云南开远小龙潭盆地晚第三纪孢粉植物群

对云南开远小龙潭盆地上第三系各层位孢粉研究表明∶被子植物在盆地沉积时期始终居优势地位,且类型丰富,以常绿阔叶树种为主．草本植物花粉在盆地的上部层位含量有所增加,出现多种菊科类型,而部分被子植物花粉的含量消减或消失． 据此划出两个孢粉亚带,其中Ａ 亚带的地质时代可能是中新世中晚期,Ｂ亚带为上新世早期     

罗布泊地区第四纪环境演化

新疆罗后干涸湖盆中的Ｋ１钻孔揭示,１００、２ｍ的沉积剖面共有９２个宙积层,划归１６同积旋回,包括了早更新世以来的各时期沉积。据划分的１５个孢粉组这及古地磁、１４＾Ｃ、岩石地层资料综合分析,早更新世该区曾发育森林－草原植被,早更民末,强烈的构造运动保留我下更充变形,上覆的中更统与下更新统间呈不整合接触。中更新世,荒漠和荒漠草原交替出现,地层中有大量膏质泥岩和石膏。晚更新世以来,在干旱气候的控制之下,     

南京紫金山现代植被表土孢粉的初步研究

 选择南京紫金山现代植被进行植被调查和表土孢粉分析。结合中国东部不同气候带下的几个地点表土孢粉分析,把孢粉百分含量、孢粉组合及孢粉优势种、标志种与植被的各项参数进行对比,找出植被与孢粉之间的关系。为恢复古植被、古生态和古气候提供科学依据。     

末次冰盛期低海面时南海南北陆架上的植被

在探讨孢粉的传播、来源地的基础上,根据南海南北陆坡柱状剖面（１７９４０ ,１７９６４） 的孢粉资料推断末次冰盛期（包括氧同位素３ 期的上部） 低海面时,南北出露的大陆架上生长的植被。末次冰盛期时北部大陆架曾分布以蒿属（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ Ｌ．） 为主的草原植被,气候较今日冷且干旱。南部称为“巽他古陆”,曾覆盖热带低地雨林,河口及海岸为红树林,在周围岛屿上高山雨林曾多次向山下迁移,表明当时温度可能较今日低,但湿度没有明显变化。南北大陆架末次冰期时在植被与气候演化上的巨大差异,可能与南部巽他陆架的特殊位置（ 西太平洋暖池） 有关     

南沙海区晚第四纪浮游有孔虫演化及其古海洋学意义

通过对南沙海区17957和17958两柱状样中浮游有孔虫的研究,首次揭示了南海晚第四纪以来较长时间尺度上（0－800ka BP)存在δ18O 11期（约400ka BP)开始的粉红色Globigerinoides ruber大量出现和Globigerina rubescens较高相对丰度,δ18O 5e期（约120ka BP)的粉红色Gl9obigerinoides ruber 绝灭,Globoquadrina Conglomersata大量出现,Globorotalia truncatulinoides 左旋型分子绝对优势开始,和δ18O 4／5期界线附近（约80ka BP)的Globo quadrina conglomerata绝灭等三次浮游有孔虫演化事件,南沙与南海北部及西北太平洋等海区的浮游有孔虫演化事件对比 表明,南沙海区在400ka BP开始海水温跃层相对较深,至δ^18O 5e期时,受西北太平洋中层水加强的影响,南沙海水温跃层变浅,在δ^18O 5e至4／5期界线这段时期内与西北太平洋水体交换比较自由。     

Pollen and phytolith evidence for rice cultivation during the Neolithic at Longqiuzhuang, eastern Jianghuai, China

Phytolith and pollen analyses were carried out at the archaeological site at Longqiuzhuang in Gaoyou, Jiangsu, southern China. The results indicate that the key morphological phytolith types associated with cultivated rice (Oryza) are common in the Neolithic cultural layers at this site. The evidence strongly suggests that cultivated rice (mainlyO. japonica) was grown locally during the Neolithic. The archaeopalynological record provides information about the impact of human activity and, in particular, farming on the natural vegetation. The evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest was substantially altered, and herbaceous taxa, including ruderals, expanded. Based on the results from the phytolith and pollen analyses, two distinct phases of human activity have been recognized, namely (1) phase A (7000-6300 B.P., i.e. early Neolithic) a warm and humid period when arable farming, including rice cultivation, was pursued but the variation in the size of the carbonized rice grains was low, and (2) phase B (6300-5500 B.P., late Neolithic age), a period of relatively cold and/or arid climate when cultivated rice was of major importance and was morphologically similar to present-day rice. Environment, and in particular climate change in the late Neolithic, were important factors affecting the development of rice as a cultivated crop. It was mainly during this period that artificial selection favoured the emergence of forms similar to those of today.     

