55.88%)为主,石生(24.35%)和附生(21.76%)也占有一定比例,缺乏水生蕨类。(3)珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区蕨类植物区系成分与南迦巴瓦峰地区联系最为密切,其次为横断山地区和尼泊尔,与九塞沟自然保护区、秦岭地区有一定的联系,与西双版纳地区的关系较为疏远。     

西北地区木本植物区系多样性研究

西北地区在中国植物区系上属于泛北极植物区,其南部基本上控制在中国-日本植物亚区的华中地区内,区系成分以北亚热带成分占优势,中、东部主要控制在中国-日本植物亚区内的华北地区中的黄土高原地区内,以华北区系成分占优势,西南部主要属青藏高原植物亚区和中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区,区系成分以唐古特和横断山区系成分占优势,北部主要是亚洲荒漠植物亚区,区系成分是以古地中海成分占优势。本区有木本植物(不包括栽培植物)103科338属1729种(含种下等级),其中裸子植物6科17属57种,被子植物97科321属1672种,另外,具有中国特有属26个,土著特有种173个(含种下等级)。大科、大属在区系组成中起着非常重要的作用,该区木本植物区系包含有15个分布区类型及其17个变型,其中北温带分布、泛热带分布、东亚至北美间断分布、东亚分布等成分占有重要地位。其木本植物区系的主要特征为:种类比较丰富;分布不均,区域差异大;地理成分复杂,具有明显的温带性质;起源古老;土著特有种较多;区系联系广泛,多种区系成分的汇集、混杂和过渡。     

峨眉山蕨类植物区系的初步研究

依据2004~2006年的野外调查和标本馆标本以及文献资料,初步分析了峨眉山蕨类植物区系的地理特征,结果表明:峨眉山共有蕨类植物46科110属425种,优势科为蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科和鳞毛蕨科,共192种,占总种数45.2%,优势属为耳蕨属、鳞毛蕨属、凤尾蕨属和蹄盖蕨属等;在科、属的水平上,为热带分布型,以泛热带分布为主,而种的地理分布则以温带分布的中国特有和东亚成分占绝对优势,分别为36.5%和32.0%,揭示了峨眉山蕨类植物区系是以温带性质为主的亚热带类型,具有较强的热带亲缘;与大巴山关系密切,和云南哀牢山有一定的联系,而与秦岭、西藏和陕西天华山的关系较为疏远。     

粉条儿菜属(肺筋草科)的地理分布及其物种多样性和分化中心

粉条儿菜属(AletrisL.)隶属于肺筋草科,全世界有23种1变种,东亚有18种1变种,北美东南部有5种,为典型的东亚-北美间断分布的属.本文在种(变种)的水平上,研究了粉条儿菜属的地理分布及其分布中心和多样化中心,并对其起源和分化以及现代洲际间断分布格局的成因进行了分析.结果表明,(1)中国共分布有粉条儿菜属植物15种1变种,而广义的横断山地区集中分布有13种1变种,是东亚粉条儿菜属植物分布最为集中的地区,而且包含该属植物各个进化阶段的代表.因此,广义的横断山地区是粉条儿菜属在东亚的分布中心和多样化中心.(2)根据粉条儿菜属及其近缘属的分布格局推测,该属可能在不晚于第三纪早期,起源于古北大陆.东亚和北美的粉条儿菜属植物形态区别明显,应该是隔离分化的结果.(3)该属植物可能曾经广布于北半球,后来地质、气候以及冰川等因素的变化,导致该属在一些地区灭绝,而仅存于东亚和北美东南部.(4)尽管横断山及其周边地区是东亚粉条儿菜属的多样化中心,但该地区很可能并不是粉条儿菜属最早的分化中心,因横断山地区周边的一些特有种可能是在晚近的时期形成的新特有种;另外,东亚粉条儿菜属一些原始的种类主要分布于我国中东部到日本一带.所以,中国中东部到日本一带可能是粉条儿菜属早期的分化中心.     

嵩草属地理分布的研究

嵩草属Kobresia Willd.隶属于莎草科,全世界有64种5变种,中国有49种4变种,属下分为4个组。该属主要分布于北半球温带至寒带,亚洲种类最多,主要集中分布于喜马拉雅山地区和横断山地区。上述两地共有总数的90％以上的种类。因此,喜马拉雅-横断山地区为嵩草属的分布中心。与嵩草属最近缘的属Schoenoxiphium只分布在马达加斯加和非洲东南部山地。两个属可能有共同的祖先,发生于冈瓦纳古陆。随着印度板块与非洲大陆分离并向北方漂移,嵩草属的祖先被带到欧亚大陆,在两个板块相遇处——喜马拉雅-横断山地区产生了现在的嵩草属。其后,喜马拉雅山脉进一步抬升,气候与环境发生巨变,嵩草属也进一步分化形成现在的规模。印度板块在早第三纪与欧亚大陆相连接,嵩草属可能就是此时起源于喜马拉雅山地区,并开始分化,且沿北半球的山系向北扩散到欧洲和西伯利亚,又从欧洲到格陵兰再到加拿大东部,从西伯利亚通过白令海峡到阿拉斯加并沿落基山脉南下达到美国的科罗拉多,形成了嵩草属现今的分布格局。     

