黄槐叶片培养过程中器官发生的研究

以黄槐（ＣａｓｓｉａｓｕｒａｔｔｅｎｓｉｓＢｕｒｍ．ｆ．）幼嫩叶片为材料,接种于ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１ｐｐｍ＋２,４－Ｄ１ｐｐｍ＋６－ＢＡ２ｐｐｍ的培养基上,诱导形成两种形态的愈伤组织,即致密愈伤组织与雪花状愈伤组织．将愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ：１ｐｐｍ＋６－ＢＡ２ｐｐｍ的分化培养基上．仅致密型愈伤组织经过球状体至不定芽途径形成大量再生植株。扫描电镜及组织细胞学观察表明,致密愈伤组织表层细胞排列紧密,有许多分生细胞团,而雪花状愈伤组织表层细胞薄壁化,分裂能力很低。球状体起源于致密愈伤组织表层的分生细胞团,其细胞有极强的分生能力,顶端可以分化发育成不定芽原基,最后形成不定芽并发育成小植株。球状体可以看成是具有形成不定芽能力的繁殖单位．     

Shoot Organogenesis from Immature Zygotic Embryo Cultures of Ginkgo biloba

Immature zygotic embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin or with various concentrations of 2,4-D alone. The maximum number (8 per embryo) of adventitious buds formed from cotyledons of heart stage embryos cultured on MS medium with 1 mg dm⁻³ BA and 0.01 mg dm⁻³ NAA. The adventitious buds originated from procambial strands of immature embryo cotyledons and then developed into adventitious bud primordia within 20 d. Adventitious buds transferred to hormone free MS medium grew into shoots, but did not produce plantlets because the shoots failed to root. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

红籽鸢尾高频离体再生条件的初步筛选

红籽鸢尾(Iris foetidissima Linn.)为鸢尾科(Iridaceae)鸢尾属(Iris Linn.)多年生草本植物,原产于西欧和非洲北部。该种的叶鞘呈深绿色剑形,蒴果饱满且蒴果成熟开裂后露出红、橙黄和白等不同色泽的种子并一直垂挂到翌年春天,集观花、观叶和观果为一体,观赏价值较高。另外,该种还具有耐寒性好、在长江中下游地区四季常绿、适应性强及耐粗放管理等优     

Root-to-shoot primordium conversion on Sesbania rostrata Brem. stem explants

The morphogenetic responses of cultured stem explants of Sesbaniarostrata Brem. from various positions along the stem axis wereanalysed after treatment with four growth regulators (BAP, NAA,kinetin, and GAJ. Internodal explants formed adventitious shootbuds when cultured on a Murashige and Skoog basal medium withoutadded growth regulators. Histological studies of regenerated shoot buds revealed thatapproximately 30% of the buds resulted from the conversion ofa preformed root primordium (characteristic of this species)into a shoot bud without a callogenesis phase. Each bud whichoriginated from a single root primordium grew into a leafy shoot.Preformed root primordia of stem explants of Sesbania rostratamay constitute an excellent model for physiological researchon plant differentiation. Key words: Organogenesis, adventitious bud, preformed root primordium, conversion, Sesbania rostrata     

大岩桐叶片培养再生植株的研究

以大岩桐（Ｓｉｎｎｉｎｇｉａ ｓｐｅｃｉｏｓａ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．ｅｔ Ｈｏｏｋ）叶片为试材,接种于ＭＳ附加不同激素组合的培养基上,成功地经愈伤组织至球状体至不定芽途径形成大量再生植株并移栽成活。在各种细胞分裂素中,６－苄基嘌呤（ＢＡ）的效果优于激动素（ＫＴ）。生长素萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）与ＢＡ及ＫＴ配合使用时愈伤组织诱导、球状体分化及不定芽增殖均有明显的增效作用。其最适宜的培养基组成为：ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ     

无融合生殖油菜AMR—1花托离体培养的研究

报道了不同激素浓度对无融合生殖没菜花托器官分化效果的研究,结果显示：（１）以ＭＳ为基本培养基,以带有子房和花柄的花托为外植体离体培养,花托、花柄切口部位直接芽诱导的最佳激素配比为４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,频率为５８．８２％,花托、花柄部位先形成愈伤组织,继而分化出丛生芽的最佳激素配比为５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ６－ＢＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,频率为８４．００％;（２）腋芽增殖的最佳     