东海陆缘(浙南段)晚第四纪硅藻的发现及古环境分析

东海陆缘(浙南段)温州沿海以往第四纪沉积已开展了一些研究,见有丰富的有孔虫、孢粉等生物化石,但未发现硅藻。本项研究在温州CH6井、台州CH5井岩心中发现了大量硅藻化石,本文以温州CH6井丰富的硅藻化石为依据,建立了晚第四纪硅藻组合序列,划分为12个硅藻带,并恢复其古环境演替,根据四个AMS ^14C年代数据,其时代属早、中全新世。     

中国独行菜属9种植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察

对中国产独行菜属9种植物的花粉微形态作了扫描电镜下的观察和研究。结果表明,花粉粒为超长球形或长球形,具三沟,外壁纹饰均为网状纹饰。根据外壁纹饰可分为3种类型：（1）网眼为不规则形状,网眼边缘常有刺突;（2）网眼为圆形或近圆形,网眼边缘较光滑;（3）网眼为多边形或不规则多边形,网眼边缘较光滑,偶有刺突。     

国产含羞草科一些属花粉形态的研究

利用光镜及电镜观察了中国含羞草科金合欢属、合欢属、棋子豆属、围诞树属、朱缨花属、心叶合欢属等６属３７种（含变种）植物的花粉形态,对其花粉大小,外壁纹饰进行了比较分析。结果表明它们均为１６合花粉（除薄叶围诞树Ａｂｅｒａｍａ ｕｔｉｌｅ为８合花粉外）,在分类上无多大价值;而花粉大小及外壁纹饰却有一定分类意义。表现为：金合金欢属花粉较小,直径为２５－３０μｍ,很容易区别;其余属花粉直径均在５０μｍ以上。     

中国钩藤属9种植物的花粉形态

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国钩藤属(Uncaria Schreb)9种植物的花粉形态进行了观察.结果表明,钩藤属植物的花粉为单粒,小型,辐射对称,赤道面观圆球形至近长球形,极面观3-裂圆形,具3孔沟,萌发沟裂缝状,长达两极.萌发沟中央有\"内壁加厚突出\"结构.外壁具条纹至细网纹饰,表面光滑无附属物.钩藤属花粉大小、形状、萌发沟和纹饰类型都较接近,属于单一型花粉.钩藤属植物的花粉形态特征是茜草科(Rubiaceae)中较为原始的类型.     

中国木犀属花粉形态研究及其系统学意义

观察了中国木犀属4组21种植物的花粉形态。花粉为圆球形或近长球形,外壁表面均具网状纹饰。大多数种类都具有三孔沟的萌发孔,极少四孔沟,或六萌发孔。内孔明显或不明显,有9种植物同时存在具三孔沟和具三沟二种类型的花粉及中间过渡类型(显脉木犀同时存在具三拟孔沟和具四拟孔沟)。很多特点表明,木犀属花粉的萌发孔在木犀科中处于由简单萌发孔向复合萌发孔过渡的阶段。根据网眼从沟间区中央到沟边是否变细,可将本属花粉分为两大类型,与分组有一定的对应关系。综合一些花粉特征,可发现本属花粉形态差异较明显,与一般形态差异有一定的相关性。花粉形态在木犀属具有一定的系统学意义。     

First Quaternary fossil record of Polyplacophorans from southern South America

A diverse assemblages of well-preserved polyplacophoran shell plates is present in Holocene marine deposits along the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego (54°S). They represent the first fossil Quaternary report of polyplacophorans from southern South America. The taxa include Callochiton puniceus (Couthouy MS, Gould), Plaxiphora aurata (Spalowsky), Plaxiphora sp., Tonicia atrata (Sowerby), Tonicia calbucensis Plate, Tonicia chilensis (Frembly), and Tonicia lebruni de Rochebrune. The presence of these taxa in a transitory area between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans suggests that, in the recent past, the Beagle Channel acted as a path that facilitated faunal dispersion between the two oceans. These records also show an apparent stability of these faunas over a period of several thousand years (from ca. 7500 years BP to present).     

