Antibody Cocktail Exhibits Broad Neutralization Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Virologica Sinica - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has precipitated multiple variants resistant to therapeutic antibodies. In this study, 12 high-affinity antibodies...     

The SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome

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新型冠状病毒的相关研究进展

2019年12月出现于湖北武汉的一种新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染所致肺炎疫情,给人类生命安全造成威胁。迄今为止,对2019年出现的SARS-CoV-2的研究仍处于起步阶段,本文就其相关研究进展进行综述,重点阐述了目前关于SARS-CoV-2的病原学与致病机制方面的研究成果,同时对其流行病学以及该病毒引发的肺炎临床特点加以总结,有助于读者及时了解SARS-CoV-2最新的研究动态,并为今后开展治疗药物及疫苗研发提供方向。     

Principles of SARS-CoV-2 glycosylation

The structure and post-translational processing of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) is intimately associated with the function of the virus and of sterilising vaccines. The surface of the S protein is extensively modified by glycans, and their biosynthesis is driven by both the wider cellular context, and importantly, the underlining protein structure and local glycan density. Comparison of virally derived S protein with both recombinantly derived and adenovirally induced proteins, reveal hotspots of protein-directed glycosylation that drive conserved glycosylation motifs. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that, while the S surface is extensively shielded by N-glycans, it presents regions vulnerable to neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, glycans have been shown to influence the accessibility of the receptor binding domain and the binding to the cellular receptor. The emerging picture is one of unifying, principles of S protein glycosylation and an intimate role of glycosylation in immunogen structure and efficacy.     

SARS-CoV-2 and the Nucleus

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 lacks a nuclear phase in its life cycle and is replicated in the cytoplasm. However, interfering with nuclear trafficking using pharmacological inhibitors greatly reduces virus infection and virus replication of other coronaviruses is blocked in enucleated cells, suggesting a critical role of the nucleus in virus infection. Here, we summarize the alternations of nuclear pathways caused by SARS-CoV-2, including nuclear translocation pathways, innate immune responses, mRNA metabolism, epigenetic mechanisms, DNA damage response, cytoskeleton regulation, and nuclear rupture. We consider how these alternations contribute to virus replication and discuss therapeutic treatments that target these pathways, focusing on small molecule drugs that are being used in clinical studies.     

Metal-based complexes against SARS-CoV-2

BioMetals - The first appearance of SARS-CoV-2 is dated back to 2019. This new member of the coronavirus family has caused more than 5 million deaths worldwide up until the end of January 2022. At...     

新型冠状病毒的糖基化、糖受体识别及糖链抑制剂的发现北大核心CSCD

新型冠状病毒疫情(COVID-19)是21世纪截至目前人类面对的最为严重的公共卫生事件。疫苗、中和抗体以及小分子化合药物的出现有效预防和阻止了COVID-19的快速传播,而不断出现的病毒突变体却使这些疫苗及药物的效价降低,这对COVID-19的预防及治疗提出了新的挑战。新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)通常会先黏附于呼吸道表面的大分子糖链——硫酸乙酰肝素,进而与特异性受体人血管紧张素转化酶2(human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,hACE2)结合,从而实现对人体的侵入。SARS-CoV-2的刺突(spike,S)蛋白是高度糖基化的,而糖基化对于hACE2与S蛋白的结合也有着重要影响,S蛋白在宿主体内还会被一系列凝集素受体所结合,这意味着糖链在SARS-CoV-2的入侵及感染过程中有着重要的作用。基于SARS-CoV-2的糖基化及糖受体识别机制开发糖链抑制剂可能是预防或治疗新型冠状病毒感染的有效手段,相关研究发现海洋来源的硫酸化多糖、肝素分子及其他的一些糖类具有抗SARS-CoV-2的活性。本文系统阐述了新型冠状病毒的糖基化及其糖链在入侵、感染中的作用,并对抗SARS-CoV-2糖链抑制剂的发现和机制研究现状进行了总结,在此基础上还对糖类抗病毒药物的机遇与挑战进行了展望。     

An epidemiological model for SARS-CoV-2

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is here investigated from an epidemic model considering four pathways of person-to-person transmission. These pathways represent the propagation of this novel coronavirus by asymptomatic and symptomatic infected individuals. In this work, analytical expressions for the disease-free and endemic steady-states are derived. Also, the conditions for eradication of this contagious disease are determined. By taking into account realistic parameter values, the proposed model shows an oscillatory convergence to the endemic steady-state, which means the occurrence of a sequence of peaks in the number of sick individuals as time passes. These results are discussed from a public health standpoint.     

Overview of SARS-CoV-2 genome-encoded proteins

Science China Life Sciences - Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, plus-stranded RNA virus with a...     

A lipidomic view of SARS-CoV-2

The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which started in late 2019, has caused huge social and economic losses. A growing number of investigators are focusing on understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cellular processes to find therapeutic approaches. New data suggest that lipid metabolism may play a significant role in regulating the response of immune cells like macrophages to viral infection, thereby affecting the outcome of the disease. Therefore, understanding the role of lipid metabolism could help develop new therapeutic approaches to mitigate the social and economic cost of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).     

Experimental Models for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the identity, functional characteristics and therapeutic targets of the virus and the diseases, appropriate infection models that recapitulate the in vivo pathophysiology of the viral infection are necessary. This article reviews the various infection models, including Vero cells, human cell lines, organoids, and animal models, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. This knowledge will be helpful for establishing an efficient system for defense against emerging infectious diseases.