Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. (Parnassiaceae) and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type Ⅰ, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type Ⅱ, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type Ⅲ, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassia faberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.     

槭树科花粉形态及其系统学意义

报道了槭树科(Aceraceae)槭属21组33种和金钱槭属2种植物的花粉形态。本科花粉近球形至长球形,极面观为三裂圆形。从花粉萌发孔类型看,金钱槭属Dipteronia具三孔沟,槭属（Acer)除4组具三孔沟外,其余均为三沟。从花粉外壁纹饰看,金钱槭属2个种和槭属的大多数种为条纹状,罕为细条纹－拟网状和皱波状。通过花粉形态分析,并结合其它方向的证据,我们认为：（1）Sect.Palmata,Sect.Spicata和Sect.Microcarpa可能是槭属中与金钱槭属关系最密切的类群;（2）A.distalum和A.nipponicum代表了近缘的两个单种组;（3）A.pseudoplatanus不同于Sect.Acer的其它4个种而与A.saccharum可能存在更为密切的关系;（4）Sect.Carpinifolia(细条纹－拟网状外壁纹饰）和Sect.Negundo(皱波状外壁纹饰）则可能代表了槭属中最特化的类群;（5）按槭树科花粉三孔沟到三沟的演化规律,Dipteronia较Acer原始。     

国产省藤属植物的花粉形态学

对国产棕榈科省藤属(Calamius L.)15种植物的花粉进行了光学和扫描电镜观察,其中12种为首次报道。省藤属的花粉均为两沟型花粉,外壁覆盖层多为网状纹饰(大喙省藤C．macrorrhynchus)或具穿孔(华南省藤C.rhabdocladus)。首次发现省藤属花粉的外壁纹饰存在穿孔和外壁疣状突起的类型(阔叶鸡藤C.pulchellus)以及皱波状突起的类型(长鞭省藤C.flagellum)。花粉的大小、形状、外壁纹饰、外壁是否有突起,外壁厚度和网状纹饰网眼的大小,对于省藤属的种级分类有较大的意义。     

菰属系统与演化研究—全草化学成分

本文首次报导了菰属Ｚｉｚａｎｉａ Ｌ．及其有关属,共５属７种的全草化学成分。分别采用直流氩等离子火焰光谱发射仪测定了全草２２种常,微量元素;重铬酸钾－硫酸消化法测定了全草的粗蛋白质及全氮;干灰化法测定了全草的灰分;酸－洗涤剂法测定了全草的粗。作者认为菰属的在水稻族中独立成菰亚族,其中所含的４种都是独立存在的;菰属的经济价值较高,尤其菰Ｚ．ｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉａ的综合利用价值更是该属中最高的一种,值得推     

中国特有属牛筋条属的花粉形态与其系统位置

从发育的角度研究了中国特有单种属DichotomanthesKurz及与其系统学研究有关的外类群Prinsepiautilis的花粉形态 ,扫描电镜观察显示Dichotomanthes花粉粒自脱离四分体胼胝质膜开始至成熟二核花粉粒不同发育时期 ,花粉形态和外壁纹饰未见变化 ,仅花粉体积随成熟度增加而有所增大。而Prinsepiautilis ,其花粉粒刚脱离四分体时形状和成熟花粉明显不同 ,成熟花粉极面观为三裂圆形 ,赤道面观为圆形 ,外壁具清晰的平行条纹 ,但幼嫩花粉粒的形状很特别 ,极面观为深三裂圆形 ,赤道面观亦见花粉在两条沟之间下陷而沟部外突 ,明显为角萌发孔花粉 ,且花粉体积较成熟者小 ,而外壁纹饰同成熟者相比无根本性差异。前述两种植物花粉在不同成熟期体积有明显差异 ,而外壁纹饰在不同成熟期不存在质的变化并相对稳定 ,说明花粉外壁纹饰这一性状在蔷薇科中具有较为重要的分类学意义。DichotomanthesKurz具典型Rosaceae花粉的三孔沟结构 ,外壁具条纹 -穴状纹饰。将其孢粉学特征同Rosaceae 4个亚科有关类群的同类资料相比较 ,并结合其它形态解剖与细胞学等研究结果 ,支持将Dichotoman thes置入Maloideae下而不赞同将其另立亚科或置于Prunoideae之下。此外 ,由于Prinsepiautilis的花粉在其发育初期具角萌发孔花粉 ,与Cunoniacea     