红厚壳茎段丛生芽诱导与植株再生

红厚壳(Calophyllum inophyllum)为藤黄科红厚壳属多年生木本植物,有很高的药用价值。该研究以红厚壳带节茎段为外植体,探讨生长调节剂对腋芽萌发及丛生芽诱导、伸长和试管苗生根的影响。研究结果表明,外植体腋芽萌发和丛生芽诱导效果最好的培养基是MS+NAA1.0+TDZ0.5,在此条件下培养21天后,转入添加0.5 g·L–1活性炭且无生长调节剂的MS培养基,可有效促进不定芽的伸长。将带不定芽的外植体先在附加1.0 mg·L–1NAA的1/2MS培养基上进行生根诱导4周,之后转入附加1.0 g·L–1活性炭的无激素培养基进行根的伸长培养,这样的两步生根法能有效促进红厚壳生根。     

Tissue Culture and Plant Regeneration of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

In this paper , plumules, cotyledons, hypocotyls, blades, petioles and stalks of physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L. ) were used as explants, and callus induction and plant regeneration were studied on MS medium contained different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA. The results showed that the MS medium with 5.0 mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L NAA was the best for callus induction, and with 5.0mg/L BA and 0.1mg/L NAA, for formation of adventitious bud, and with 1.0mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L NAA, for bud growth, and that 1􊄯2 MS medium with 1.0 mg/L NAA was the best for formation and growth of adventitious root .     

小黑杨快繁与再生体系的优化

利用已获得小黑杨无菌苗叶片,研究不同培养基和植物激素对不定芽诱导、丛生苗抽茎及幼苗生根的影响。结果表明：培养基和激素对小黑杨叶片不定芽的诱导及幼苗生根有一定影响。小黑杨叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基：MS+6 BA 0.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1,诱导率为100%。丛生苗诱导的最佳培养基：MS+6-BA 0.2 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1。幼苗生根的最佳培养基有两种：MS+NAA 0.25 mg·L^-1或MH+IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1,生根率大于99%。     

Enhanced bud and bulblet regeneration from bulbs of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Nerine sarniensis</Emphasis> cultured in vitro

Nerine (Nerine sarniensis) cv. Salmon Supreme in vitro-grown bulblets, 7-9 mm in diameter, were cut in half longitudinally and used for adventitious bud initiation following dissection of the roots and two-thirds of the upper part of the bulblets. The terminal apex was injured with a hot, sterile microscope dissecting needle. The highest number of buds formed (seven to nine buds per halved bulblet) on a semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and either 1 microM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1 microM alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 0.5 microM BA and 0.1 microM NAA. Bulblet halves were cultured in the dark for 11-13 weeks with one subculture after 6 weeks. Anatomical studies indicated that the initiation of adventitious buds on the abaxial side of the inner scales of the halved bulblet was adjacent to the basal plate and started from the leaf primordium and a meristematic bulge. Buds developed directly into small bulblets after they were transferred to semi-solid MS basal salts medium supplemented with 6% sucrose, 10 microM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.25% activated charcoal. Small bulblets cultured in liquid MS medium supplemented with additional KH(2)PO(4 )(170 mg l(-1)), 6% sucrose and 0.1 microM NAA under a 16/8-h (light/dark) photoperiod for 8 weeks grew into larger bulbs faster than those cultured on semi-solid medium. The bulbs were rooted on a semi-solid medium after 4 weeks and then transferred to the soil. As many as 18 bulblets developed and rooted from one in vitro-grown bulb after 25-27 weeks.     

