中国几种特殊普通小麦酯酶同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对中国几种特殊普通小麦的幼芽进行了酯酶同工酶分析。结果表明:同种不同来源的麦酶谱差异不大,较整齐一致,只有个别材料有酶带的增减及沾性强弱有别;对于不同的物种云南铁壳麦与西藏半野生小麦的酶谱很相近似,属同一类群,新疆稻麦慢带较模糊,少第3条酶带归属别一类群。     

A study of resources of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) native to China

Morphology, taxonomy, reproductive biology, esterase isozyme patterns and chromosome number were studied in 16 accessions of cultivated and wild buckwheat native to Tibet, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Among these are four established species: Fagopyrum esculentum, F tataricum, F. pleioramosum and F gracilipes. The first three species are diploid (2 n = 16) and the last one is tetraploid (2 n = 32). In addition to the above, three new species are described: F. zuogongense, F. megaspartanium and E pilus. There are clear differences in esterase isozyme patterns between these species. The zymographs of esterase isozyme of diploid F. megaspartanium (native to Sichuan) and F. pilus (native to Tibet) are similar to those of F. esculentum and F tataricum respectively. F. gracilipes , in the small achene group of the genus, has a zymograph of esterase isozyme that is very different from the species in the large-achene group. The diploid accessions of F. pilus and F. megaspartanium may be ancestors of cultivated buckwheat.     

外源一氧化氮供体对渗透胁迫下小麦种子萌发和水解酶活性的影响

采用含水量测定和种子吸胀实验,发现一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)促进小麦种子在渗透胁迫下萌发的效应是通过提高种子的吸胀能力实现的;SNP还能明显诱导胁迫下种子淀粉酶同工酶Ⅰ活性的上升,加速淀粉胚乳的液化或溶解,而对酯酶影响不大.此外,在无胁迫条件下的小麦种子萌发早期(12 h),SNP处理可以显著诱导葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量的上升;采用外源糖和SNP,结合NO清除剂处理小麦种子,观察到葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖都参与萌发早期NO信号对小麦种子淀粉酶同工酶Ⅰ的激活.     

新疆棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯和硫丹 抗性的生化机理研究

通过生物测定和生化分析研究了新疆棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)敏感种群和室内筛选获得的抗性种群对硫丹和溴氰菊酯的反应及其α-乙酸萘酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的动态活性反应。结果表明,筛选后新疆棉铃虫对硫丹和溴氰菊酯产生的抗性倍数分别为13倍和66倍。两个抗性种群的α-乙酸萘酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力均高于敏感种群。相应杀虫剂预处理后,α-乙酸萘酯酶酶活力受到抑制。抗性种群的α-乙酸萘酯酶对底物的亲和力高于敏感种群,但Vmax低于敏感种群。抗性种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶对底物的亲和力显著低于敏感种群,Vmax比敏感种群高。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示,两个抗性种群都有一条特异性酶带,其迁移率相近,且均可被甲基对氧磷抑制。因此推测,α-乙酸萘酯酶参与了新疆棉铃虫对硫丹和溴氰菊酯的抗性,具有代谢和阻断作用;乙酰胆碱酯酶对抗性的产生也起到了重要作用。     

Analysis of the Esterase Isozymes in Three Lines and F1 in Oryza sativa and Prediction of Heterosis

Esterase isozyme patterns in the embryos of dry seeds of 114 combinations of steriles, maintainers, restorers and their F1 hybrids were analyzed with acrylamide gel eleetrophoresis. Usually six major bands were found and named 1A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A. The isoesterase zymograms in three lines--sterile, maintainer and restorer were diffcrent. There were seven types of zymograms in F1 hybrids. The eomplementary bands were shown in F1 hybrids when sterile with 6A band and restorer with 3A or 5A band were used as parents. F1 hybrids with 3A and 6A complementary each other were more vigorous in vegetative growth and only those 5A and 6A complemontary each other displayed economic superiority. It was shown that the pattern of esterase zymograms of F1 hybrids was influenced by both cytoplasm and nucleus of their parents. It was concluded that esterase isozyme patterns could be used as one of the biochemical markers for the predicting hybrid vigor in heterosis breeding.     