中国无患子科的花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜对国产无患子科(狭义,Sapindaceae)23属30种1变种植物的花粉形态进行了观察。结果显示,该科花粉粒多为扁球形,部分为长球形,少数为球形或近球形,极面观多为三角形;从花粉萌发孔类型看,大多数种类具三沟孔,有的形成合沟,少数仅具三孔而无沟;从花粉外壁纹饰看,多数花粉外壁具网状或条纹状雕纹,少数花粉的外壁具刺状或颗粒状纹饰。花粉形态特征支持文冠果亚科(Xanthoceroideae)以及广义鳞花木属(Lepisanthes)概念,并支持仍将茶条木属(Delavaya)置于车桑子亚科(Dodonaeoideae)。观察发现黄梨木(Boniodendron minus)与栾树属(Koelreuteria),龙眼属(Dimocarpus)、荔枝属(Litchi)与韶子属(Nephelium)从花粉形态上表现出较近的亲缘关系。基于花粉形态特征编制了国产无患子科分属检索表。     

国产黄耆属簇毛黄耆亚属花粉形态及其系统学意义

观察了国产黄耆属簇毛黄耆亚属6组12种植物的花粉形态。这些花粉的外壁表面纹饰可分为网状纹饰,穿孔或小沟渠状,以及穴网状纹饰3种类型。所有种类都具三孔沟的萌发孔,根据内孔明显与否可分为两类。虽然萌发孔类型与分组并没有严格的对应关系,但综合一些花粉特征,仍然发现6个组间花粉形态差异较为明显,与一般的形态差异有一定的对应性。特别是Sect．Robusti比较特殊,根据花粉大小等特征,推测它和Sect.Phyllolobium等有可能是本亚属的原始类群。Sect.Sesbanella的两个近缘种Astragalus heydei和A.hendersonii,花粉形态却很有区别。Sect.Bibacteola种类较多,有24种,花粉形态呈多样性。总之,花粉形态在簇毛亚属中具有一定的系统学意义。     

菰属系统与演化研究—胚形态

本文采用光学显微镜对全世界菰属４种２亚种及其有关属种共４属７种的胚形态进行系统研究后,获得菰属Ｚｉｚａｎｉａ Ｌ．与山涧草Ｃｈｉｋｕｓｉｃｈｌｏａ ａｐｕａｔｉｃａ Ｋｏｉｄｚ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,稻Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．与拟菰Ｚｉｚａｎｉｏｐｓｉｓ ｍｉｌｉａｃｅａ（Ｍｉｃｈｘ．）Ｄｏｅｌｌ ＆ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,其中山涧草的胚型为首次报导。根据胚型,这４属均应位在禾本科Ｇ     

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. （Parnassiaceae） and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type I, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type II, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type III, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassiafaberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.     

国产蔷薇科苹果亚科的花粉形态

对国产蔷薇科（Ｒｏｓａｃｅａｅ）苹果亚科（Ｍａｌｏｉｄｅａｅ）１６属１８种及１变型进行了植物花粉形态的光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。本亚科花粉呈单粒存在,花粉近球形至长球形,极面观常呈三裂圆形,赤道面观椭圆形至圆形。本亚科的花粉在全科中是最大的,极轴为１８．６２～４５．６５μｍ,赤道轴为１８．３６～４０．８μｍ。最大花粉见于Ｃｒａｔａｅｇｕｓ ｐｉｎｎａｔｉｆｉｄａ,为（２８．８５～４５．６５）μｍ     

Pollen Morphology of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) and Its Taxonomic Implications

Two forms of pollen morphology of Impatiens L. (Balsminaceae) have been described before: 3-colpate and 4-colpate pollen grains. Pollen grains of 13 species of Impatiens on Mt. Omei were examined under SEM for the first time and both forms were observed here, which imply the diversity of species in this region. Of the two forms, 3-colpate one is quite similar to that of the genus Hydrocera Blume (Balsaminaceae) in external morphology. This relation also exists between the 3-colpate pollen group and Hydrocera in habit, habitat, and distribution, etc. It is supposed that the group with 3-colpate pollen type is a natural one, and may have a close relationship with Hydrocera. The pollen morphology is of important significance in classification of the taxa and evaluation of systematic position in the fami-ly balsaminaceae.     

