橄榄星室木虱的种群动态及药剂防治

橄榄星室木虱在福建省莆田地区 1年发生 8代 ,世代重叠 ,以成虫越冬 ,1年中有 6个发生高峰期 ,以橄榄秋梢期为全年雌成虫产卵、若虫发生最高峰 ,夏梢期是成虫羽化全年最高峰。田间药效试验结果表明 ,1 5种杀虫剂对橄榄星室木虱都有较好的防效 ,持效期可长达 7d以上 ,药后 7d的防效都在90 %以上 ,但速效性差异较大。其中 ,以 1 %威宝乳油 2 0 0 0倍、2 5 %功夫菊酯乳油 2 0 0 0倍、2 5 %功夫菊酯 +1 0 %吡虫啉 ( 1 2 5∶1 ) 2 0 0 0倍和 2 5 %功夫菊酯 +1 0 %吡虫啉 ( 1∶2 ) 2 0 0 0倍对橄榄星室木虱效果最好 ,速效性好 ,药后 1d的防效均达 91 5 8%以上。     

橄榄星室木虱实验种群生命表

从 2 0 0 2年 7月 1 8日到 9月 3 0日 ,在莆田市城厢区组建了橄榄星室木虱实验种群生命表 ,并对生命表进行了分析。实验结果表明 ,橄榄星室木虱的种群趋势指数I为 3 7 .2 2 ,世代死亡率为 68 0 7% ,内禀增长力rm 为 0 . 1 1 1 ,周限增长速率λ为 1 . 1 1 7,净繁殖率R0 为 41. 5 64,世代平均周期T为 3 3. 7d ,双倍时间为 7d。     

寄主植物对橄榄星室木虱自然种群的影响

通过野外调查和室内测试,结果表明:橄榄星室木虱Pseudophacopteron canarium在橄榄Canarium album和乌榄C.nigrum上均能完成生长发育,且其种群数量都有不同程度的增长,其中橄榄的2个品系间的星室木虱种群趋势指数(I)差异不大,分别为24.4165和20.0738,而乌榄的明显比橄榄的低,仅为9.7575,即乌榄的木虱数量增速较慢。在供试的寄主植物品种中,乌榄叶片中单宁含量是橄榄的3倍以上,而蛋白质含量相对较低。     

橄榄星室木虱的研究

记述橄榄星室木虱Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang et Li的外部形态、生活习性、天敌种类和药剂防治试验。此虫在福州一年发生7～9代,第一代成虫始见于4月下旬,世代重叠明显,一年中的7月上旬至9月上旬先后出现三个成虫高峰,而以9月上旬的成虫数量最多。药剂防治试验表明,20%灭扫利防效最好,喷药后第2d药效达96.5%;其次是10%溴氟菊酯,喷药后第2d药效达到93.8%;此外,2.5%敌杀死、40%氧化乐果与80%敌敌畏等药效也在81%～90%。天敌种类繁多,诸如瓢虫、草蛉、郭公虫、蜘蛛与捕食螨等。尤以瓢虫的种类和数量都相当多,在抑制橄榄星室木虱的种群消长中起了重要的作用。研究工作还包括首次引用绿僵菌属(Metarhizium)于橄榄星室木虱之防治,开辟了该虫防治的新途径。     

吡虫啉与高效氯氰菊酯复配对橄榄星室木虱的增效作用

测定了吡虫啉与高效氯氰菊酯对橄榄星室木虱的毒力及其最佳复配比例。结果表明 ,高效氯氰菊酯与吡虫啉按 2 :3的比例复配 ,增效作用最为明显 ,共毒系数达到 2 6 7。按此比例配成 5 %的制剂 ,对田间橄榄星室木虱有较好的防治效果 ,15 0 0倍、2 0 0 0倍、2 5 0 0倍药液 1天后的防效达 37.88- 6 5 .14 % ,3天达 70 .19-89.37% ,2 1天达 92 .36 - 10 0 %。     

橄榄星室木虱药剂防治研究

橄榄星室术虱Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang et Li隶同翅目木虱科,是橄榄新梢的重要害虫。近年来,橄榄星室术虱在橄榄上严重发生为害,造成新梢难于抽发,树势衰弱,致使橄榄减产和品质下降,给橄榄生产威胁极大。对橄榄星室木虱以化学药剂防治为主,     

吡虫啉与高效氯氰菊酯复配对橄榄星室木虱的曾效作用

测定了吡虫与高效氯氰菊酯对橄榄星室木虱的毒力及其最佳复配比例.结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯与吡虫啉按23的比例复配,增效作用最为明显,共毒系数达到267.按比例配成5%的制剂,对田间橄榄星室木虱有较好的防治效果,1500倍、2000倍、2500倍药液1天后的防效达37.88-65.14%,3天达70.19-89.37%,21天达92.36-100%.     