菊花不同生长阶段不同器官POD和EST同工酶比较

采用过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)2个酶系统的12个同工酶位点,分析了4个菊花品种营养生长和生殖生长阶段不同器官(嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、木质化茎)的同工酶变化.结果表明:(1)4个品种共有16种POD酶带,15种EST酶带;(2)菊花的POD和EST具有组织特异性和阶段特异性,其中以嫩叶的酶带最多,其次为老叶,再次为嫩茎,而木质化茎的酶带最少;(3)与生殖生长阶段相比,营养生长阶段的POD酶带更清晰,更整齐,分离更好,但生殖生长阶段的EST同工酶比营养生长阶段的更清晰;(4)营养生长阶段的嫩叶最适合用于菊花POD同工酶分析,而EST同工酶研究宜取生殖生长时期的嫩叶.     

荞麦属植物淀粉酶和甲酸脱氢酶同功酶研究(英文)

以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法研究了荞麦属植物8个种42个收集系干种子和发芽种子的淀粉酶和甲酸脱氢酶同功酶。结果表明,荞麦淀粉酶在于种子中缺乏活性,但是在发芽种子中活性很强。在供试材料的发芽种子中共发现23个淀粉酶谱带,其中甜荞和苦荞分别有10条和8条。不同荞麦种间淀粉酶谱带差异很大,但是同种内不同收集系间差异较小。谱带聚类分析表明大野荞和毛野荞分别与甜荞和苦荞较近缘,支持它们分别为甜荞和苦荞祖先种的假说。在干种子和发芽种子中,发现所有荞麦种类均只有1条位置一致的甲酸脱氢酶谱带,暗示该酶在进化中具有高度稳定性。     

节节麦的酯酶同工酶分析

对 30份不同来源的节节麦进行 4个时期的酯酶同工酶分析。结果表明 :不同来源节节麦的酯酶同工酶存在较大差异 ,共分成 1 5种基本类型。我国黄河流域的 1 0份节节麦被划分为 2个基本类型 ,但二者关系极为相近 ;新疆节节麦与之有一定差异 ,但在相似系数≤ 0 .82 0时可视为一类。所有材料在 4个时期之间没有出现一个完全相同的酶带类型 ,说明酯酶同工酶随发育时期而不断变化。     

Esterase Isozyme analyses of the Species and Their Varieties of the Genus Gossypium

The isozyme make up of esterases of the seeds from fifteen species and twenty-three cultivar of Gossypium was analyzed by isoelectrofocusing. The experimental results are summarized as follows: 1. Differeces were observed in the number of esterase isozyme bands among the species of different genome groups. The cultivated species, G. hirsutum (AD)1 gave rise to 46 isozyme bands, the most among the species of the genus Gossypium. G. barba- dense (AD)2, G. arboreum (A2) and G. herbaceum (A1) gave rise to 42, 40 and 38 bands, respectively. In wild species, G. australe (C3) had 20 esterase bands, the least in all species of Gossypium. The bands given rise from other wild species ranged from 26 to 40. 2. Each species of every genome groups had its marker bands. The results were in agreement with the traditional classification and provided some biochemical evidence for modern classification of Gossypium. 3. It was clear that all cotton species of different genome groups contain 5 main isozyme bands, viz. PI=3.85, 4.61, 5.48, 5.73 and 5.91 in the zymograms. In other words, these zymograms are common characters of Gossypium. 4. The esterase of 23 cultivers in four cultivated species studied showed that no variation in isozyme patterns existed within one species, except the disease-resistant variety Hea-7124 which differs from other 4 cultivars of G. barbadense.     