Morphogenetic pathway in petiole derived callus of Amorphophallus albus in vitro

Two different morphogenetic pathways, adventitious bud and corm-like structure (CLS), were observed on organogenic calli derived from the petioles of Amorphophallus albus in vitro. The organogenic calli was established via culture of petiole segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l⁻¹ α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzyladenine (BA) and subculture of the petiole-derived calli on MS medium with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg l⁻¹ BA. These organogenic calli were used to induce morphogenesis via culture on MS medium with various concentrations of NAA and BA. BA alone favoured adventitious bud differentiation (57.0 ± 8.3% at maximum) from the organogenic calli but inhibited CLS formation. In the presence of NAA and BA, both adventitious bud and CLS were observed in a same culture system. The maximum CLS formation (71.2 ± 9.3%) were found on MS medium with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 2.0 mg l⁻¹ BA, associated with 26.7 ± 8.6% adventitious bud differentiation. A small part of the adventitious buds developed into normal shoots which needed rooting culture phase to form complete plants. About 80% survival rate was obtained with these plants after transplantation to soil. More than 90% of the CLSs produced complete plants with shoots and root systems, regardless of the rooting media tested. Transplantation of the CLS-derived plants to soil gave 100% survival rate. Histological observations revealed both the two morphogenetic events originated from the meristematic cells located in superficial layers of callus tissue.     

大果良种沙棘愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

大果良种沙棘的幼嫩茎尖,茎段外植体接种在MS,1／2MS附加不同浓度配比的IAA,IBA,BA,NAA培养基上可诱导茎尖及腋芽生长,将诱导产生的无性系芽接种在MS或1／2MS附加BA0．3－0．5mg/L,NAA0．05mg/L的培养基上可形成丛生芽,同时在小叶片和嫩茎上诱导产生愈伤组织,继续培养愈伤组织表面形成大量的绿色突起,进一步分化成不定芽,在相同培养基上,不定芽上可直接产生不定芽,从而形成多达数百个的不定芽族,不定芽长至3cm时切下转至1／2MS附加IAA或IBA 0．2mg/L的培养基上可生根而形成完整 的再生植株。     

台湾金线莲增殖培养正交试验设计

以台湾金线莲试管苗茎段为外植体,应用L9（3^4）正交试验设计优选不定芽增殖培养基,结果表明,基本培养基、6-BA、NAA、蔗糖对不定芽增殖培养均有极显著影响,其作用表现为：蔗糖〉基本培养基〉6-BA〉NAA,最适宜的增殖培养基为1／2MS＋6-BA3．0mg／L＋NAA0．6mg／L＋蔗糖10g／L。     

黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片不定芽诱导影响因素分析及再生体系建立

以黑莓(Rubus spp.)品种‘Arapaho’无菌苗叶片为外植体,通过正交和单因素实验分别研究了基本培养基类型、6-BA和1BA质量浓度以及暗培养时间、外植体的叶位和接种方式对不定芽诱导的影响,并研究了IBA质量浓度对不定芽生根的影响;在此基础上,初步建立了黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系.正交实验结果表明:基本培养基类型对叶片不定芽诱导率及平均不定芽数的影响最大,而IBA质量浓度对叶片不定芽诱导率及6-BA质量浓度对平均不定芽数的影响较小;适宜‘Arapaho’叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为含有2.0mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基.单因素实验结果表明:暗培养时间、外植体的叶位及接种方式对不定芽诱导率有显著影响;最适宜的暗培养时间为21 d;植株中、上部叶片的再生能力较强,其中第3和第4位叶的不定芽诱导效果最佳;叶面朝上接种更有利于不定芽的诱导.在含0.2 mg·L-1 IBA的MS培养基中,不定芽生根率达100.0％,且根数多、长势良好.黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系为:以无菌苗的第3和第4位叶为外植体,经过适当修剪后叶面朝上接种于含有2.0 mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上,暗培养21 d后置于光照条件下培养30 d;将不定芽转接到含有0.5 mg·L-16-BA和0.3mg·L-1 NAA的MS培养基上进行继代培养;当不定芽高约2 cm时转接到含有0.2 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上进行生根培养,最终获得完整植株.     