红基盘瓢虫对橄榄星室木虱捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究

在实验室条件下研究了红基盘瓢虫对橄榄星室木虱的捕食作用。红基盘瓢虫对橄榄星室木虱的功能反应符合ＨｏｌｌｉｎｇⅡ型,而两种瓢虫（红基盘瓢虫和红星盘瓢虫）共同作用于橄榄星室木虱的功能反应符合ＨｏｌｌｉｎｇⅢ型（Ｓ型）。红基盘瓢虫对自身密度的功能反应可用Ｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｔｏｎ模型拟合;其搜索效率与个体间相互干扰的关系呈幂函数下降,可用Ｈａｓｓｅｌｌ＆Ｖａｒｌｅｙ模型模拟;搜索效率与猎物密度、自身密度间的关系为     

福建省烟粉虱种群消长动态及影响因素分析

【目的】为了探究福建省烟粉虱Bemisiatabaci(Gennadius)种群消长动态及其影响因素,提高监测与防控水平。【方法】选择代表福建南北两地的漳州和建瓯蔬菜生产地开展露地和温室大棚烟粉虱种群数量的系统调查,并在室内测定了不同温度对烟粉虱生长发育及繁殖的影响。【结果】漳州露地烟粉虱周年发生,种群季节性消长呈现两个高峰,即6月中下旬-7月上中旬的夏季高峰和11月上中旬的秋季高峰;建瓯大棚内烟粉虱亦周年发生,且与漳州露地种群消长动态基本同步;建瓯露地烟粉虱始见期为3月下旬,种群夏季高峰在7月中下旬,秋季高峰期在10月中下旬。烟粉虱卵、1龄若虫、2龄若虫、3龄若虫和4龄若虫+拟蛹的发育起点温度分别为13.77、14.98、9.60、7.97、12.56℃,有效积温分别为77.25、29.13、49.62、65.03和65.13日·度,结合2015-2017年气象资料,推算出烟粉虱在建瓯和漳州年发生代数分别为11-12代和13-14代。【结论】气温是影响烟粉虱种群消长的关键因子,21-27℃是B型烟粉虱发育的适宜温度,低于20℃和高于30℃均不利于烟粉的生长发育和繁殖。当旬平均气温稳定在20℃以上时种群数量快速上升,当旬平均气温持续保持在30℃以上时种群数量呈回落态势。     

佛冈县不同类型橘园柑橘木虱的种群动态

[目的] 明确佛冈县不同类型橘园柑橘木虱的种群动态,为当地柑橘木虱及柑橘黄龙病的防治工作提供科学依据。[方法] 通过2015-2016年的系统调查,对广东省佛冈县砂糖橘园的柑橘木虱种群消长动态进行研究,对比分析了不同处理措施对柑橘木虱种群数量的影响。[结果] 1-3月柑橘木虱发生危害较轻,随着嫩梢增多,其种群数量开始上升,6-9月为种群发生高峰期,期间出现多个发生高峰,10月之后种群数量逐渐进入消退期,种群数量维持在较低水平;2015、2016年佛冈县柑橘木虱的季节性消长动态基本一致,但种群发生量存在明显差别;3种不同类型橘园内柑橘木虱种群发生数量也存在显著差异,常年失管橘园柑橘木虱种群发生数量最高,常规水肥管理橘园次之,二者均显著高于常规水肥管理及化学防治橘园。[结论] 化学防治可在一定程度上控制柑橘木虱的种群数量,及时清理失管橘园对控制柑橘木虱和柑橘黄龙病传播至关重要。     

Life history and population dynamics of the western mosquitofish: a comparison of natural and introduced populations

