番茄子叶原生质体再生植株

从番茄2—3周苗龄的子叶游离原生质体,在 MS 液体培养基中(附加2,4-D 1,6-BA 0.1mg/l)培养;在培养过程中经常不断添加新鲜培养液。6周后将细胞团移到半固体 MS 培养基上(附加成份同上,琼脂0.3%)。然后将肉眼可见的愈伤组织再移入 MS 固体培养基上,愈伤组织长到直径为5 mm 大小时,转到 MS 分化培养基上(附加6-BA 2 mg/1,[AA 0.2 mg/l)诱导分化,得到了再生植株。比较了固体培养、悬浮培养和双层培养三种方法,观察原生质体生长情况,以双层培养为好。     

两种羟基苯乙酸对大豆萌发的化感效应研究

通过田间和室内试验相结合,利用高效液相色谱检测大豆根际土境和残茬腐解液中的对羟基苯乙酸和间羟基苯乙酸的含量;在培养皿内研究两种酚酸对大豆生长抑制效应;研究了二者对大豆DNA熔点(Tm)的影响,并采用SDS—PAGE方法研究二者对根系蛋白合成的影响．结果表明,在大豆根际土境和残茬腐解液中检测到对羟基苯乙酸;两种羟基苯乙酸处理后,大豆例根效和主根长均显著减少,表现出明显的化感抑制效应,间羟基苯乙酸的抑制效应更明显;两种羟基苯乙酸使大豆DNA的熔点(Tm)下降,一些小分子蛋白的合成受到影响,从而抑制大豆生长,表现出典型的化感效应。     

植物激素在大豆生殖器官脱落过程中的变化(英)

研究了大田生长条件下,大豆品种──早12花及幼荚脱落过程中植物激素变化。结果表明,自盛花期始,位于大豆第8～12节位的花序,其上、中、下三个部分花荚的脱落率逐渐升高,至最后一次取样时,三部分花荚的脱落率分别为77．4％、54．7％和18．3％,说明同一花序的基部花荚不易脱落。由内源细胞分裂素（iPA,ZRs,DHZRs）的分析发现,基部幼荚在生长前期,其内源iPA、ZRs、DHZRs均出现一个含量高峰,总CTK含量明显高于中、下部,而在后期脱落酸含量则明显较低;后期基部幼荚的生长速率及干物质积累量均高于中、上部。可见,植物激素参与调控了大豆生殖器官的脱落过程。     

大豆遗传转化研究进展

综述了大豆遗传转化体系及其优缺点,转基因大豆的研究成果、生产状况和生物安全性评价,分析了大豆遗传转化中存在的一些问题及其解决办法,展望了未来大豆遗传转化的发展前景。     

大豆未成熟胚培养中高浓度植物生长素的作用及其植株再生

用大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)未成熟胚为外植体,在含高浓度 NAA 或2,4-D 的培养基上可诱导绿色结构体和体细胞胚状体。叶状、花状和喇叭形状的绿色结构体在含30mg/l2,4-D 的 MS-1培养基上可重新愈伤组织化。这种由高浓度2,4-D 诱发并保持的愈伤组织,转到低激素水平的培养基上后,能诱导出大量的同类形状的新结构体。绿色结构体可以进一步发育成叶丛状,但顶端不伸长。使用含2m g/l GA,和0.1mg/l IBA 的培养基,能促进顶端伸长和根的发育,获得正常植株。由未成熟胚的子叶(其时种子长度约4—6mm)诱导的愈伤组织具有再生能力。在含高浓度2,4-D(5-30mg/l)的培养基上诱导出的愈伤组织具有较高的产生绿色结构的潜力。而高浓度 NAA(10mg/l)培养基产生的愈伤组织具有较强的产生根状体的潜力。培养的外植体或愈伤组织在含5mg/l 2,4-D 的培养基上,不需要经常的继代培养,即可长期保存。     

大豆遗传转化研究进展

综述了大豆遗传转化体系及其优缺点,转基因大豆的研究成果、生产状况和生物安全性评价,分析了大豆遗传转化中存在的一些问题及其解决办法,展望了未来大豆遗传转化的发展前景。     

The causes of genetic male sterility in 3 soybaen lines

Summary The cause of male sterility in 3 soybean lines, TGM 103-1, N-69-2774 and TGM 242-4 was studied. In TGM 103-1, which was both male and female sterile, two different abnormalities were associated with sterility. Precocious movement of a few chromosomes at the metaphase I stage resulted into the production of non-functional pollen while cells which underwent apparent normal meiotic division had disintergration of the tapetal cell wall immediately after the free microspore stage leading to the starvation and subsequent death of the developing microspores. In lines N-69-2774 and TGM 242-4, both of which were partially sterile, male sterility resulted from a failure of cytokinesis after the telophase II stage. Meiosis proceeded normally but the 4 microspores after telophase II failed to separate into pollen grains and degenerated thereafter.     

