八种野豌豆属植物的核型研究

本文研究了八种野豌豆的核型,并首次报道了长尖野豌豆的染色体数目及其核型和新疆野豌豆的核型。同时提出了野豌豆属核型进化的两种趋势:原始基数的减少,从x=7→x=6→x=5;从多年生进化到一年生,核型的不对称性也随之增加。     

草菇(Volvariella volvacea)、银丝草菇(V.bombycina)原生质体分离研究

本文对草菇、银丝草菇菌丝原生质体制备的最佳条件作了探讨。结果表明,培养两天的草菇菌丝,以0.5MKCI或0.5MMgSO_(4.7)H_2O作渗透压稳定剂,1.5％Lywallzyme(v/m),35℃下酶解1.5—2小时,原生质体产量可达1.5×10~6个/ml以上,培养3天的银丝草菇菌丝,以0.5MKCl作渗透压稳定剂,1.5％Lywallzyme,28℃酶解2—3小时,原生质体产量可达2.8×10~6个/ml以上。此研究对以后的原生质体融合育种打下了基础。     

Effect of concentrating and exposing the bioluminescent bacteria to the non‐luminescent allo‐bacterial extracellular products on their luminescence

Bioluminescence is a biochemical process occurring in many organisms. Bacterial bioluminescence has been investigated extensively that lead to many applications of such knowledge. Quorum sensing in the bioluminescent bacteria is a chemical signal process to recognize the strength of its own population to start luminescence in harmony. There is a mechanism in these bacteria to also recognize inter‐species strength. When there is a higher number of these bacteria, the possibility and frequency of cell–cell physical contact will be high. In this study, the physical proximity was artificially enhanced between cells and the effect on luminescence in the concentrated cells in the normal culture medium and in the presence of other non‐bacterial cell‐free supernatants was investigated. The role of such physical contact in the quorum sensing in the bioluminescence is not known. Increase in the luminescence of V. fischeri when concentrated shows that the presence of physical proximity facilitates the quorum sensing for their bioluminescence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东北地区野豌豆属VICIA L.物种生物学研究——Ⅵ.柳叶野豌豆复合种及其近缘种核型分析和细胞地理学研究

本文报道了国产北野豌豆Vicia ramuliflra(Maxim.)Ohwi和日本产V.fauviei Franch.和V.nipponica Matsum.的核型。北野豌豆古莲居群2n=12=2m(2SAT)+8sm+2st, 千山居群2n=12=6m+6sm。V.fauriei 2n=12=2m+8sm+2st, V.nipponica 2n=12=6m(4SAT)+4sm+2st, 核型分析表明核型主要由'm'、'sm'和'st'三种染色体组成, 核型对称性高(2A或3A)。染色体倍性分布格局, 形态特征和现代分布式样揭示黄山-西天目山-庐山-带山地可能是柳叶野豌豆复合种及其近缘种的起源中心和多样化中心, 四倍体的发生可能与第四纪山地冰川有关。     

Discovery of pheophytin function in the photosynthetic energy conversion as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II

This minireview describes the discovery of participation of pheophytin, a metal-free derivative of chlorophyll, in the early steps of photosynthetic solar energy conversion as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

缬草属一些存疑种的考订

本文对缬草属的3个存疑种进行了考证和确定,它们是:鞭枝缬草Valeriana flagellifera Bet.;全叶缬草V.hiemalis Graebn.;毛口缬草V.trichostoma Hand.-Mazz.     

油桐和木油数核型的研究

油桐Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.)和木油树V. montana Lour. (A. montana (Lour.) Wils.)为大戟科油桐属Vernicia Lour. 植物,全世界共3种,上述两种为原产我国的重要木本油料植物,长江以南各省(区)广为栽培。细胞学方面,这两个种的染色体计数有过不少报道,均为n=11。本文旨在提供这两种植物核型比较分析的资料,以冀有助于它们选种育种工作。     

药用钩藤和类钩藤的比较

本文首次从植物形态、种皮纹饰的扫描电镜观察,叶柄、茎组织构造、内部次生代谢产物-吲哚生物碱等方面对茜草科Rubiaceae,钩藤属Uncaria的钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.)Miq.ex Havil.与类钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylloides How进行了详细比较。认为类钩藤应是独立种,钩藤碱的含量在检测量之下,不能混入钩藤同样药用。     

Germacranolides and diterpenes from Viguiera species

The investigation of six Viguiera species afforded in addition to known compounds two new diterpenes, the 9,11-dehydro derivatives of trachylobanic and stachenic acid, two new heliangolides closely related to viguiestenin, and the acetate of falcarinol. The chemotaxonomic situation is discussed briefly.     