Life history and population dynamic patterns of Gambusia affinis in southeastern Louisiana varied spatially and temporally in 1990 and 1991, but were consistent with previous reports of this species in the southern regions of its natural range. Several differences exist among populations in different geographic regions within the United States, as reported in the literature, which do not follow a' native v . introduced' dichotomy: (1) brood size decreases and offspring size increases from north to south; (2) large overwintered females in northern areas produce more broods within a season than those in southern populations, while the reverse is true for young-of–year females; (3) minimum size at first reproduction follows a seasonal pattern within populations, but tends to be smaller in southern and larger in northern and Hawaiian populations; (4) synchronous reproduction early in the season is characteristic of northern populations, but does not occur in southern areas; and (5) mosquitofish reproduce year–round in Hawaii, while 'southern' populations within the continental U.S. cease reproduction during winter.     

Life history and population dynamics of Atriplex triangularis

The dynamics of a population of the stoloniferous Potentilla anserina was studied during four years. The mortality of established ramets followed a log-linear pattern superimposed on a seasonal fluctuation with an increased mortality during the period of vegetative spread. The major external mortality factors were unfavourable weather conditions such as drought and freezing. The turnover rate of the population was slow (31.6 yr). Vegetative spread dominated the recruitment to the population. Seedlings occurred but were exposed to a much higher mortality than vegetative daughter ramets. The juvenile period of seedlings is at least 4 yr in the field. This contrast to vegetative daughter ramets which are potentially flowering and stoloniferous the year after they are established, even if age affects both reproduction and vegetative spread. The density of most of the population is below the level where intraspecific regulative effects operate. However, in very dense stands both stolon and flower production were negatively density dependent.Nomenclature follows Lid (1974), Norsk og Svensk Flora, 2nd ed. Oslo.I am indebted to Lenn Jerling, Peter Torstensson, Anders Telenius and Gudrún Jónsdóttir for their help, and inspiring criticism throughout this study.     

龙眼角颊木虱生物学特性及防治研究

龙眼角颊木虱是龙眼的主要害虫,以成虫和若虫为害龙眼新梢嫩叶。在厦门市同安区一年发生六代,主害代为经一代于３月下旬至４月中旬和第五代于９月中旬至１０月上旬。本报道了该虫在不同温度下各虫态的发育历期,发现各个世代若虫都有滞育的现象,研究分析了若虫滞育对越冬虫源,主害代虫源等种群动态的影响,并探讨了龙眼角颊木虱的为害损失测定及药剂防治试验。     

枸杞木虱天敌的保护与利用

记录了12种枸杞木虱天敌,描述了3种主要天敌的生物学特性,提出了保护利用天敌的有效措施。     

Life history and population size variability in a relict plant. Different routes towards long-term persistence

A central tenet of conservation biology is that population size affects the persistence of populations. However, many narrow endemic species combine small population ranges and sizes with long persistence, thereby challenging this tenet. I examined the performance of three different-sized populations of Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa (Caryophyllaceae), a palaeoendemic rupicolous herb distributed along a small valley in the Spanish Pyrenees. Reproductive and demographic parameters were recorded over 6 years, and deterministic and stochastic matrix models were constructed to explore population dynamics and extinction risk. Populations differed greatly in structure, fecundity, recruitment, survival rate, and life span. Strong differentiation in life-history parameters and their temporal variability resulted in differential population vulnerability under current conditions and simulated global changes such as habitat fragmentation or higher climatic fluctuations. This study provides insights into the capacity of narrow endemics to survive both at extreme environmental conditions and at small population sizes. When dealing with species conservation, the population size–extinction risk relationship may be too simplistic for ancient, ecologically restricted organisms, and some knowledge of life history may be most important to assess their future.     

Evolution of reproductive effort in viscous populations: the importance of population dynamics

I present two ecological models for the evolution of reproductive effort in viscous populations with empty sites. In contrast with previous studies, I show that limited dispersal needs not have a positive effect on the evolutionarily stable allocation of resources to fecundity versus survival. Rather, depending on the feedback between the trait and the population dynamics, population viscosity may have no effect or even lead to a decrease in the evolutionarily stable reproductive effort when individuals can degrade their environment during their lifetime. I show that the different evolutionary outcomes can be explained by the asymmetry in the level of kin competition resulting from investing into juveniles or into adults.