海桐大、小孢子发育及雌、雄配子体形成的研究

利用常规石蜡制片法研究了海桐大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育的过程。结果显示:(1)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为以四面体形为主,四分孢子后期部分小孢子壁皱缩;(2)花药壁由4层结构组成,由外到内为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层;(3)海桐具多个胚珠,单珠被,薄珠心,胚珠类型为倒生胚珠。大孢子母细胞减数分裂主要形成线形排列的4个大孢子,还具有少有的十字形排列,功能大孢子位于合点端;(4)胚囊发育属单孢型的蓼型,成熟的雌配子体为四细胞五核胚囊。     

华北驼绒藜大小孢子的发生及雌雄配子体发育过程的解剖学研究

运用石蜡切片技术对华北驼绒藜大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体的发育进行了研究.结果表明:(1)花药4室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、1~2层中层及1层绒毡层组成,药壁发育为基本型,腺质绒毡层,发育后期为二核或三核;(2)四分体胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子四分体多数为四面体型,偶见十字交叉型;(3)成熟花粉2-细胞型,单核小孢子时期存在不同比例的空壳花粉,从0%~80%不等;(4)胚珠倒生,双珠被,厚珠心,大孢子四分体直线型排列,合点端为功能大孢子,蓼型胚囊.     

星星草大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体发育的观察

利用常规石蜡制片法研究了星星草[Puccinellia tenutiflora(Griseb．)Scribn．et Merr．]大、小孢子发生及其雌、雄配子体的发育过程。主要结论是：(1)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为左右对称型;(2)成熟的花粉为三细胞型,具单萌发孔;(3)花药壁由4层结构组成,最外层为表皮,其内分别为药室内壁、中层、绒毡层,绒毡层为分泌型,花药壁的发育属于单子叶型;(4)星星草为单子房,单胚珠,双珠被,薄珠心,倒生型胚珠。大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能;(5)胚囊发育属于蓼型,成熟胚囊形成时,反足细胞经无丝分裂形成4～6个反足细胞,反足细胞内可能存在多次DNA复制过程。     

鞑靼滨藜胚胎学研究

鞑靼滨藜（Ａｔｒｉｐｌｅｘ ｔａｔａｒｉｃａ Ｌ．）药壁４层细胞,中层１层;绒毡层腺质型。孢原细胞１列或２弄;同花药异花粉囊小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同步,同花粉囊减数分裂大部分同步,部分非同步;四分孢子多为四面体形,少数是左右对称形,胞质分裂同时型;成熟花粉粒为风状饰纹,３－细胞型;单子叶型药壁。弯生胚珠,厚珠心型;双珠被,四分子孢子直线。反足细胞受精前退化,属蓼型胚囊。胚的发育为藜型,胚乳细胞在球     

瘿椒树大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育解剖学研究

采用半薄切片和常规石蜡切片技术,对瘿椒树(Tapiscia sinensis Oliver)的大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育过程进行观察研究。结果显示:(1)瘿椒树花药壁发育为基本型,周缘细胞平周分裂2次成为4层细胞,其中有些细胞仍能进行一次平周分裂,最后分别发育成药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,绒毡层为分泌型。(2)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型,产生四面体型四分体。雄花成熟花粉为二细胞型,两性花花粉败育。(3)子房为1室1胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心,基生胎座,倒生型胚珠。大孢子母细胞减数分裂产生三分体和少量线形四分体,合点端大孢子为功能大孢子。其雌配子体发育为蓼型。成熟胚囊里,反足细胞早期退化,极核融合为次生核移向合点端,附着在合点端珠心细胞分裂形成的突起上,为胚囊发育的特殊结构。结果表明,瘿椒树花为单性花,且雌雄异株,比省沽油科其它属植物较为进化。因此,支持将瘿椒树属(Tapiscia)提升为瘿椒树科(Tapisciaceae)。     