国产蔷薇科李亚科的花粉形态

本文报道了国产李亚科（Ｐｒｕｎｏｉｄｅａｅ）１０属１１种植物花粉形态。花粉近球形至长球形,极轴２０００～４４１２μｍ,赤道轴１７８５～３６９５μｍ。极面观三裂圆形,赤道面观椭圆形至圆形。具三孔沟,内孔常为长方形。沟较长,两端较窄。但在Ｓｉｎｏｐｌａｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍｕｎｉｆｌｏｒａ中除了３孔沟外,还有周孔沟。花粉外壁明显分化为覆盖层和柱状层,在光学显微镜下表面常模糊,扫描电镜下外壁纹饰均为条纹状。孢粉学结合形态学和细胞学证据说明本亚科为一单系发生的类群。Ｐｒｉｎｓｅｐｉａｕｔｉｌｉｓ和Ｓｉｎｏｐｌａｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍｕｎｉｆｌｏｒａ（Ｐｒｉｎｓｅｐｉａｕｎｉｆｌｏｒａ）这两个种在花粉特征和外壁纹饰上差异很大,从而支持将Ｐｒｉｎｓｅｐｉａ和Ｓｉｎｏｐｌａｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ分别处理为两个属但不支持将广义的Ｐｒｉｎｃｅｐｉａ（含Ｐｒｉｎｃｅｐｉａ和Ｓｉｎｏｐｌａｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ）独立为亚科。此外,由于Ｅｘｏｃｈｏｒｄａ的外壁纹饰同Ｐｒｕｎｏｉｄｅａｅ中较原始的类群（如Ｌａｕｒｏｃｅｒａｓｕｓ）相近,结合细胞学和形态学证据,支持将Ｅｘｏｃｈｏｒｄａ移置至Ｐｒｕｎｏｉｄｅａｅ之下     

山小橘属 (芸香科) 花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜（SEM）对芸香科山小橘属（Glycosmis）12个分类群16个样品的花粉形态特征（包括花粉大小、萌发孔及外壁纹饰等）进行了观察研究,其中光叶山小橘（G.craibii var. glabra）、长果山小橘（G.erythrocarpa）、锈毛山小橘（G.esquirolii）、长叶山小橘（G.longifolia）、亮叶山小橘（G.lucida）、海南山小橘（G.montana）、少花山小橘（G.oligantha）、小花山小橘（G.parviflora）和华山小橘（G.pseudoracemos）等9个分类群的花粉形态为首次报道。结果表明,国产山小橘属植物的花粉均为单粒花粉,近球形或长球形,花粉大小范围为(15.90~23.92)×(14.56~22.00)μm,极面观为圆形、三裂圆形或近三角形,极轴与赤道轴比值（P/E）范围为1.03~1.31,均为3孔沟;根据花粉外壁纹饰可以将国产种类划分为条网状、复条网状、条纹-穿孔纹饰以及孔穴状纹饰等四种类型,其中小花山小橘不同来源花粉的外壁纹饰差异较大,至少存在5种类型：(1) 极面穴状,赤面条网状或穿孔,(2) 极面穴状,赤面均匀分布圆形穿孔,(3) 具复条网状,(4) 条网状兼具不规则小穿孔,(5) 条网状兼近圆形穿孔纹饰。研究发现山小橘属植物的花粉形态特征具有较高的多样性,为该属植物的分类及系统学研究提供了可用的孢粉学资料。     

中国木犀属花粉形态研究及其系统学意义

观察了中国木犀属4组21种植物的花粉形态。花粉为圆球形或近长球形,外壁表面均具网状纹饰。大多数种类都具有三孔沟的萌发孔,极少四孔沟,或六萌发孔。内孔明显或不明显,有9种植物同时存在具三孔沟和具三沟二种类型的花粉及中间过渡类型(显脉木犀同时存在具三拟孔沟和具四拟孔沟)。很多特点表明,木犀属花粉的萌发孔在木犀科中处于由简单萌发孔向复合萌发孔过渡的阶段。根据网眼从沟间区中央到沟边是否变细,可将本属花粉分为两大类型,与分组有一定的对应关系。综合一些花粉特征,可发现本属花粉形态差异较明显,与一般形态差异有一定的相关性。花粉形态在木犀属具有一定的系统学意义。     

