珠穆朗玛地区伞形科植物的分类学研究

Five species new for Chinese flora have been shown on the basis of the gatherings from northern slopes of Qomolangma Feng (Everest Mt. ). They belong to the genera Physospermopsis, Pleurospermum, Pimpinella, and Schulzia. A new genus, Oreocomopsis and its new species, O. xizangensis, have been described. Critical comments on these and some other South Xizang Umbelliferae are presented.     

云南产四种伞形科植物的核型

采用常规制片方法观察了云南产杏叶茴芹（Pimpinella candolleana）、细软茴芹（Pimpinella flaccida）、圆锥丝瓣芹（Acronema paniculatum）和中国特有属植物云南细裂芹（Harrysmithia dissecta）根尖细胞的染色体组成。发现这4种植物的染色体数目都是18,除了杏叶茴芹核型公式为2n=2sm＋16st,其他3种都为2n=18st。由此认为茴芹属、丝瓣芹属和细裂芹属不仅具有相同的染色体基数9,且染色体形态极其相似,是亲缘关系较近的类群,支持将其置于葛缕子亚族的分类处理,但怀疑细裂芹属之属的分类地位。     

关于岩芋属二个种的模式化问题

岩芋属Remusatia(Araceae)是一个特征鲜明的属,共含三种,即R.vivipara(Lo-dd.)Schott,R．hookeriana Schott,R．ornata(Schott)H．Li et Q．F．Guo。Go－natanthus(?)ornatus Schott中的(?)这类植物转入Remusatia属,其名应为秀丽岩芋Remusatia ornata(Schott)H．Li et Q．F．Guo．Gonatanthus ornatus 的模式标本是Hooker f．s．n．采自印度喀西山,现只有Schott绘制的模式图照片; Schlagintweit n．313,亦采自喀西山,是Krause(1920）补充描述本种的重要凭证标本,现只有遗图。R．hooke－riana Schott(1857）的模式标本Hooker f．s．n．产锡金,Krause(1920）发表的图和描述的大部分可作为该种的凭证,是一个不同于R.ornata的好种。Rao et Verma(1968）描述的 Gonatanthus ornatus应是Remusatia hookeriana.     

Efficacy of plant essential oils on post-harvest control of rot caused by Botrytis cinerea on kiwi fruits

Antifungal activity of the essential oils of Carum carvi and Pimpinella anisum against Botrytis cinerea fruit rot of key kiwi fruit was studied. In vitro experiments, antifungal activities of essential oils were tested on potato dextrose agar media. Results of an in vitro experiment showed that these essential oils, at all applied concentrations, inhibited grey mould growth. Black caraway essential oil at concentrations of 600 and 800?μL?L^?1 inhibited germination spores of grey mould. Then, the fruits were artificially inoculated with a suspension at 1?×?10⁵?conidia/ml and then treated with different concentrations of these essential oils. The results of in vivo conditions showed that black caraway and anise essential oils applied at all concentrations were increasing the shelf life and inhibited the grey mould growth on kiwi fruits completely in comparison to control. The result showed that black caraway and anise oils at a concentration of 800?μL?L^?1 had higher total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity and antioxidant content compared to untreated fruits.     

辽东山区林权制度改革中林下种植模式对林下植物物种多样性的影响

以样方调查数据为基础,采用物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数,对辽宁省东部山区森林生态系统中种植林下参和大叶芹这两种作物对林下植物物种多样性的影响进行了研究,并分析了不同作物种植样地和未种植样地以及不同种植作物样地之间的各种指数的差异程度。结果表明:(1)种植两种作物均对灌木层物种产生了显著的影响,降低了物种多样性。(2)种植林下参使得草本层的物种丰富度显著降低,均匀度显著增加,而多样性指数差异不显著。(3)种植大叶芹使得草本层的物种丰富度、均匀度和多样性指数均显著降低。(4)林下参种植样地和大叶芹种植样地之间草本层的物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数之间存在显著差异。     

Characterisation of some monofloral Algerian honeys by pollen analysis

In order to contribute to the knowledge of monofloral honeys from northern Africa, a number of 116 honey samples were collected in three areas in the northern region of Algeria and analysed for their melissopalynological characteristics. Fifty-one of them proved to be monofloral and were mainly from four botanical sources: Eucalyptus spp., Hedysarum coronarium, Pimpinella anisum and Citrus spp. The honeys could be differentiated from honeys from neighbouring countries by the presence of specific associated pollen. Besides the main pollen species, the characteristic 12 pollen types in the four monofloral Algerian honeys in this study were: Acacia sp., Brassicaceae, Carduus sp., Centaurea sp., Convolvulus arvensis, Eucalyptus spp., Olea europaea, Papaver rhoeas, Pimpinella anisum, Trifolium spp., Rubus sp. and Vicia sp. Regional differences in the pollen composition were also observed. Characteristic associated pollen grains in the north-western region were Acacia sp., Brassicaceae, Carduus sp. and Centaurea sp., in the central north region Coriandrum sativum, Echium sp. and Trifolium spp. and in the north-eastern region Apiaceae.     

