拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗乙型肝炎的疗效及对HBV耐药基因突变的影响

目的探讨拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效,并利用反向点杂交技术检测其对HBV基因耐药突变的影响。方法156例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为2组：对照组70例采用拉米夫定治疗,治疗组86例采用拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗。采用实时荧光定量PCR和ELISA检测2组治疗前和治疗后48周的HBV-DNA载量和HBeAg并采用PCR-反向点杂交技术（PCR-RDB）检测2组治疗48周后的HBV耐药基因突变情况。结果对照组及治疗组在经过48周治疗后HBV-DNA载量较治疗前都明显下降（P 〈0. 05）,治疗组HBV-DNA载量明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。治疗组经过48周治疗后HBeAg的阴转率为54.9%,明显高于对照组15.0% （P 〈0.05）。对照组44例未出现耐药突变,25例拉米夫定耐药突变中rtL180M突变6例,rtM204V/I突变11例,rtL180M ＋ rtM204V/I混合突变8例;阿德福韦酯HN236T耐药突变1例。治疗组77例未出现耐药突变;5例拉米夫定耐药突变中rtL180M突变1例,rtM204V/I突变2例,rtL180M ＋ rtM204V/I混合突变2例;阿德福韦酯耐药突变中rtN236T突变1例;拉米夫定和阿德福韦酯交叉耐药rtN236T ＋ rtM204V/I混合突变3例。对照组耐药突变率为37. 1%（26/70）明显髙于治疗组的10.5%（9/86）（P〈0.05）。结论拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯对治疗慢性乙型肝炎方面有效并在减少HBV耐药基因突变方面具有一定的作用。     

乙型肝炎病毒RT 区变异及其与基因型分布的关系

目的:探讨大样本乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者RT区耐药位点变异的流行情况,及各耐药位点变异与HBV基因型的关系。方法:采用P区测序法对1117例慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清病毒进行P区测序、进化树分型。结果:RT区耐药位点变异发生率与基因型关系密切,在基因型C患者中的变异发生率远远高于基因型B患者(P=0.000)。Rt180、rtM204V、rtM204I、rt181、rt213位点变异均与基因型C有关(P<0.05)。主要的三种变异类型rt180+rtM204V、rtM204I、rt180+rtM204I间基因型分布存在显著差异(P=0.003)。不同HBeAg状态下,耐药变异的发生有显著差异(P=0.020),特别是rt181和rt236位点变异。结论:HBV基因型影响RT区耐药变异发生率及变异类型,且耐药变异发生率也与HBeAg状态有关。     

黑龙江地区400例乙型肝炎病毒基因分型与耐药突变研究

目的:运用基因芯片技术分析黑龙江地区乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型分布特征及基因耐药变异情况。方法:随机选择2012年11月至2015年11月本医院乙型肝炎患者血清样本400例,应用PCR-反向点杂交的基因芯片技术对样本血清中HBV基因型及常见4类抗病毒药物耐药相关的多个位点进行检测,并进行数据分析。结果:400例样本中基因型分布以C型为主占83.25%(333例),B型7.25%(29例)、D型0.25%(1例)及混合基因型2.75%(11例);耐药突变位点检出188例,总耐药率为45.19%,其中突变位点236T(4.61%)提示阿德福韦酯单项耐药,耐药率为5.82%(10例),与拉米夫定耐药相关的为126例,突变位点以rt204I和(rt180M+rt240V)为主,显著高于其他抗病毒类药物,耐药风险较高。结论:黑龙江地区乙型肝炎基因分型以C为主,B型和其它混合型较少,且更容易对拉米夫定产生耐药。     