杜鹃花族花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对杜鹃属（Rhododendron L.）和仿杜鹃属（Menzie-sia Smith.)26种植物的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究,其中大部分种为首次报道。杜鹃属和仿杜鹃属的花粉均为四合花粉,呈正四面体排列。四合体为圆角三角形,连接紧密。杜鹃属四合体平均直径在30.29-62.45μm之间,仿杜鹃属四合体直径为26.38-32.19μm,单粒花粉为球形或近球形,具三沟孔。在四合体上,相邻花粉粒上的沟相接,有时可见粘丝存在。杜鹃属和二鹃属花粉大小和花粉粒外壁纹饰均不同,具有明显的属间差异。在扫描电镜下,杜鹃属亚属内组（或亚组）之间花粉粒具有不同的外壁纹饰,可为分类学研究提供孢粉学方面的证据,具有重要的分类学意义。花粉分析在杜鹃属内不能作为分亚属的主要特征,但可用于某些种的分类学研究。     

Pollen Morphology of Microula Benth. and Allied Genera (Boraginaceae)

Pollen grains of 16 species of Microula Benth. and six species of three related genera were examined under LM and SEM, and four of them also under TEM. Pollen grains of Microula and three related genera are dumb-bell-shaped, 3-colporate apertures alternate with three pseudocolpi. Pollen grains are very small,ranging from 12.18 x 7.13 μm to 6.36 x 3.66μm. In general, colpi with os are wider and shorter, rhomboid, but sometimes they are equal to pseudocolpi in length. Colpus margins are regularly or irregularly tooth-like. The surface of colpi is psilate or processed. Ora are circular or lalongated in outline, protruded or not; surface of os membrane is smooth or scabrid. The exine is usually indistinctly layered under LM. The exine surface is psilate, and more or less perforate. TEM examination shows that the pollen wall is differentiated into exine and intine: the exine includes ectexine and endexine, while the ectexine consists of tectum, columellae and foot-layer. However, there are differences in constriction of equatorial area, apertural characters, ornamentation and exinous ultrastructure between these genera. Pollen morphology indicates that the genus Microula Benth. is primitive, directly related to the genus Actinocarya Benth .; the genus Asperugo L. Is more advanced. The genus Eritrichium Schrad. which has two ora or one os and is anisopolar, represents the most advanced group among them. Noteworthily, the diorate phenomenon is found for the first time not onlyin the genus but in the family Boraginaceae.     

On the Pollen Morphology and Systematic Position of Trigonobalanus doichangensis

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of Trigonobalanus doichangensis (A. Camus) Forman of Fagaceae. Comparative study on pollen grains was carried out by means of light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The pollen grains of T. doichangensis are subspheroidal or suboblate but in polar view they are subtriangular, and in equatorial view they are subcircular they are 27.3, 23.1-29.4)×27.3(25.2-29.4) μm in size and 3-colporate goniotreme. The exine is 2-layered, 2.4-4.2μm, thick in apocolpia. The sexine cosists of tectum, bacules and endonexine under TEM. On the basis of pollen shape, type of aperture and exine structure the pollen grains of T. doichangensis are distinguishable, from those of other genera in Fagaceae and it may belong to a new type of Fagaceae.     

Pollen Morphology of Craigia with Reference to Its Systematic Position

Due to the unique floral and pollen morphology of the genus Craigia its systematic position, whether in the family Sterculiaceae or in the family Tiliaceae, has often been debated. In order to add more evidence for solving this problem, a comparative study on pollen morphology of the genus and 15 species of 3 tiliaceous genera, viz.: Tilia Linn., Hainania Merr. and Excentrodendron Chang. et Miau. was carried out under the light and scanning electron microscope. The result shows that the polarity, the structure and position of the aperture of Craigia pollen differ from those in Tiliaceae but are similar to those in Sterculiaceae. From palynology, it is more appropriate to place the genus under discussion in Sterculiaceae than in Tiliaceae.     

Studies on the Karyotypes and Pollen Morphology of Brassica oleracea L.and B. alboglabra Bailey

The karyotypes and pollen morphology of Brassica oleracea L. and B. alboglabra Bailey were studied by preparing mitotic chromosome specimens and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. the karyotypes of the 4 varieties in B. oleracea L. and of B. alboglabra Bailey are similar, all with the same chromosome number (2n=18) satellite number (one pair) and a type of karyotype, but different in respect to satellite position and karyotype symmetry 2. The pollengrains of 2 varieties of B. oleracea L. are 3-colporate and reticulate, distinctly different from those in B. alboglabra, which are pantoporate with smaller lumina. Based on the results we tend to regard that B. alboglabra Bailey is an independent species.