离子束介导大豆DNA导入小麦后其蛋白质和酯酶同工酶分析

对由离子束介导大豆DNA导入豫麦52获得的第四代两个转化株系9004和9002中的可育株籽粒和矮秆不育株杂交籽粒以及受体豫麦52籽粒,进行酯酶和可溶性蛋白的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,可育株籽粒可溶性蛋白电泳在谱带上与受体存在差异,矮秆不育株材料的酯酶和可溶性蛋白电泳图谱谱带差异更明显。由此推测,外源大豆DNA导入受体后某些片段有可能插入受体基因组,从而导致基因突变或受体基因表达发生改变。     

Electrophoretic Survey of Proteins and Esterase Isozyme in Wheat×Maize Progenies

The analysis of soluble proteins and esterase isozyme in F2 progeny grains from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) × maize (Zea mays L. ) crosses indicated that the electrophoretic pattern of proteins and esterase isozymes was extremely different from that of their parents. Protein variation was mainly concentrated in the high-molecular-weight-Glu (HMW-Glu) zone. There were 5 kinds of protein eleetrophoretic patterns in the analyzed grains. VIZ: maternal, additional, complementary, hybrid and omission type which accounted for 22.6%, 14.3%, 15.5%, 30. 9% and 16.7% of the total tested grains respectively. In the analysis of esterase pattern, some variations in progenies were also found. The variations of electrophoretic pattern of proteins and esterase isozyme indicated that a genetic material change in wheat chromosomes could be induced in the distant hybridization.     

吡虫啉对不同发育阶段蜘蛛酯酶同工酶活性的影响

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了吡虫啉对不同发育阶段星豹蛛酯酶同工酶活性的影响.结果表明,星豹蛛酯酶同工酶酶带可分为三个区域,其中EST-3区的酶带颜色最深,酶活性最强;EST-1区和EST-2区酶带颜色较浅,酶活性较弱.星豹蛛不同发育阶段酶带数由多到少的顺序为:雌成蛛＞卵袋＞雄成蛛＞若蛛,酶活性由强到弱的顺序为:...     

导入外源DNA对小麦基因表达的影响

用（ＳＤＳ）ＰＡＧＥ对外源豌豆ＤＮＡ导入小麦体的不良变异后代种子蛋白质和酯酶同工酶（ＥＳＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化同工酶（ＰＯＤ）进行分析,发现变异小麦的种子蛋白质消减４个组分带,ＥＳＴ和ＰＯＤ消减２条酶谱带,ＳＯＤ的活性明显降低,并且变异小麦植株的发育生长表型呈现出脆弱,早衰迹象,表明导入外源ＤＮＡ抑制了某些基因的表达,同时分析导致这种负作用的原因。     

The cloning and expression of the gene encoding organ-specific esterase S from the genome of Drosophila virilis

We have cloned the gene for the esterase S isozymes complex from the genome of Drosophila virilis in pBR322. Esterase S is an enzyme which is specifically synthesized in the ejaculatory bulbs of D. virilis adult males. The gene for the esterase S isozyme complex (estS) has been localized in band 2G5e of chromosome II. Poly(A)+ RNA prepared from ejaculatory bulbs actively hybridizes with this band. A cloned 15-kb fragment of D. virilis DNA (pVE9) also hybridizes with band 2G5e. The area encoding the poly(A)+ RNA is located in the middle part of the cloned fragment whose ends are not transcribed in vivo. Only one poly(A)+ RNA which is 1.9 kb long and complementary to pVE9 DNA can be revealed in the cytoplasm. The mRNA preselected by hybridization to pVE9 DNA was microinjected into the cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis oocytes. In other experiments, the pVE9 DNA itself was microinjected into oocyte nuclei. In both cases, esterase S is synthesized in the oocytes, and the major part of the protein is transported from the oocytes and accumulated in the incubation medium.     

