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1.
2.
《Journal of Asia》2019,22(2):409-416
Porous cellulose beads (Viscopearl) manufactured from wood pulp can provide gradual-release action for aromatic substances. Here we immersed lemongrass oil, xanthoxylum oil, and vanillin to apply mosquito repellents. The volatiles from this Viscopearl were analyzed to obtain information for quality control (QC) or specification using a GC–MS, and its standard compounds were determined as linalool, geranial, neral, and vanillin. In a test using a 20 L chamber, it was confirmed that their constant amounts were released continuously and they did not be affected by light. In another monitoring test for 47 days on the Viscopearl equipped with a commercialized air conditioner operated for 8 h every day under indoor conditions, the amounts of all released components increased in proportion to the open number of the pores on the module, which is a housing case containing the Viscopearl. In addition, the concentration of 8 major components including 3 standard QC compounds (linalool, geranial, and neral) in a repellency test room depended on both the ventilation and elapsed time. The vapor from the module did not affect main 7 plastic units of the air conditioner, whereas the Viscopearl equipped with an air conditioner showed good mosquito repellency under test chamber and room conditions that temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration were controlled at 24.8–25.4 °C, 63.8–65.7%, and 708–1383 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the plant essential oil-based repellent Viscopearl has high potential to be used as human protective agent against indoor mosquitoes by applying it to air conditioners. 相似文献
3.
Shigeo Kamiyama 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):1091-1096
Leaf oil samples of four different citrus species were prepared from young leaves and the detailed composition of each leaf oil was investigated using gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrometry. The following components were identified: α-pinene, α-thujene, β-pinene, limonene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, p-α-dimethylstyrene, β-humulene, β-selinene, trans-2-hexen-l-al, cis-3-hexen-l-ol, trans-2-hexen-l-ol, linalool terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol. In addition, camphene, sabinene, β-myrcene, α-terpinene, β-elemene, caryophyllene, neral, geranial, nerol and geraniol were tentatively identified. Most of the components were found to be contained in common in the leaf oils of four different citrus species, but the relative contents of some of the components such as limonene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, neral and geranial were distinctly different from species to species. Thus, gas chromatographic analyses of leaf oils seemed to be useful for the identification of citrus species. 相似文献
4.
Wen Ming-zhang Huang Yuan-zheng Xiao Shun-chang Ren Wei-jian Zhao Hui Yang Shi-jie 《植物学报(英文版)》1986,28(5)
The chemical components of the essential oil from peel of Citrus medica L. var. muliensis W. D. et Y. has been studied by means of the GC-MS-DS, the retention index of eapillarly gas chromatography and the Authentic sample addition process. Twenty-nine constituents has been identified from sixty-four seperated peaks. The main constituents is d-limonene (68.2%), geranial (9.5%), neral (5.37%), nerol (2.72%), β-ocimen (2.47%) and (+)-Carvone. 相似文献
5.
Zhu Li-Wu 《植物分类学报:英文版》1988,26(5):353-361
Soluble proteins were extracted from mature leaves of 83 citrus biotypes. Their
protein patterns were obtained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The similarity of the protein
patterns among the samples was calculated by computer according to the principle and methods of numerical taxonomy.
The similarity comparison was made between different species and varieties included in
the Swingl’s system. The distance coefficients of similarity (DCS) is 2.13 between species in
the genus Citrus, 0.927 in Poncirus and 0.617 among Fortunella species. The DCS of biotypes
in Citrus limon, C. paradisi and C. sinensis are zero, and those in C. grandis and C. reticulata
are 0.656 and 0.863 respectively. There is no difference among satsuma mandarin, Tankan and
King mandarin, which are considered respectively as a good species in Tanaka’s system.
Ancestors of some biotypes. whose origin was unknown berore, are postulated in this work.
Jiang Bai Shang Cheng is probably a hybrid between C. junos Tanaka and mandarin, rough
lemon may be a hybrid of mandarin with citron or lime, but not with lemon. Some so-called
lemon biotypes are not in the same cluster as true lemon (Eureka or Lishon). The biotypes.
of sour orange, all of which are scattered in the phenetic tree of cluster analysis (PTCA), might
have been derived from different ancestors.
In the PTCA the evolutionary tendency from Poncirus to Macroacrumen in the citrus plants
may be found on the basis of the DCS of different genera, sections and subsections respectively with the subsection Macroacrumen.
The present author considers that if Fortunella is recognized as true genus, Cephalocitrus
should also be an acceptable genus. The position of Fortunella in the PTCA is between the
sections Cephalocitrus and Aurantium, but it does not represent its position in the phylogeny.
Taking comprehensive data into consideration it appear to be more reasonable to place C. ichangensis, as member of Papeda originated in the subtropics, in the section Papeda. 相似文献
6.