大豆体细胞胚胎发生与农杆菌介导的遗传转化

以55个大豆基因型未成熟子叶为外植体,用高浓度2,4-D诱导大豆体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生,并对生产上种植面积大、体细胞胚胎发生率高的大豆基因型用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化。结果表明,东北地区主栽的大豆基因型中有14个基因型体细胞胚胎发生率超过40%。用含有pGBI121S4ABC质粒的LBA4404农杆菌侵染5个东北地区主栽大豆基因型的2147个未成熟子叶,经卡那霉素抗性筛选得到12株PCR阳性植株。 Abstract：Somatic embryogenesis was induced and the regenerated plants were obtained by higher concentrations of auxins with immature cotyledon of 55 genotypes in soybean. Bivalent insect resistant genes were transformed into immature cotyledon of soybean which have high frequency of somatic embryogenesis via Agrobacterium-mediated. The results showed that 14 genotypes possessed high frequency of somatic embryogenesis (more than 40%) among soybean genotypes from Northeast area. 2147 immature cotyledons of 5 different soybean genotypes cultured in Northeast area were inoculated with LBA4404 (including pGBI121S4ABC plasmid). 12 regenerated plants selected by Kanamicy gave positive PCR reaction.     

代表性大豆种质异黄酮主要组分含量鉴定

采用HPLC检测方法,对100份不同来源的代表性大豆种质进行异黄酮含量分析,结果显示大豆种质中主要含有6种异黄酮组分,分别为黄豆苷（D）、黄豆黄苷（GL）、染料木苷（G）、丙二酰基黄豆苷（MD）、丙二酰基黄豆黄苷（MGL）和丙二酰基染料木苷（MG）,且异黄酮含量在不同生态区间和品种间均存在显著差异,变异丰富;南方产区大豆品种的异黄酮总含量最高（2465.48ug/g）,黄淮大豆产区次之（2308.48ug/g）,北方大豆产区最低（1705.89ug/g）;6 种主要异黄酮组分含量的变异系数变化范围为33.44%～52.03%。相关分析表明异黄酮总含量与各主要组分含量之间均呈极显著正相关,与脂肪含量呈极显著负相关（r = -0.323**）。在此基础上,筛选出高异黄酮含量的大豆种质2份,分别为平顶黑豆（4459.91 ug/g）和PI-567479（4073.95 ug/g）,低异黄酮含量的大豆种质2份,分别为茶色豆（857.74 ug/g）和牡丰1号（922.82 ug/g）,可以用于大豆异黄酮育种或遗传研究。     

烟草叶肉原生质体快速再生植株的简易方法

本文介绍了培养烟草叶肉原生质体快速再生完整植株的简易方法。用及时调整培养基中的植物激素使愈伤组织阶段缩短,游离的原生质体能在6—8周内发育成形态正常的完整植株。     

Effects of carrier, sterilisation method, and incubation on survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean (Glycine max L.) inoculants

The production and quality of rhizobial inoculants in many developing countries is limited by the availability of suitable carriers or technological limitations. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of various inexpensive and widely available carrier materials. The carriers, evaluated, were: perlite with pH adjusted with calcium carbonate or charcoal, 1:4 mixtures of perlite and malt residue, sugarcane bagasse, coal, and rice husk. We also contrasted sterilisation procedures (autoclaving or gamma irradiation) and incubation after injection (with or without initial two weeks incubation at 28 °C) for these various carriers. Survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain CB1809 was monitored over a period of 6 months upon storage at 4 °C. Most carriers evaluated, were able to maintain rhizobial populations of more than 1 × 10⁹ rhizobia per gram of inoculant over that time period, with mixtures of perlite with either sugarcane bagasse or malt residue supporting the largest rhizobial populations and a mixture of perlite and rice husk the lowest. All carriers supported rhizobial growth over the 6 months period. Initially, rhizobial populations were greater with gamma irradiation than autoclaving, however after 6 months, this response was significant only with the perlite and sugarcane bagasse mixture. The incubation of the inoculant after injection also ultimately did not benefit rhizobial levels for any of the carriers, tested. Using simple sterilisation procedures and without incubating after injection, perlite based carriers can produce high quality inexpensive inoculants, maintaining bacterial populations of more than 1 × 10⁹/g rhizobia for at least 6 months.     

枸杞下胚轴原生质体培养再生植株(简报)

枸杞是我国常用的一种滋补中药,具有较高的经济价值。以枸杞茎尖、叶片、花药、胚乳为材料的组织培养均获得再生小植株。由愈伤组织分离出的原生质体培养形成了愈伤组织。最近,由叶肉原生质体培养获