羊草大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体发育的观察

利用常规石蜡制片技术研究了羊草大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育过程。主要结果是：(1)花药壁由4层结构组成,最外层为表皮,其次为药室内壁,1层中层,最内层绒毡层为分泌型;(2)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为左右对称型;(3)成熟花粉粒为3细胞型,具单萌发孔;(4)羊草为单子房、单胚珠,双珠被、薄珠心、倒生型胚珠,大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线型或T型排列的4个大孢子;合点端大孢子具功能;(5)具有双孢原,双大孢子母细胞、双大孢子四分体和双胚囊的情况;(6)胚囊发育为蓼型,反足细胞经无丝分裂形成4～6个细胞的反足细胞群;(7)同一朵花中,前期雄蕊的发育早于雌蕊的发育,后期当花粉成熟时,雌配子体也达到成熟,雌雄蕊发育趋于同步。     

核桃楸的胚胎学研究（Ⅰ）——小孢子发生及雄配子体发育

通过石蜡制片技术对小孢子的发生和雄配子体发育过程进行了系统的研究。结果表明：花药含有4个花粉囊;花粉囊壁包括表皮、纤维层、中层、绒毡层;花药壁发育属基本型,腺质绒毡层,中层和绒毡层在花粉发育过程中逐渐解体,成熟的花粉囊只保留表皮和纤维层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂中,细胞质分裂是同时型。四分体排列方式为四面体型,四分体解体产生单核花粉粒,成熟花粉为2-细胞型。     

Studies on the Development of Gametophytes in Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae)

The floral bud of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. began to differentiate at the end of April. In the beginning of November, female and male gametophytes reached their maturation. The flowers fell off in the following March. The wall of the microsporangium comprised epidermis, endothecium, two or three middle layers and a single layer of amoeboid tapetum with two nuclei. The extra-tapetal membrane was formed during the later stage of the development of anther. Meiosis of microspore mother-cell was normal and cytokinesis was of the simultaneous type. The tetrad was tetrahedral in shape. The mature pollen grains were 2-celled and 3-colporate. The ovule was unitegminous and tenuinucellate. During the development of the ovule, some special structures were formed, e. g. hypostase and obturator which originated from the integument. A single archesporium differentiated immediately below the nucellar epidermis. It functioned directly as the megaspore mother-celL This cell under went meiosis to form a linear tetrad. The chalazal megaspore was functional. The development of the embryo sac was conformed as the polygonum type. Two polar nuclei fused into the secondary nucleus and 'three antipodal cells degenerated soon after the embryo sac reached its maturation, at that time the female gametophyte had become an embryo sac which consisted of only four cells each with a nucleus just before two months of blooming. The nuclei of some synergids located in the chalazal part of the cells. Contrarily, the micropylar past of the synergids were occupied by a large vacuole. The secondary nucleus was usually located in the chalazal part of the embryo sac.     

笔竹大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育研究

为探讨笔竹(Pseudosasa viridula)结实率低的原因,该文通过采用石蜡切片的方法结合显微技术对笔竹大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体的发育过程进行研究.结果表明:(1)笔竹的雄蕊多为3枚,极少有6枚,每枚花药具有4个花粉囊.(2)花药壁发育为基本型,由4层细胞构成,由外向内依次为表皮细胞、药室内壁细胞、中层细胞和绒...     

柴胡大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育

以柴胡（Bupleurum chinense）为研究对象,运用石蜡切片技术对其大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育进行了研究。结果表明：柴胡花药具4个药室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层4层细胞构成,花药壁发育为双子叶型,腺质绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为同时型,产生正四面体型小孢子。成熟花粉三细胞型。胚珠倒生型,单珠被,薄珠心。大孢子母细胞常为一个雌性孢原直接发育而成,大孢子四分体呈线型或T型排列,多数情况为合点端一个大孢子分化为功能大孢子,由功能大孢子发育为蓼型成熟胚囊。在胚囊发育过程中,珠被内表皮细胞特化成珠被绒毡层。同一朵花中,雄蕊先熟,记录了花蕾大小及雌、雄配子体发育的对应关系。     