A. A. Efremov I. D. Zykova A. E. Gorbachev 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2016,42(7):726-729
Essential oil has been isolated from the above-ground part of the lemon balm growing in the neighborhood of Krasnoyarsk by the method of exhaustive water and steam distillation. Forty seven components, each with a content of more than 0.1% of whole oil, have been identified by GC-MS. The main oil components are citronellol (36.71%) and geraniol (27.20%). The oil also contains ten components with a content of more than 1% of the sum of all oil components: benzyl alcohol (1.67%), linalool (1.75%), citronellal (1.44%), neral (3.33%), geranial (4.39%), caryophyllene (3.73%), caryophyllene oxide (1.40%), dibutyl phthalate (1.36%), butylisobutyl ester of phthalic acid (2.45%), and phytol (2.55%). The composition of lemon balm oils from different regions of the world has been compared. 相似文献
7.
Volatile oil constituents of Tunisian sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. Meski (MES), Valencia Late (VAL), Thomson Navel (THN) and Maltaise Blanc (MAB); mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco); sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. cv. Amara (AM)) and pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) combined with a flame ionisation detector (FID) and mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 41 components accounting for more than 95% of the total essential oils were identified, and oxygenated monoterpenes (69.5–99.9%) were found as the most prominent fraction in all oil samples. The main constituents were linalool (3.1–73%), isoborneol (0–55.8%) and tepinen-4-ol (1.1–19.2%). A high degree of inter-and intraspecific chemical variability between species and cultivars was found to be genetically determined, and a set of distinctive traits (chemical markers) in the essential oils profile was established. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of all identified components grouped the oils into two main chemotypes (linalool/isoborneol and isoborneol/linalool). 相似文献
8.
Catherine Argyropoulou Dimitra Daferera Petros A. Tarantilis Costas Fasseas Moschos Polissiou 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2007,35(12):831-837
The chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of Lippia citriodora (Verbenaceae) was analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS in May, when growth rates are maximal, and in September, in full bloom. In both samples the main constituents were geranial, neral and limonene constituting 66.3% of the total essential oil yield in May and increasing to 69% in September. Their individual percentage values, however, changed considerably for geranial and neral decreasing from 38.7 to 26.8% and from 24.5 to 21.8%, respectively, and for limonene increasing from 5.8 to 17.7%. All other components remained more or less unchanged both qualitatively and quantitatively. FT-IR spectrometry was also applied for the qualitative determination of the main components. 相似文献
9.
Imed Hassen Yassine M'Rabet Chaouki Belgacem Ons Kesraoui Hervé Casabianca Karim Hosni 《化学与生物多样性》2015,12(4):637-651
The chemical composition of the volatile oils obtained from the roots, leaves, flowers, and stems of Thapsia garganica of Tunisian origin was investigated by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were predominant in the oils of all plant parts. Bicyclogermacrene (21.59–35.09%) was the main component in the former compound class, whereas geranial (3.31–14.84%) and linalool (0.81–10.9%) were the most prominent ones in the latter compound class. Principal‐component (PCA) and hierarchical‐cluster (HCA) analyses revealed some common constituents, but also significant variability amongst the oils of the different plant parts. This organ‐specific oil composition was discussed in relation to their biological and ecological functions. For the evaluation of the intraspecific chemical variability in T. garganica, the composition of the flower volatile oils from four wild populations was investigated. Bicyclogermacrene, linalool, and geranial were predominant in the oils of three populations, whereas epicubenol, β‐sesquiphellandrene, and cadina‐1,4‐diene were the most prominent components of the oil of one population. PCA and HCA allowed the separation of the flower oils into three distinct groups, however, no relationship was found between the volatile‐oil composition and the geographical distribution and pedoclimatic conditions of the studied populations. 相似文献
10.
Miriam L. Da Silva Arnaldo I.R. Luz Maria G.B. Zoghbi Lamar S. Ramos José G.S. Maia 《Phytochemistry》1984,23(11):2515-2516
Two chemical races in Calyptranthes spruceana were examined. One of them contains limonene, geranial and perillaldehyde as the main constituents of its essential oil. The other is shown to contain α-pinene, β-pinene, neral and geranial as its major oil components. 相似文献
11.