小桐子的组织培养和植株再生

以小桐子（Jatropha curcas）的胚芽、子叶、下胚轴、叶柄、叶片和茎段作为外植体,用不同浓度的6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和α-萘乙酸（NAA）对其进行愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生的研究。结果表明：在MS培养基中加入5．0mg／L6-BA和1．0mg／LNAA对愈伤组织的诱导效果最好;加入5．0mg／L6-BA和0．1mg／LNAA对不定芽的诱导最为有效,加入0．1mg／L6-BA和1．0mg／LNAA有利于芽的生长;加入1．0mg／LNAA的1／2MS培养基对生根最为有利。     

Organogenesis of Lear Explants of Momordica grosvenori Swingle In Vitro

Leaves of Momordica grosvenori Swingle were used as experimatal material. Plantlets were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 1 ppm and IBA 0.5 ppm. Histocytological observations on adventitious bud formation were carried out. After 1 week in culture, mesophyll cells obviously enlarged, cell divisions began in the mesophyll cells near the cut ends of explants, and meristemoids which consisted of small dark stained cells without chloroplasts were produced. Then meristemoids continued to proliferate and redifferentiated into many leaf-shaped bodies. Three weeks after cultivation, adiventitious buds were produced from meristemoids at surface layer of leaf-shaped body. The stem of plantlet was cut off when it reached 2 cm in height, and then was transferred onto MS basic medium supplemented with NAA 0.25–0.5 ppm for rooting. About 10 days after cultivation, vigorous root system was produced from the cut end of plantlets. It is possible that this technique of obtaining whole plants by leaf explant culture provides a method for the multiplication of the good individual plants of M. grosvenori.     

Regeneration of plants from leaflet explants of tissue culture raised safed siris (Albizia procera)

Shoot bud regeneration was obtained from isolated leaflets of Albizia procera cultured on MS medium with various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest numbers of adventitious buds were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 10 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. The replacement of 7 g l-1 Difco bacto agar with 2.6 g l-1 Phytagel in the medium enhanced adventitious bud regeneration. Further, addition of 15 μM silver nitrate promoted callus-free shoot regeneration from leaf explants. The regenerated shoot buds were elongated on MS medium containing 0.01 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. Rooting was obtained on modified MS medium supplemented with 2 μM IBA. To our knowledge this is the first report of direct regeneration of shoots from leaflet explants in A. procera, and should help facilitate genetic transformation in this species. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

“丹莓1号”草莓脱毒组培快繁技术研究

以适合东北地区生长的"丹莓1号"草莓优良品种为研究对象,系统开展脱毒组培快繁技术研究。以"丹莓1号"草莓的茎尖为外植体,考察了不同植物激素对于不定芽诱导、增殖及生根的影响,同时也考察了移栽基质对于组培苗驯化成活的影响,确定了MS+1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 2,4-D为茎尖不定芽诱导的最佳培养基,MS+1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.3 mg·L^-1 NAA为不定芽增殖的最佳培养基,MS+0.4 mg·L^-1 IBA为不定芽生根的最佳培养基,苗圃土：蛭石：珍珠岩=1：2：1为草莓组培苗成活率最高的移栽基质。本研究为"丹莓1号"优良草莓品种脱毒苗的规模化繁育奠定了理论基础。     

菊芋试管苗的初代培养及愈伤组织不定芽诱导

菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus Linn.）为菊科（Asteraceae）向日葵属（Helianthus Linn.）多年生草本植物,耐寒、耐旱、耐贫瘠、耐盐碱[1];其地下块茎富含菊糖,还可通过发酵生产乙醇,在功能性食用多糖及生物能源方面的开发潜力巨大。菊芋主要通过块茎进行无性繁殖,其种子成活率和发芽率均很低[2],严重阻碍了菊芋的杂交育种。近年来以植物组织培养为基础的一系列现代育种技术为菊芋的种质改良提供了新途径,但由于菊芋的愈伤组织难以诱导不定芽或体胚发生,导致以农杆菌转化为主的转基因育种技术的应用受到限制。     

茎杆的第一节间离体再生空心菜

以空心菜（Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.）品种‘白骨柳叶’为材料,通过筛选植物外植体和调整培养基激素配比等方法,首次建立了茎秆第一节间为外植体的空心菜离体再生体系。结果表明,在MS基本培养上添加0.05% 的植物组织培养抗菌剂PPM可获得大量空心菜无菌苗;植株子叶和下胚轴的切段均未诱导出不定芽,而茎秆第一节间为外植体能成功诱导出不定芽,诱导成功率为20%,最佳培养基配方为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IAA;不定芽诱导生根的最佳培养基配方为1/2 MS+0.1 mg/L NAA,生根率为100%。诱导成功后,将完整的再生苗移栽至基质土中,成活率可达100%。