观光木的大孢子发生与雌配子体形成

对观光木（Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun)的大孢子发生,雌配子体形成过程的观察结果显示,观光木子房单心皮,心皮腹面壁上着生2-5个胚珠;胚珠倒生型,厚珠心,两层珠被;孢原细胞一个,并且自表皮下1-2层处分化。胚囊发育为蓼型。在四分体和成熟胚囊时期观察到了异常发育现象。初步探讨了观光木濒危的生殖生物学原因。     

大叶补血草的大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体的发育

系统地报道了大叶补血草(Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze)的大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体的形成发育过程。主要结果如下：(1)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型,四分孢子多为正四面体形, 也有少数为左右对称形;(2)成熟花粉为三细胞型,具3个萌发孔;(3)花药壁由5层细胞组成,最外层为表皮,其内分别为药室内壁、中层、绒毡层,绒毡层为变形型,花药壁的发育属于基本型;(4)大叶补血草的雌蕊由5心皮合生,子房1室,基生胎座,胚珠1个,拳卷型,双珠被,厚珠心;(5)孢原细胞发生于珠心表皮下,经一次平周分裂,形成造孢细胞,由造孢细胞直接发育成大孢子母细胞,大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成4个大孢子呈直线排列,合点端大孢子具功能,属于典型的蓼型胚囊发育。     

掌叶大黄胚胎学研究

掌叶大黄(Rheum palmatum L.)的花药4室,单或复孢原。药壁发育为单子叶型。腺质绒毡层发育后期出现双核。小孢子四分体为四面体型,胞质分裂为同时型。成熟花粉为3细胞,表面具3条沟。子房1室,单胚珠,直生,两层珠被,由内珠被形成珠孔,厚珠心。单孢原,位于珠心表皮下。直线形或T形大孢子四分体。合点端的大孢子发育为蓼型胚囊。2个极核在受精前合并为次生核。3个反足细胞宿存。胚乳发育为核型,在球形胚末期开始形成细胞。合点端的胚乳核一直不形成细胞,而为游离核的胚乳吸器。在胚乳吸器和其它部位都发现胚乳核融合现象。胚的发育属于紫菀型。胚具小胚柄。成熟胚囊时期出现承珠盘,且存留时间很长,成熟胚期尚存痕迹。     

防风大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体发育的研究

利用常规石蜡制片法研究了防风大、小孢子发生及其雌、雄配子体的发育过程。主要结果是：(1)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子四分体为四面体形;(2)成熟的花粉粒为三细胞型,具3个孔沟;(3)花药壁发育类型为双子叶型。花药壁由4层结构组成：最外层为表皮,其内分别为药室内壁、1层中层、绒毡层,绒毡层为分泌型;(4)防风的子房为2室,每室1胚珠,单珠被,薄珠心,倒生型胚珠。大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能;(5)大孢子发生过程中,具有多个孢原细胞及多个大孢子母细胞的现象,但通常只有一个大孢子母细胞能继续发育;(6)胚囊发育属于蓼型;(7)防风的花为极端的雌雄蕊异熟,雄蕊的发育早于雌蕊的发育。     

Studies on the Development of Male and Female Gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa

Observed in this paper was the development of the microspore and megaspore, male and female gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa, which is endemic to China. The anther comprises four microsporangia. Microspore wall forms simultaneously after meiotic division in PMCs. The arrangment of microspore in a tetrad is tetrahedral. Bicel lular pollen grains appear at the shedding stage. ‘They are 3-colporate, with irregular min ute-faveolate exine sculpture. The anther wall development is of the dicotyledonous type, and its endothecitum develops slight fibrous thickenings, which also form on some epidermal cells. The tapetum is glandular. The pistil with hollow style is composed of three carpels, and its ovary contains several anatropous ovules. The ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellar, but no obturator was observed. The archesporial cell functions directly as the megaspore mother cell which forms a linear tetrad, but T-shaped tetrad was found in a few ovules. A Polygonum type embryo sac forms from the functional chalazal megaspore. In the mature embryo sac, the synergids are elongate with a large vacuole at the chalazal end, but the distrihution of vacuoles in the egg cell appears random. Two polar nuclei remain in contact with each other for a spell before the fertilization and the 3 antipodal cells may persist into early postfertilzation stages. Numerous starch gra ins occur in the embryo sac. According to the present embryological studies on Sinojakia xylocarpa and the works on embryogenesis by some early embryologist, authors consider that Styracaceae, Symplocaceae, Sapotaceae and Ebenaceae are rather closely related, and we alsoconsider it reasonable to put the 4 families mentioned above in Ebenales.     