In order to find the aroma cbaracteristics of Citrus madica L.,the chemical compositions of the cssential oil of C.madica have been examined. The cssentia] oil was prepared from fresh leaves by steam disti1lation. The plants was collccted at Ying-giang district of Yunnan province in August, 1983. Tho properties of the essential oil were determined as following:the yield of oil 0.22-0.3%, d21/21 0.8826, n23/D 1.4800, [α]21.5/D + 36.9'.This essential oil was analysed by GC-MS on the Finnigan 4510 instrument. As rcsult (see Table 1 and Fig. 1 ) 22 compounds were identified. The major components are limonene (56.63%), neral (8.1%), geranial (13.52%), P-cy- mene (3.92%), geranyl acetate (2.34%), 6 -methyl- 5 -hepten- 2 -one and myrcene (3.26%) etc. This essential oil having a characteristic lemon-citrus fruitful aroma shows to be suitable for compounding perfumes of food flavour and cosmetic. 相似文献
12.
The leaf or bark tissue extracts of 108 biotypes of Citrus and its five related genera were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for isozymes of
peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, phosphoglucose isomerase,
phosphoglucose mutase, superoxide dismutase, tetrazolium oxidase,
NADP+- dependent malate dehydrogenase and esterase. The inter-or intra-generic
differences of isozymograms were compared. Dissimilarities of the isozyme patterns
among the samples were calculated by computer based on the UPGMA method
to demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship of the biotypes. There are remarkable
isozymogramatic differences among the six genera. Generally speaking, each genus
possesses its own unique bands. Based on the cluster analysis, the total Citrus
biotypes are classified into seven groups, i.e. Honghe papeda, Mauritius papeda,
Pummelo, Ichang papeda, Citron, Lemon-lime and Mandarin-orange. Ichang
papeda is suggested to be the third subgenus of the genus Citrus. The Fuming
trifoliata orange is accepted as a new species of Poncirus-P. polyandra S. Q.
Ding. It might be the evolutionary bridge between Poncirus and Citrus, and one of
the “missing links” as suggested by W. T. Swingle. Microacrumen (small- fruited
mandarin) is the primitive form of the mandarins. It seems better to consid er“ Horse-nose mandarin ”or “Xipigoushigan mandarin” as the typic mandarin
originated in China. Euacrumen (large-fruited mandarin) might have arised
through two ways. One is hybridization of Microacrumen and C. sinensis, and
the other is just the variation of Microacrumen. Ancestors of some biotypes are
inferred based on isozyme data. Fortunella obovata Tan. may be a hybrid of
Fortunella and Citrus. C. unshiu Marc. arose from the nucellar mutation
of“Huangyanbendiguangju mandarin”( C. nobilis Lour.) in Huangyan of
Zhejiang Province. C. junos Sieb. came from hybridization of Ichang papeda and
mandarin. C. grandis Osbeck and mandarin may have been involved in the origin
of C. aurantium L.. C. limonia Osbeck may be a hybrid between C. medica L.
and mandarin. The evolutionary trend of citrus fruit trees is proposed, anda tentative phylogenetic diagram is drawn. 相似文献
13.
A key to and new findings on the Astragalus sect. Erioceras, are given for the 10 species of this section, which occur within the area covered by the flora of Iran. One species, Astragalus neo-sytinii , is described as a new species. A. sympileicarpus is reported as a new record for the flora of Iran. A. viridis is transferred from A. sect. Erioceras to sect. Xiphidium Sect. Acantherioceras is reduced to the level of subsection. The differences between that section and closely related sections are discussed. 相似文献
14.
《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2005,33(5):517-525
Thymus pulegioides plants were collected from various natural habitats of Lithuania and transferred into a new uniform environment. The plants were cloned annually at controlled conditions and their essential oil composition was monitored by capillary GC and GC/MS. The geraniol/geranial/neral (G/G/N), thymol (T), linalool (L), carvacrol/γ-terpinene/p-cymene (C/γT/pC) and thymol/carvacrol/γ-terpinene/p-cymene (T/C/γT/pC) chemotypes of T. pulegioides were studied. It was found that according to the stability of essential oil composition on a sudden change of environmental conditions two types of T. pulegioides can be distinguished: (1) plants which preserve their chemical composition of the essential oils; (2) plants, which considerably change their chemical composition of the essential oils. 相似文献
15.
《Phytochemistry》1987,26(8):2207-2212
The essential oil from the fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale was characterized by the presence of acyclic oxygenated monoterpenes mainly composed of neral, geraniol, geranial and geranyl acetate. During storage the content of neral and geranial in the rhizome increased to ca 60% of the essential oil, while the content of geraniol and geranyl acetate decreased to an undetectable amount. The change resulted from the conversion of geranyl acetate into geraniol, geranial and neral, successively. The content of geranial and neral decreased to a small extent through cultivation of the stored rhizome, whereas a large quantity of geraniol and geranyl acetate occurred in the newly propagated fresh rhizome. 相似文献
16.