蓖麻蚕不同组织脂酶同工酶的研究

本工作为蚕类同工酶研究中的一部分,研究了蓖麻蚕五龄幼虫不同组织器官酯酶的分布情况,试图逐渐建立酶谱化。目的在于利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,检验家蚕的DNA对蓖麻蚕的诱变作用（陈元霖等,1981）,以期供体、受体与转化体之间几种酶谱的异同,从分子生物学的角度对蚕类DNA诱导遗传性变异加以阐述。     

新疆干旱区植物藜的种子异型性及其萌发机理

新疆干旱区分布的植物藜(Chenopodium album)的种子有黑色和褐色两种类型。对藜的异型性种子从形态结构、不同环境因素及激素或化学物质对萌发的影响以及同工酶谱等方面进行了研究,并对其萌发及适应异质环境的机理进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)藜的异型性种子在形态结构、萌发休眠特性等方面都存在明显差异:黑色种子种皮厚且硬,休眠,萌发慢,萌发率低;褐色种子种皮薄而软,不休眠,萌发快且萌发率高;(2)黑色种子的休眠可通过切除胚根外缘种皮得以完全解除;(3)赤霉素、乙烯利对黑色种子的萌发无明显促进作用;KNO3可较显著促进黑色种子的萌发;协同使用乙烯利和KNO3时,可显著提高黑种子萌发率,完全打破休眠;(4)黑色种子和褐色种子的酯酶、过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶同工酶谱带存在差异;(5)黑色种子的萌发需要光照,而褐色种子则对光不敏感;低温贮藏对二者的萌发均无显著影响,尽管黑色种子的萌发率有波动。研究结果初步显示黑色种子的休眠是内源(胚)和外源(种皮)因素共同所致。藜的种子异型性及其萌发机理的形成是其对新疆干旱区异质化环境的高度适应。     

Asymmetric Somatic Hybridization Between Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Bromus inermis

Asymmetric hybridization was conducted between wheat and Brorrats inermis keyss which is a distanfiy related intergeneric plant (belonging to different tribe) of wheat and possesses some favorable traits, such as resistant to cold, drought and disease. Protoplasts isolated from young embryo-derived calli of common wheat ( Triticura aestivum L., tv. 99P, (AABBDD), 2n = 42) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts isolated from young embryo-derived calli of Bromus inermis by PEG method. Three clones (No. 1 ~ No. 3) were regenerated from the fusion products and differentiated into albino seedlings. The clones and the seedlings were all verified as hybrids by chromosome counting, isozyme and RAPD analysis. Their isozyme and RAPD pattern contained the characteristic bands of both parents as well as new band(s). The chromosome numbers of albino were in the range of 42~54 with small chromosomes of Bromus inerm/s and chromosome fragments. The above results confirmed that hybrid albinos were obtained.     

金针菇品系间酯酶同工酶标记筛选研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板状电泳,研究了不同生长发育期,不同组织对金针菇酯酶同工酶电泳表型的影响,筛选出不受生长发育期及常规培养条件等影响的酯酶标记区带。标记区带分所有品系的出现的基本带和部分品系出现的识别带。酯酶同工酶标记区带电泳表型显示出多态性。     

中国苋属植物酯酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳技术对中国苋属植物１３种的酯酶同工酶谱进行了研究。结果表明：苋属植物酯酶同工酶有２条属的标志带在生化水平上认为是一个自然的分类群;     

水稻原生质体再生植株及后代的性状表现

获得了粳型水稻77-170品系原生质体再生植株(R_2)6个株系的206棵后代植株。对其中96株进行性状观察和细胞学染色体鉴定,发现再生植株子代在株高、剑叶和主穗长、单株有效穗数、每穗粒数、育性、生育期等性状上都产生了变异,除株高外其他性状在第2代遗传上不稳定,染色体倍性稳定(2_n=24)。对56株再生植株子代作酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶测定,其酶谱谱带与对照实生株相似。