Variability in glacial and Holocene marine pollen records offshore from west southern Africa

The distribution of pollen in marine sediments is used to record vegetation changes over the past 30,000 years on the adjacent continent. A transect of marine pollen sequences from the mouth of the river Congo (∼5°S) to Walvis Bay and Lüderitz (∼25°S) shows vegetation changes in Congo, Angola and Namibia from the last glacial period into the Holocene. The comparison of pollen records from different latitudes provides information about the latitudinal shift of open forest and savannahs (Poaceae pollen), the extension of lowland forest (rain forest pollen) and Afromontane forest (Podocarpus pollen), and the position of the desert fringe (pollen of Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae). High Cyperaceae pollen percentages in sediments from the last glacial period off the mouth of the river Congo suggest the presence of open swamps rather than savannah vegetation in the Congo Basin. Pollen from Restionaceae in combination with Stoebe-type pollen (probably from Elytropappus) indicates a possible northwards extension of winter rain vegetation during the last glacial period. The record of Rhizophora (mangrove) pollen is linked to erosion of the continental shelf and sea-level rise. Pollen influx is highest off river mouths (10–2000 grains year⁻¹ cm⁻²), close to the coast (300–6000 grains year⁻¹ cm⁻²), but is an order of magnitude lower at sites situated far from the continent (<10 grains year⁻¹ cm⁻²).     

Vegetational change in the Balearic Islands (Spain) during the Holocene

New information about the vegetational history of the Balearic Islands during part of the Holocene derives from the results of a pollen study of a 20‐metre‐deep core from Cala Galdana on the SW coast of Minorca.

The lower part of the pollen diagram at the beginning of the Atlantic Period records significant quantities of pollen of Corylus and also local taxa indicating swamp vegetation. In the middle part, Corylus is greatly reduced, AP percentages decrease appreciably and Olea and Ericaceae reach important values, while Plantago Poaceae and Cerealia increase significantly. In the upper part, a rise in Chenopodiaceae occurs, during which a slight increase of the arboreal taxa takes place with greater dryness. Most recently, vegetation changes reflect human activity.     

Modern pollen/land-use relationships as an aid in the reconstruction of past land-uses and cultural landscapes: an example from south Sweden

An on-going, integrated project concerning modern pollen/vegetation/land-use relationships in south Sweden is outlined. Some preliminary results and their potential uses in palaeoecological reconstructions are discussed. Moss polsters were collected from 92 examples of vegetation/land-use areas of south Sweden (e.g. nonfertilized grazed areas, burned and grazed heaths, traditionally managed fodder-producing meadows, etc.). A total of 23 land-use (e.g. management type) and environment variables (e.g. soil chemistry) is available for 84 sites. The 84 sample data-set was analysed by canonical correspondence analysis and associated statistical testing using Monte Carlo permutation tests to explore and test patterns of modern pollen variation in relation to the environment, and by weighted averaging regression and calibration to derive local-scale environmental and land-use reconstructions from fossil pollen assemblages preserved in a soil profile.     

中国热带－亚热带地区晚第四纪植被与气候变化

根据华南地区第四纪孢粉分析资料,中国热带低海拔丘陵地区冰期气候的被要垂直植被带的下降,而西部山区的山地雨林被常绿一落叶阔叶混交林和要公林所替代。在亚热带地区则以铁杉属、山毛榉属、桦属、冷杉属及其它落叶叶组分的增加为特点。除了末次盛冰期（２０～１８ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）沿海平原的植被为稀树草地,气候环境凉干。在此之前的多次冰期一间冰期旋回华南地区主要表现为冷／热的气候变化,而湿度的变化较小,西部庙的的一些地