利用基因芯片分析拉米夫定治疗过程中HBV DNA的基因变异

依据乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus; HBV)聚合酶基因序列研制HBV基因芯片,此芯片可分析HBV的7个基因型、4种血清型和HBV聚合酶基因rtV173、rtL180、rtM204和rtV207位点的突变.利用此芯片对A、B两组共计45例拉米夫定治疗12个月的患者进行服药前和服药后3、6、9、12个月的动态检测,其中C基因型39例,且血清型均为adr;B基因型6例,其血清型均为adw.在完成全程检测的38例患者中,17例ALT升高的A组出现1例拉米夫定耐药变异株,而21例ALT正常的B组出现4例变异株,且所有变异株均为rtM204 V/rtL180M,其中2例野生株和变异株共存.rtM204V变异最早在服药6个月时出现,随后出现rtL180M变异.10份PCR产物测序分析表明,芯片检测结果与测序结果基本一致,仅在rtL173位点出现1例差异.进一步分析HBV DNA变异与HBV DNA含量、ALT水平和HBeAg血清转换率的相关性,初步结果表明变异株的出现与治疗过程中的DNA反弹呈正相关,而与起始HBV DNA水平、ALT值无关联.HBV基因芯片可初步用于HBV DNA 检测,可能是临床追踪评价抗病毒治疗效果的较好方法之一.     

乙型肝炎病毒RT区变异及其与基因型分布的关系

目的：探讨大样本乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染患者RT区耐药位点变异的流行情况,及各耐药位点变异与HBV基因型的关系。方法：采用P区测序法对1117例慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清病毒进行P区测序、进化树分型。结果：RT区耐药位点变异发生率与基因型关系密切,在基因型C患者中的变异发生率远远高于基因型B患者（P=O．000）。Rt180、rtM204V、rtM204I、rt181、rt213位点变异均与基因型c有关（P〈O．05）。主要的三种变异类型rt180＋rtM204V、rtM204I、rt180＋rtM204I间基因型分布存在显薯差异（P=0．003）。不同HBeAg状态下,耐药变并的发生有显著差并（P=O．020）,特别是rt181和rt236位点变畀。结论：HBV基因型影响RT区耐药变异发生率及变异类型。且耐药变异发生率也与HBeAg状态有关。     

利用基因芯片分析拉米夫定治疗过程中HBV DNA的基因变异

依据乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus;HBV)聚合酶基因序列研制HBV基因芯片,此芯片可分析HBV的7个基因型、4种血清型和HBV聚合酶基因rtV173、rtL180、rtM204和rtV207位点的突变。利用此芯片对A、B两组共计45例拉米夫定治疗12个月的患者进行服药前和服药后3、6、9、12个月的动态检测,其中C基因型39例,且血清型均为adr;B基因型6例,其血清型均为adw。在完成全程检测的38例患者中,17例ALT升高的A组出现1例拉米夫定耐药变异株,而21例ALT正常的B组出现4例变异株,且所有变异株均为rtM204 V／rtL180M,其中2例野生株和变异株共存。rtM204V变异最早在服药6个月时出现,随后出现rtL180M变异。10份PCR产物测序分析表明,芯片检测结果与测序结果基本一致,仅在rtL173位点出现1例差异。进一步分析HBV DNA变异与HBV DNA含量、ALT水平和HBeAg血清转换率的相关性,初步结果表明变异株的出现与治疗过程中的DNA反弹呈正相关,而与起始HBVDNA水平、ALT值无关联。HBV基因芯片可初步用于HBV DNA检测,可能是临床追踪评价抗病毒治疗效果的较好方法之一。     

山东省潍坊市慢性乙型肝炎患者HBVP区基因耐药突变检测及相关因素分析

探讨慢性乙型肝炎(Chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者多聚酶基因逆转录保守区(P区)位点突变情况。选择212例行核苷(酸)类似物抗病毒治疗的CHB患者,采用PCR产物直接测序法检测HBV P基因区耐药变异位点,同时检测其HBV基因型。结果表明,HBV的P基因区突变位点有173、180、18l、184、204、236和250,主要的耐药位点为204和180,分别占35.8%和23.5%。180位点在不同年龄组之间比较均有显著差异,204位点在30岁以下组与41~50岁组、51~60岁组间比较有显著差异(P0.05,P0.01);180位点联合204位点突变率为66.6%,l81位点联合236位点突变率为23.3%;HBV C基因型患者年龄明显大于B基因型患者(P0.01)。M204V/I多以联合L180M突变的形式存在,突变率与年龄有关,HBV基因型和HBV P区耐药位点的检测对CHB患者的治疗和病情预后具有重要的临床意义。     