安徽省板桥山地植物物种多样性初探──兼论自然保护区的建立

板桥山地属于黄山余脉。据统计,该区有维管束植物１５４科,５５６属,１０５６种。其中,有１７种为国家级珍稀波涛危保护植物。该区植物种类丰富,其维管束植物科、属、种的密度分别２为２．３个／ｋｍ＾２、８．３个／ｋｍ＾２、１５．７个／ｋｍ＾２,与黄山、九龙山不相上下。这里的区系成分复杂,起源古老,并具有一定的过渡特性。通过对分布在该区的中国特有属植物的分析,主为其历史成因占主导地位,而生态成因次之。在探讨     

金佛山自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护对策研究

通过对保护区内兰科植物的调查,分析了保护区内兰科植物的物种多样性、垂直分布格局.结果表明,金佛山兰科植物种类丰富,区系成分复杂多样,共有兰科植物48属114种;金佛山兰科植物特有现象明显,中国特有兰科植物47种,3种为金佛山特有;垂直分布格局明显;不同海拔段的兰科植物濒危程度差异较大,低海拔地区物种?受威胁程度较低,资源保存状况更好.对造成兰科植物濒危的主要原因进行了分析,并提出了保护对策.     

云南蚤类区系及分布特征

【目的】在收集汇总以往野外调查资料以及已经发表的历史文献资料基础上,归纳云南蚤类的分布特点,分析云南地理小区对蚤类的影响。【方法】在实地采集和补充文献记录基础上,对收集到的蚤类进行系统分类整理;运用SPSS13.0的主成分分析及系统聚类对数据进行处理。【结果】本研究共记录云南蚤类9科45属144种,其中古北种15种,东洋种 108种,东洋、古北两界兼有种15种,广布种6种。144种蚤中,属于云南特有蚤类有75种;横断山中部小区记载蚤类122种,横断山南部小区26种,滇东高原小区41种,滇西高原小区28种,滇南山地小区25种。主成分分析和聚类分析结果基本一致,均可聚为两类：一类为横断山南部小区、滇南山地小区、滇西高原小区及滇东高原小区; 另一类为横断山中部小区。【结论】云南省蚤类分布明显受到地理小区环境的影响。云南省蚤类昆虫种类繁多,蚤类的自然分布受到云南省特定地形地貌影响。     

横断山区蚜虫区系的组成和特点

研究了横断山区蚜虫区系的组成和特点.横断山区共有蚜虫11科69属125种,以东洋区、特有种类占优势.蚜虫区系古北成分和东洋成分充分交融,特有种类丰富,区系组成复杂多样.对该区蚜虫的分布进行了初步分析,特有种分布不均衡,水平主要分布在滇西北的丽江和玉龙雪山地区,垂直分布在海拔3 000～3 200 m,是特有种丰富度最高的地带.此外,对跨古北和东洋区分布种类的东亚起源进行了初步探讨.     

The Geographical Distribution and Floristic Features of the Orchid Flora in the Mt. Emei in China

Situated in western part of Sichuan Province, 29°30'N, 103°20'E, the sacred Mt. Emei is one of the well-known large mountains in China. Its summit is about 3100 m above sea level with a relative height of 2550 m. The orchid flora in Mt. Emei so far known comprises 47 genera and 109 species, among which 21 are epiphytes, 83 terrestrials and 5 saprophytes (Table 1.) 1. The vertical distribution of the orchid flora in the mountain. The epiphytic orchids are concentrated in the lower region below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.), where there are 20 species, which make over 95% of epiphytic species; the upper limit for the epiphytic orchids is Jiulaodong and Chudian ( 1800 m alt.). The terrestrial orchids also mainly occur at the lower region below Jiulaodong and Chudian (1800 m alt.), where there are 54 species, most of which are found at even lower part of the mountain, below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.). The tropicas orchids in the mountain, such as Cleisostoma, Vanda, Holcoglossum, Tropiclia, Thunia, Mischobulbum, Ludisia, Anoectochilus, Odontochilus, etc. all grow only at the lower part of the mountain below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.). 2. The floristic features of the orchid flora in the Mt. Emei. (1) The orchid flora in the mountain so far known comprises 47 genera (over 2/3 of the total orchid genera in Sichuan) and 109 species (over 1/3 of the total orchid species in Sichuan). The Mt. Emei is very rich in orchid species, as compared with neighbouring mountains of same magnitude, such as Mt. Shennonjia in western Hubei, Qin Ling in southern Shaanxi, Jinfo Shan in south-eastern Sichuan, and Erlang Shan in western Sichuan. (2) The orchids in the mountain are complex in floristic components as indicated below: 1) Twenty seven species, belonging to 18 genera, are widespread, covering the whole East-Asian region. 2) Twenty three species, belonging to 15 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. Among them 13 species occur only in Japan and eastern China with the mountain ar the westernmost limit, but the other species extend westwards as far as Kangding and ErLang Shan or Baoxing in Sichuan Province. 3) Forty two species, belonging to 22 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Himala-yan Subregion, with 5 species having their range extending from the Himalayan region eastwards to Mt. Emei. 4) Some tropical genera (8 species), belonging to Indo-Malaysian floristic elements, have the mountain as their northern limit of distribution. The orchid flora of the Mt. Emei contains not only the East-Asian elements, but also some Indo-Malaysian elements, though its composition is mainly of the temperate and subtropical Eastern Asian (Sino-Japanese) ones. (3) The orchid flora in the mountain is characterized by geographical vicariation and differentiation. There are nine species-pairs (belong to genera Calanthe, Platanthera, Dendrobium etc.) of the vertical vicarism and six species-pairs (belonging to genera Tropidia, Aneoctochilus, Mischobulbum, Gymnadenia Orchis, etc.) of the horizontal vicarism in the Mt. Emei. Remarkable differentiation of orchid flora in the Mt. Emei is shown in the abundance of endemic elements and as clear geographical vicariation. (4) There are 8 endemic species and one variety of orchids in the Mt. Emei, more abundant than in Xizang. The floristic features of the orchid flora of the Mt. 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中国画眉科鸟类分布格局探讨