横断山区伞形科4种7个居群植物的核型研究

对横断山区伞形科棱子芹属2种植物(松潘棱子芹Pleurospermum franchetianumHemsl.和西藏棱子芹Pleurospermum hookeriC.B.Clarke var.thomsoniiC.B.Clarke)和茴芹属2种植物(异叶茴芹Pimpinella diversi-foliaDC.和锐叶茴芹Pimpinella argutaDiels)共7个居群进行体细胞染色体数目观察和核型比较分析,结果表明,棱子芹属和茴芹属植物属内种间染色体基数存在差异,其中松潘棱子芹为2n=2x=18=16sm 2st,西藏棱子芹为2n=2x=22=16m 6sm;茴芹属光果组中锐叶茴芹为2n=2x=22=22m,毛果组中异叶茴芹为2n=18=18st或2n=18=2sm 16st.松潘棱子芹、西藏棱子芹、锐叶茴芹的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道,从而为棱子芹属和茴芹属的分类和演化研究提供细胞学依据.     

美脉藁本的化学成分

Ligusticumcalophlebicum (Umbelliferae)isaperennialmedicinalplantgrowinginYunnanProvince .TherootsandrhizomesofthisplanthasbeenusedastheChinesedrug“HanQian Hu”inthenorthwestregionofYunnanProvince .Astherewasnoreportedthechemicalconstituentsofthisplant,in…     

Effect of Deficiency of Individual Essential Amino Acids in Diets on the Liver Lipid Accumulation Due to Lysine- or Threonine-deficiency in Growing Rats

In order to examine the effect of the reduction of individual essential amino acids from either the lysine-deficient diet or the threonine-deficient diet on the liver lipid content, growing rats were fed the 7% amino acid mixture diet for 14 days. The extent of deficiency of individual amino acids was lowered 50% as compared to that in the control diet. In rats fed the diet deficient in lysine or threonine liver lipids were accumulated as reported previously. It was found that the reduction of sulfur (S)-containing amino acids, valine or isoleucine from the lysine-deficient diet, and the reduction of S-containing amino acids from the threonine-deficient diet resulted in preventing the liver lipid accumulation. Whereas, the feeding of the diet deficient in lysine and tryptophan or in threonine and tryptophan showed a decreasing tendency in liver lipid content compared to the lysine-deficient diet or the threonine-deficient diet, respectively. On the other hand, the reduction of individual essential amino acids other than S-containing amino acids, valine, isoleucine and tryptophan from the lysine-deficient diet or other than S-containing amino acids and tryptophan from the threonine-deficient diet did not cause to lower the liver lipid content.     

中国藁本属叶柄的解剖学研究

本文首次观察了我国藁本属(Ligusticum)21种植物的叶柄解剖结构、基本特征和变异幅度。根据叶柄的维管束排列,结合横切面形状、近轴面沟槽的有无及形状、周缘的变化及髓腔的有无等特征,把21种藁本的叶柄解剖分为4个类型。依据各类型的结构特点及植物的外部形态,讨论了这4个类型可能的演化关系。作者认为滇西北地区不仅藁本属植物种类丰富,而且集中了叶柄解剖的全部类型,形态分化活跃,应是这个属的最大变异中心。     

川芎HPLC—APCI—MS特征图谱方法研究

建立川芎中药高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱（HPLC-DAD-APCI—MS）特征指纹图谱的分析方法。采用HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS联用技术,对川芎甲醇提取物中活性成分进行了分离和初步鉴定,并对10批不同来源的川芎样品和1批当归样品进行分析,建立川芎有效部位的特征图谱。本文所建立的色谱方法精密度、重现性、稳定性良好,采用APCI—MS共计鉴定出川芎甲醇提取物中10种有效成分,酚酸类化合物为：ferulic acid;苯酞类化合物：senkyunolide I、senkyunolide H、senkyunolide A、3-butylphthalide、coniferylferulate、Z-ligustilide、E—butyli—denephthalide;苯酞二聚体类化合物：riligustilide、levistolide A。该方法是川芎药材质量控制的可靠方法。     

西藏马鞍菌属小志*

藏东南林区、藏南的亚东林区和藏东的昌都林区等地的马鞍菌属16种,其中有中国新记录种3种,西藏新分布6种,研究标本均保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(HXZE)。     

藏北发现的大型猫科动物脑化石

本文主要报道采自西藏(Xizang)北部,伦波拉盆地南缘,色林错东南岸的一块大型猫科(Felidae)动物的脑化石。因为没有发现任何与其共生的哺乳动物化石,其时代只能依据猫科动物中虎豹属(Panthera)的生活时代,定为上新世至更新世(Pliocene-Pleistocene)。本文可能是中国哺乳动物脑化石的首次研究报道。