RtH238：一个与耐药无关的基因型依赖位点

目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）序列rt238 位点的氨基酸多态性与抗病毒治疗、耐药突变及基因型等的关 系。方法：采用P 区测序法对76 例阿德福韦（adefovir,ADV）基因耐药患者、52 例拉米夫定（Lamivudine,LAM）基因耐药患者和50 例未经抗病毒治疗的慢乙肝患者的血清病毒进行P区测序。结果：在76 例ADV基因耐药患者中,rt238 的三种不同类型氨基酸 在HBV基因型中的分布差异显著（x2=40.196,P=0.000）。RtH238 主要出现在基因型B 患者中,rtN238 主要出现在基因型C 患者 中,而rtT238的HBV 序列全部为基因型C。控制HBV基因型,rt238 氨基酸类型与rt181、rt236位点突变无明显相关。rtT238 只出 现在ADV和LAM基因耐药组。Rt238 位点的氨基酸在不同治疗组中的分布无统计学意义(P=0.127)。结论:Rt238位点的氨基酸多 态性与HBV 基因型显著相关,是一个基因型依赖位点,rtT238可能是基因型C 相关的潜在耐药突变。     

汉族和维吾尔族乙型肝炎病毒耐药基因的相关临床研究

目的:利用基因芯片技术研究伊犁地区汉、维两个民族乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)耐药基因的差异性。方法:收集2014年1月-2015年12月我院收治的汉族及维吾尔族(以下简称"维族")慢性HBV感染患者各50例,患者均经基因芯片技术筛选确诊存在天然HBV耐药基因(耐核苷酸类药物),观察HBV耐药基因分型特点及对核苷酸类药物的耐药突变位点的情况。结果:汉族HBV感染患者的耐药基因型集中于B、C型,且以C型为主,而维族以D型为主,两组各基因型比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。汉族患者在rt204位点变异明显,而维族在rtn236t、rta181v/t+rtn236t位点变异明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在新疆伊犁地区天然HBV病毒耐药基因患者中,汉族及维族耐药基因分型及耐药基因突变位点均存在显著差异,临床可通过基因芯片技术筛选变异靶点,选择合适的敏感药物。     

Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Hepatitis B Virus of HBsAg-Positive Patients in Oman

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health burden with distinct geographic public health significance. Oman is a country with intermediate HBV carrier prevalence; however, little is known about the incidence of HBV variants in circulation. We investigated the HBV genotype distribution, the occurrence of antiviral resistance, and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) escape mutations in HBsAg-positive patients in Oman.

Methods

Serum samples were collected from 179 chronically HBV-infected patients enrolled in various gastroenterology clinics in Oman. HBV genotypes were determined by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Mutations in the HBV polymerase and the HBsAg gene were characterized by mutational analysis.

Results

HBV genotypes D (130/170; 76.47%) and A (32/170; 18.28%) are predominant in Oman. The HBV genotypes C and E were less frequent (each 1.18%), while the HBV genotypes B, G, F, and H were not detected. Four patients revealed HBV genotype mixtures (HBV-A/D and D/C). The analyses of vaccine escape mutations yield that 148/170 (87.06%) HBV sequences were wild type. 22/170 (12.94%) HBV sequences showed mutations in the “a” determinant of the HBsAg domain. Two patients showed the described HBV vaccine escape mutation sP120T. 8/146 (5.48%) HBV isolates harbored mutations in the HBV polymerase known to confer resistance against antiviral therapy. Especially the lamivudine resistance mutations rtL180M/rtM204V and rtM204I were detected.

Conclusion

This study shows the distribution of HBV genotypes, therapy resistance, and vaccine escape mutations in HBV-infected patients in Oman. Our findings will have a major impact on therapy management and diagnostics of chronic HBV infections in Oman to control HBV infection in this intermediate HBV-endemic country.     