The composition of oil gland exudates from two oribatid mites, Trhypochthoniellus sp. and Trhypochthonius
japonicus, was studied with reference to the related species Trhypochthoniellus
crassus. Trhypochthoniellus sp. contained a mixture of seven compounds; (Z,Z)-6,9-heptadecadiene, geranial, 3-hydroxybenzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde (γ-acaridial),
neryl formate, neral, (Z)-8-heptadecene and geranyl formate in decreasing order of abundance. The profile of the components
from T. japonicus consisted of two types depending on the locality of sampling with unknown reason; one possessing a mixture of eight compounds
[(Z,E)-farnesal, γ-acaridial, (Z,Z)-6,9-heptadecadiene, (E,E)-farnesal, (Z)-8-heptadecene and geranial in decreasing order]
together with two unknown compounds, and the other composed of the same set of compounds together with 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde
as the most abundant component. Relative abundance among common components was consistent between the two types of T. japonicus. Profiles of components differed among three species including T. crasus. The phylogenetic relationship between Oribatida and Astigmata was discussed based on secretory compounds commonly distributed
between these two suborders.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Essential oils of various plants can be effective at repelling mosquitoes. The repellent properties are often ascribed to their dominant constituents. Our objective was to analyse several essential oils by coupled gas chromatographic‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) on the premise that those compounds that are detected by the antennae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), are candidate repellents even though they may be minor constituents and thus be overlooked in GC‐mass spectrometric analyses of essential oils. In the essential oils of catnip, cinnamon, citronella, cumin, eucalyptus, geranium, ginger, melissa, peppermint, rosemary, and thyme, 42 components induced antennal responses, most commonly β‐caryophyllene, linalool, 1,8‐cineole, geraniol, and geranial. Some of these 42 components are known insect repellents, indicating that GC‐EAD screening of essential oils is a viable analytical technique to detect quantitatively minor constituents, which could be potent repellents when tested at an appropriate dose. 相似文献
18.
BENJAMIN C. STONE F.L.S. 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1970,63(2):97-131
The sections of the genus Pandanus which occur in Madagascar are the main subject of this paper. There are 75 species in the island, of which all, or all but one, are endemic. They can be grouped into 12 sections, of which six are endemic, and one is a local endemic subsection. The other sections occur elsewhere, mainly in Africa, but two to the east. A key to the sections is given, and a discussion of field recognition characters is included. One new section and one new subsection are proposed. New lectotypifications for Sections Sussea and Vinsonia are suggested. The Madagascar species of Thouars are discussed. Finally a resume of some recent collections is presented. 相似文献
19.
Barbosa P Lima AS Vieira P Dias LS Tinoco MT Barroso JG Pedro LG Figueiredo AC Mota M 《Journal of nematology》2010,42(1):8-16
Twenty seven essential oils, isolated from plants representing 11 families of Portuguese flora, were screened for their nematicidal activity against the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and the volatiles by distillation-extraction, and both were analysed by GC and GC-MS. High nematicidal activity was achieved with essential oils from Chamaespartium tridentatum, Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana, Thymbra capitata, and Thymus caespititius. All of these essential oils had an estimated minimum inhibitory concentration ranging between 0.097 and 0.374 mg/ml and a lethal concentration necessary to kill 100% of the population (LC(100)) between 0.858 and 1.984 mg/ml. Good nematicidal activity was also obtained with the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus. The dominant components of the effective oils were 1-octen-3-ol (9%), n-nonanal, and linalool (both 7%) in C. tridentatum, geranial (43%), neral (29%), and β-myrcene (25%) in C. citratus, carvacrol (36% and 39%), γ-terpinene (24% and 40%), and p-cymene (14% and 7%) in O. vulgare and S. montana, respectively, and carvacrol (75% and 65%, respectively) in T. capitata and T. caespititius. The other essential oils obtained from Portuguese flora yielded weak or no activity. Five essential oils with nematicidal activity against PWN are reported for the first time. 相似文献
20.
Nicolas Venturini Franck Curk Jean‐Marie Desjobert David Karp Jean Costa Julien Paolini 《化学与生物多样性》2010,7(3):736-751
Chemical compositions of essential oils from 17 citron cultivars were studied using GC and GC/MS. To the best of our knowledge, chemical compositions of peel and petitgrain oils from seven of them were reported for the first time. Combined analysis of peel and petitgrain essential oils led to the identification of 37 components (amounting to 98.2–99.9% of the total oil) and 42 components (97.0–99.9%), respectively. Statistical analysis was applied to identify possible relationships between citron cultivars. The levels of seven components, i.e., limonene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, neral, geranial, nerol, and geraniol, indicated that the cultivars could be classified in four main chemotypes for peel and petitgrain oils. Chemotaxonomic investigations were carried out to establish relations between the morphological characteristics of citron cultivars and their corresponding oil compositions. 相似文献