蒙古黄芪的胚胎学

蒙古黄芪(Astragaius monghocus Bge.)雄性原为花药表皮下单列细胞,小孢子四分体为四面体型,胞质分裂为同时型。单子叶型花药壁。分泌型绒毡层,其细胞核始终一个,细胞里含有一至多个草酸钙晶体。二细胞型花粉:单室子房,多胚珠,弯生,双珠被,厚珠心。蓼型胚囊。雌性孢原为珠心亚表皮下多细胞。直线形大孢子四分体,合点端第一、或第二、或第三个大孢子有功能。成熟胚囊具有盲囊结构;花粉管通过退化助细胞进入胚囊。双受精属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型;胚的发育为柳叶菜型。核型胚乳。胚乳细胞在球形胚时期开始形成。在胚乳发育过程中,合点端胚乳游离核存在着聚集、合并、无丝分裂和胚乳细胞内多核合并等现象。     

巨龙竹生殖器官形态结构及雌、雄配子体的发育

通过石蜡切片的方法对巨龙竹生殖器官结构、大小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行了观察研究。 巨龙竹为一心皮组成的单室单子房,子房内具有一个胚珠,倒生、双珠被、厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能。胚囊的发育为蓼型,具多个反足细胞。巨龙竹的花药壁由4层结构组成,包括表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层;花药壁发育为单子叶型,绒毡层为腺质型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为四面体型;成熟花粉粒为2细胞型,具1个萌发孔。小穗发育雌雄异熟,雌蕊的发育早于雄蕊的发育。     

小草蔻胚珠及雌配子体发育的研究

小草蔻（Alpinia henryi K.Schum）胚胎倒生,厚珠心,双珠被。内珠被独自成珠孔。造孢细胞,大孢子母细胞和四体时期,周缘细胞仅1层。四分体线形,少数三分体。合点在孢子具功能。成熟胚珠具有珠心冠原和承珠盘结构。胚囊发育属蓼型。成熟胚整,合点端狭长,形成盲囊。反足核不能构成细胞,是短命的。膜质假种皮的原基从外珠被和珠柄发生。     

烟草大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育研究

采用卡宝品红染色压片和石蜡切片法对迪勃纳氏烟草(Nicotiana debneyi)大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育过程进行了研究.结果发现:(1)迪勃纳氏烟草为两性花,其小孢子发生和雄配子体发育早于大孢子.(2)迪勃纳氏烟草小孢子发生和发育过程基本正常,减数分裂过程有少数细胞出现滞后染色体、染色体断片和染色体桥等异常现象;其胞质分裂为同时型,四分体为十字交叉型和正四面体型,成熟的花粉粒为2细胞型.(3)迪勃纳氏烟草为2室子房,中轴胎座,倒生胚珠,胚珠多数,胚囊发育为蓼型,大孢子发生和发育过程未观察到异常现象.     

苦瓜胚胎学研究

以石蜡制片法对苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)进行了胚胎学研究。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,形成四面体型四分体和左右对称型四分体。成熟花粉为二细胞型。子房三室,双珠被,厚珠心,倒生胚珠。大孢子四分体为线形,合点端功能大孢子发育成为蓼型胚囊。中央细胞细胞质中有大量贮藏物质存在。极核在受精时融合。双受精过程属有丝分裂前配子融合类型。3个反足细胞随受精过程进行而退化。胚胎发生为柳叶菜型。核型胚乳,合点端具胚乳吸器。