血清乙肝病毒大蛋白与乙肝前S1抗原联合检测在HBeAg阴性乙肝患者诊断中的意义

目的 探讨乙型肝炎e抗原阴性[HBeAg（－）]乙肝患者血清乙肝病毒大蛋白（HBV-LP）和乙肝前S1抗原（PreS1-Ag）联合检测的临床意义。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定300例慢性乙肝患者的血清HBV-LP和PreS1-Ag浓度;实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测血清HBV-DNA表达量;比较不同HBV-M模式下HBV-LP、PreS1-Ag与HBV-DNA的阳性检出率;分析以HBV-DNA表达量作为HBV感染及复制的金标准时,血清HBV-LP和PreS1-Ag单独检测及联合检测对HBeAg阴性乙肝患者的阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 （1）115例HBeAg（+）血清中,HBV-LP和PreS1-Ag的阳性率均与HBV-DNA阳性率差异无统计学意义（Ps＞0.05）;120例HBeAg（－）HBeAb（+）血清中,HBV-LP阳性率（64.2%）明显高于HBV-DNA阳性率（P＜0.05）,而PreS1-Ag阳性率与HBV-DNA阳性率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;65例HBeAg（－）HBeAb（－）血清中,HBV-LP阳性率（72.3%）和PreS1-Ag阳性率（67.7%）均明显高于HBV-DNA阳性率（Ps＜0.05）;（2）以185例HBeAg（－）乙肝患者的HBV-DNA表达量为参考标准,HBV-LP、PreS1-Ag的阳性预测值分别为72.6%、71.6%,阴性预测值分别为93.4%、84.1%;HBV-LP和PreS1-Ag联合检测,HBV-LP/PreS1-Ag双阳性中的HBV-DNA阳性率（66.0%）显著高于HBV-LP/PreS1-Ag双阴性（P＜0.05）。结论 血清HBV-LP和PreS1-Ag水平与HBV-DNA表达量有关,二者联合检测可灵敏地反映HBeAg（－）乙肝患者HBV的复制状态,预测HBV-DNA水平。     

HBV-DNA与乙型肝炎血清标志物的相关性分析

目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）DNA载量与其血清标志物的相关性。方法：运用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）、酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）分别检测503例患者HBV．DNA载量和HBV血清标志物。根据HBV血清标志物结果分为大三阳组、小三阳组、少见模式组、抗体阳性及全阴组,比较各组间HBV—DNA的阳性率及定量值。结果：在大三阳组、小三阳组、少见模式组、抗体阳性及全阴组HBV—DNA的阳性率分别为90％、65．1％、65．2％、2．0％,HBV—DNA的定量结果（10gHBV—DNA）别为6．32±1．96、2．01±1．68、3．48＋2．52f抗体阳性及全阴组阳性例数过低,不纳入统计）。大三阳组HBV—DNA的阳性率显著高于小三阳组（P〈0．05）。大三阳组、小三阳组HBV—DNA的阳性率与少见模式组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但大三阳组、小三阳组、少见模式组HBV．DNA的阳性率均显著高于抗体阳性及全阴组（P〈0．01）。HBsAg、HBeAg阳性组HBV—DNA的阳性率分别显著高于HB—sAg、HBeAg阴性组（P〈0．01）。小三阳组、少见模式组HBV．DNA载量均显著低于大三阳组（P〈0．01）,少见模式组HBV—DNA载量显著高于小三阳组（P〈0．05）。结论：HBV—DNA的阳性率与HBeAg、HBsAg相关;HBV—DNA栽量与HBV血清标志物模式相关。     

HBV Pre-S1与DNA及其他血清学标志物的相关性研究

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒血清前S1抗原、HBV-DNA与其他乙型肝炎血清标志物HBs-Ag、HBeAg的相关性。方法采用实时聚合酶链反应(Real-Time PCR)技术检测血清中HBV-DNA的含量,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测PreS1Ag、HBsAg和HBeAg。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析,成组设计资料,率比较采用配对的χ2检验,结果的关联性采用独立性的χ2检验。结果以HBV-DNA1.000E+03Copy/ml为阴性组;HBV-DNA≥1.000E+03Copy/ml为阳性组。600例HBsAg阳性的乙型肝炎患者中241例HBV-DNA阳性,283例Pre-S1阳性。其中241例HBV-DNA阳性患者中,Pre-S1阳性222例,阳性率为92.12%。显著高于HBV-DNA阴性组的Pre-S1阳性率(16.99%)。经配对的差异性检验P=0.000(确切概率)。经独立性检验,χ2=326.573,P=0.000。241例HBsAg、HBV-DNA阳性组,HBeAg阳性191例,Pre-S1阳性222例,其中191例HBeAg阳性患者中,Pre-S1Ag阳性185例,阳性率为96.86%。显著高于HBeAg阴性组的Pre-S1Ag阳性率(61.67%)。经配对的差异性检验P=0.000(确切概率)。经独立性检验,χ2=28.511,P=0.000。结论 Pre-S1Ag与HBV-DNA阳性高度相关,有好的一致性和互补性,较HBeAg更敏感。可作为乙肝病毒存在和复制的可靠标志,是反映HBV是否具有传染性的观察指标。     