中国现有画眉科鸟类122种,隶属于27属,占我国鸟类总种数的9.15%。通过运用GIS技术处理物种分布数据,研究了中国画眉科鸟类的分布格局和多样性中心。中国画眉科鸟类在水平分布上具有不均匀性,省际单元上云南最多(102种),占绝对优势;在动物地理亚区单元上滇南山地亚区分布最多(80种),其次是西南山地亚区(60种)、喜马拉雅亚区(47种);在垂直分布上,则以700～2700m的海拔地带具有最高的物种多样性。中国画眉科鸟类物种多样性最高的地区位于滇南山地亚区与西南山地亚区的交汇地带—横断山区南端。我国画眉科鸟类主要涉及以下3个分布型:东洋型、喜马拉雅-横断山型和南中国型。     

中国斑叶蝉族昆虫地理分布格局聚类分析

分析了斑叶蝉族昆虫在中国以及贵州动物地理区的分布情况,探讨其分布格局形成、起源和演化原因。根据中国和贵州斑叶蝉族的地理分布数据,运用MEGA 6.0、SPSS 22.0和ArcGIS 10.2等软件,对斑叶蝉族昆虫的区及亚区分布进行支序聚类分析,结果表明我国斑叶蝉族现代分布中心为西部山地高原亚区、华南区的台湾亚区及滇南山地亚区,分布热点地区为西双版纳地区、海南地区和台湾地区。贵州斑叶蝉现代分布中心为黔东低山丘陵省、黔北中山峡谷省和黔南低山河谷省,分布热点地区为铜仁北部的沿河地区、遵义的务川地区及贵州黔东南州的榕江、雷山地区。斑叶蝉族昆虫中国分布区形成的顺序先是东北区,其次是青藏区和蒙新区,最后是西南区、华北区、华南区和华中区。贵州分布区形成的顺序先是黔西高原中山省和黔中山原丘陵省,其次是黔南低山河谷省,最后是黔北中山峡谷省和黔东低山丘陵省。中国分布区中,B21和B22聚类群属级阶元的相似性最高,区间关联性最强。在贵州分布区中黔东低山丘陵省和黔北中山峡谷省属级阶元的相似性最高,物种交流最为频繁。目前,斑叶蝉族昆虫的地理分布格局主要是历史气候变化、当前气候条件以及植被覆盖等生态环境共同作用的结果;区系起源和演化主要受地质构造运动作用;斑叶蝉在各区的分布相似性可能与气候变化引起的物种由南向北扩散有关。     

黄土高原地区种子植物区系特征

黄土高原在中国植物区系分区上属于泛北极植物区,中国-日本森林植物亚区的华北地区黄土高原植物亚地区,是东西、南北旱生、中生和水生植物交汇和聚集区域。计有种子植物147科864属3224种,其中裸子植物7科13属41种,被子植物140科851属3183种,具有中国特有属32个,黄土高原地区特有属4个,特有种164个。黄土高原地区种子植物区系的基本特征为:植物种类相对丰富,在全国植物区系上占有重要地位;植物区系起源古老,原始类群丰富;地理成分复杂多样,以温带成分占优势;与周边地区区系的联系广泛,是多种成分汇集和过渡的地区;特有性程度相对低,稀有濒危植物丰富。     

贡嘎山蕨类植物区系的特点

贡嘎山蕨类植物区系共含４０科,９３属,３９９种,最主要的是耳蕨属Ｐｏｌｙｓｔｉｃｈｕｍ,鳞毛蕨属Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,蹄盖蕨属Ａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ以及水龙骨科Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ等系统演化上较高级的类群,所含的种子是喜马拉雅和中国西南当地分化的种;其特有成分多为新特有属,可认为它是随青藏高原隆起而形成的较年青的蕨类区系,热带属在本区数量多而种类少,在山上河可与北温带种类并存。贡嘎山处于蕨类物种东