东北地区野豌豆属VICIAL．物种生物学研究Ⅶ．歪头菜及其近缘种核型分析

本文报道了歪头菜Ｖ．ｕｎｉｊｕｇａＡ．Ｂｒ．及其近缘种Ｖ．ｂｉｆｏｌｉａＮａｋａｉ的核型。歪头菜Ｖ．ｕｎｉｊｕｇａＡ．Ｂｒ．Ｚｎ＝２４＝８ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ和２ｎ＝１２＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ．ＲｂｉｆｏｌｉａＮａｂａｉ;２ｎ＝１２＝４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ．核型分析表明四倍体细胞型是一个同源多倍体。二倍体四倍体细胞型分布式样表明二倍体细胞型占据着较为偏北的区域。根据核型一致性,我们认为将Ｖ．ｂｉｆｏｌｉａ仍处理为歪头菜的变种ｖａｒ．ｂｒａｃｔｅａｔａ更为合适。     

Virulence of luminescent and non-luminescent isogenic vibrios towards gnotobiotic Artemia franciscana larvae and specific pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp

Aims:  This study was conducted to test the virulence of luminescent (L) and non-luminescent (NL) isogenic strains of Vibrio campbellii LMG21363, Vibrio harveyi BB120 (wild type) and quorum-sensing mutant strains derived from the wild type such as Vibrio harveyi BB152, BB170, MM30 and BB886.
Methods and Results:  The NL strains could be obtained by culturing rifampicin-resistant luminescent strains in the dark under static condition. The virulence of the L and NL strains was tested in gnotobiotic Artemia franciscana larvae challenged with 10⁴ CFU ml⁻¹ of bacteria. All luminescent isogenic tested strains showed higher virulence compared to the NL strains. The virulence of L and NL V. campbellii and V. harveyi BB120 was also tested in specific pathogen-free juvenile shrimp upon intramuscular injection with 10⁶ CFU of bacteria. In contrast with Artemia , there was no significant difference in mortality between the groups challenged with L and NL strains ( P  > 0·05). The non-luminescent strains were not able to revert back to the luminescent state and quorum sensing did not influence this phenotypic shift.
Conclusions:  Luminescent Vibrio strains can switch to a non-luminescent state by culturing them in static conditions. The NL strains become less virulent as verified in Artemia .
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The luminescent state of Vibrio cells in a culture needs to be verified in order to assure maintenance of virulence.     

Reconstitution of the purified calmodulin-dependent (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from smooth muscle

The purified calmodulin dependent (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase (CaMg ATPase) from porcine antral smooth muscle transports Ca2+ after reconstitution in lipid vesicles indicating that this enzyme is indeed a Ca2+-transport ATPase. For CaMg ATPase reconstituted in asolectin vesicles a good correlation was found between the time course of Ca2+ accumulation and the corresponding changes in CaMg ATPase activity. The ATPase activity was stimulated 8-fold by A23187, which further indicates a tight coupling between ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ transport. Asolectin vesicles with incorporated enzyme accumulated Ca2+ with a ratio approaching one Ca2+ ion transported for each ATP hydrolyzed. For CaMg ATPase reconstituted in phosphatidylcholine vesicles on the other hand, Ca2+ transport and CaMg ATPase were poorly coupled as is shown by the approximately 3.5 fold stimulation by A23187. The activity of the CaMg ATPase when reconstituted in asolectin vesicles was stimulated 1.25 fold by calmodulin while in phosphatidylcholine a value of 4.25 was obtained. The CaMg ATPase activity of the enzyme reconstituted either in asolectin or phosphatidylcholine was, after its stimulation by A23187, still further stimulated by detergent by a factor of 5.     

小包脚菇属一新种*

本文报道小包脚菇属一新种:冬小包脚菇Volvariella brumalis He sp.nov,新种在冬天生长在油菜(Brassica campestris L.var.oleifera DC.)或小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)田中地上,下连土中稻桩,子实体形成温度为4-14℃。本文研究的标本保藏在贵州科学院生物研究所真菌标本室。     

Phospholipases as possible virulence factor in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Phospholipase C activity was elevated in pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from patients. Phospholipase A activity was more pronounced in the nonpathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from water. Extracts of the strains containing phospholipase C and A activity but no thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) were capable of producing lesions in guinea pig skin indicating the presence of a toxic factor other than TDH. It is suggested that the toxic factor may be phospholipase C since the purified enzyme from Clostridium perfringens produced a similar reaction in guinea pig skin.