Antiviral therapy against chronic hepatitis B in Brazil: high rates of lamivudine resistance mutations and correlation with HBV genotypes

The effectiveness of antiviral treatments of chronic hepatitis B has been poorly studied in Brazil. Here, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA positivity, drug resistance mutations and their association with HBV genotypes were evaluated in chronically HBV-infected patients under different drug regimens in Brazil. The study involved 129 patients under interferon or nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for a median treatment time of 12 months. One hundred and five (81%) of these patients were treated with lamivudine (LAM), either in monotherapy or in combination with newer drugs, such as entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir (TDF). High (37.5-100%) rates of HBV DNA positivity were observed with all but one drug regimen (LAM + ETV). However, patients that were treated with ETV alone, TDF alone or with LAM combination therapies had a mean viral load that was 3-4 log lower than patients treated with LAM monotherapy. Of the patients treated with LAM, 47% developed resistance mutations. HBV genotypes A (59.1%), D (30.3%) and F (9.1%) were found. There was no association between the presence of LAM resistance mutations and genotypes, HBeAg status or treatment duration. Nevertheless, the rtM204V mutation was observed more frequently (12/13, 92%) in genotype A than in the others (p = 0.023). Six out of nine isolates that contained the rtM204I mutation belonged to genotype D and half of them displayed a single mutation. Genotype D isolates with the rtM204V variant preferentially displayed a triple mutation, while genotype A preferentially displayed a double mutation (p = 0.04).     

Long-Term Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Response to Lamivudine-Containing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients in Thailand

BACKGROUND: Approximately 4 million of people are co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis B virus (HBV). In resource-limited settings, the majority of HIV-infected patients initiate first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy containing lamivudine (3TC-containing-HAART) and long-term virological response of HBV to lamivudine-containing HAART in co-infected patients is not well known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: HIV-HBV co-infected patients enrolled in the PHPT cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00433030) and initiating a 3TC-containing-HAART regimen were included. HBV-DNA, HIV-RNA, CD4+ T-cell counts and alanine transaminase were measured at baseline, 3 months, 12 months and then every 6 months up to 5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the cumulative rates of patients who achieved and maintained HBV-DNA suppression. Of 30 co-infected patients, 19 were positive for HBe antigen (HBeAg). At initiation of 3TC-containing-HAART, median HBV DNA and HIV RNA levels were 7.35 log(10) IU/mL and 4.47 log(10) copies/mL, respectively. At 12 months, 67% of patients achieved HBV DNA suppression: 100% of HBeAg-negative patients and 47% of HBeAg-positive. Seventy-three percent of patients had HIV RNA below 50 copies/mL. The cumulative rates of maintained HBV-DNA suppression among the 23 patients who achieved HBV-DNA suppression were 91%, 87%, and 80% at 1, 2, and 4 years respectively. Of 17 patients who maintained HBV-DNA suppression while still on 3TC, 4 (24%) lost HBsAg and 7 of 8 (88%) HBeAg-positive patients lost HBeAg at their last visit (median duration, 59 months). HBV breakthrough was observed only in HBeAg-positive patients and 6 of 7 patients presenting HBV breakthrough had the rtM204I/V mutations associated with 3TC resistance along with rtL180M and/or rtV173L. CONCLUSIONS: All HBeAg-negative patients and 63% of HBeAg-positive HIV-HBV co-infected patients achieved long-term HBV DNA suppression while on 3TC-containing-HAART. This study provides information useful for the management of co-infected patients in resource-limited countries where the vast majority of co-infected patients are currently receiving 3TC.