半嵌套式PCR技术区别检测犬细小病毒疫苗株和强毒株的研究

Two pairs of PCR primers were designed according to the sequances of the vaccine strain and virulent strain of CPV. Heminested PCR method was established. Result of the first PCR amplification showed the same amplified products of 574bp length, after the second PCR amplification, the virulent strain produced the length 364bp fragment, but the vaccine strain couldn' t produce that. The products of PCR were examined by electrophoresis and restriction enzyme digestion. The result showed the length of the fragment and enzyme sites were as the same as those designed. The PCR assay of CPV was proved to be specific and sensitive. It shows that this method may be used in discriminating the vaccine strain and virulent strain of CPV or monitoring the vaccinated canine in order to aviod disease and financial losing.     

半嵌套式PCR技术区别检测犬细小病毒疫苗株和强毒株的研究

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(Canineparvovirus,CPV)引起的一种多发于幼犬的致死性传染病,主要表现为出血性肠炎和心肌炎[1].在自然条件下本病多呈散发,而在养犬比较集中的地方则常群发[2].     

鉴别伪狂犬病病毒野毒与疫苗毒荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV) gH、gE基因的序列, 设计了两对引物及其对应的TaqMan探针, 通过对引物、探针、Mg2+的浓度和样品DNA提取方法等进行优化, 建立了鉴别PRV野毒与疫苗毒感染的荧光定量PCR方法。该方法线性范围为101~108拷贝/mL, 达8个数量级, 灵敏度可达101拷贝/mL, 比常规PCR高100倍。用此方法对60份疑似组织样品进行检测, 并与血清中和试验、常规PCR相比较, 结果显示该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、重复性好和能对样品进行定量检测等优点, 并且该法以闭管的模式操作, 减少了后续步骤污染的可能性, 整个PCR检测过程不到2 h。此方法的建立, 为猪伪狂犬病病毒的早期鉴别诊断和定量分析猪伪狂犬病病毒感染程度奠定了基础。     

珊瑚病原菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14双重PCR检测方法的建立

【目的】建立珊瑚病原菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14的双重PCR检测方法。【方法】以XSBZ03和XSBZ14的特异靶序列为对象,开展引物设计和双重PCR检测方法的构建,并确定该双重PCR方法的特异性、敏感性及可靠性。【结果】该检测方法可特异识别菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14,对XSBZ03和XSBZ14基因组DNA样品的检测极限分别为1.7pg/μL和2.0pg/μL;对XSBZ03和XSBZ14在海水样品中的检测极限分别为6×10～3 CFU/mL和8×10～3 CFU/mL。【结论】该方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高等优点,可对由菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14引起的珊瑚疾病进行准确快速的诊断,为今后开展珊瑚疾病防控和无特定病原的珊瑚移植提供了可靠手段。     

马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株及其亲本强毒株前病毒核苷酸序列比较分析

以马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株(DLA-EIAV)感染细胞总DNA及其亲本强毒L株感染马外周血液白细胞中DNA为模板, 应用PCR方法分段扩增出DLA-EIAV和L株前病毒, 并将各段扩增产物克隆后进行测序. 根据国外发表的马传染性贫血病毒核苷酸序列, 推导出DLA-EIAV和L株全基因组核苷酸序列, 经比较分析, DLA-EIAV株前病毒基因组全长8266个碱基, EIAV L株前病毒基因组共有8235个碱基. DLA-EIAV株与其亲本L株和DA株核苷酸序列相比, 同源率分别为97.0%和 97.5%. DLA-EIAV株和L株相比, 长末端重复序列(LTR, 由U3, R, U5组成)、编码囊膜糖蛋白的基因env及ORF S2变异率很高, U3, R, U5, env及ORF S2核苷酸序列差异率分别达13.2%, 7.5%, 5.1%, 2.7%和3.9%, env基因及ORF S2推导的氨基酸序列差异率分别为4.4%和8.8%. 从EIAV高度变异的env各个毒株中鉴定出6个氨基酸序列保守区, 并发现中国的EIAV强、弱毒增强子区有转录因子GATA结合一致序列. 序列比较发现EIAV L比DLA株多2个N连接糖化位点. DLA-EIAV, L和DA株在ENH的主要差别是, DLA-EIAV株含有转录因子bHLH作用一致序列. 另外, DLA-EIAV株TAR茎的起始部位发生了改变, 形成一个尿嘧啶小泡. 这些变异对EIAV毒力的影响有待进一步研究.     

TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测滑液囊支原体方法的建立及其感染鸡血液内载量测定

【背景】 滑液囊支原体(Mycoplasma synoviae, MS)是禽类的常见病原,严重危害家禽养殖业的发展。MS易与其他病原混合感染,给临床诊断造成困难,因此亟须建立一种快速、准确、灵敏的检测方法对疑似患病禽进行快速诊断,以降低经济损失。【目的】 建立一种检测MS的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,测定MS在感染鸡血液内的载量变化,为临床检测MS感染提供技术支持。【方法】 参考GenBank中登录的MS基因保守区域序列设计特异性引物和探针,以温度梯度qPCR法确定最适退火温度,用矩阵法优化其引物和探针加入量,通过提取MS 0801基因组作为模板构建标准曲线,并进行特异性、灵敏度、重复性试验,建立一种检测MS的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法。使用建立的方法检测滴鼻攻毒和足垫攻毒后MS在感染鸡血液内的载量变化。【结果】 建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法最佳退火温度为55 ℃,引物和探针(10 mol/L)加入量分别为0.8 mL和0.4 mL;扩增曲线具有良好的线性关系,R²>0.99;特异性强,仅对MS有特异性反应,对其他病原均无扩增反应;敏感性高,最低检测限为25 copies/μL;重复性好,批间试验和批内试验变异系数均小于2%。通过TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测MS在感染鸡血液内的动态变化,发现两个攻毒组MS含量的峰值和总体波动无明显差异,但足垫攻毒的MS在血液中的增殖要快于滴鼻攻毒。【结论】 本实验建立了一种能够快速检测MS的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,并用于检测MS在感染鸡血液内的动态变化,为临床上检测MS感染提供了技术支撑,为疫苗免疫评价方法提供了新的思路。     

马传染性贫血病毒白细胞弱毒疫苗株及其亲本毒驴强毒株前病毒基因组比较分析

为阐明马传染性贫血白细胞弱毒疫苗株(EIAVDLV)的致弱和免疫保护机理,对EIAVDLV121及其亲本驴强毒株(EIAVDV117)前病毒全基因组序列进行了测定,并结合准种理论,分析了EIAV疫苗致弱过程中基因组进化特点。利用LA-PCR技术对EIAVDV117和EIAVDLV121的前病毒基因组分两段进行扩增,分别获得4个和10个前病毒全基因组序列。EIAVDV117前病毒基因组平均为8236bp,G C含量38.0。EIAVDLV121前病毒基因组平均8249bp,G C含量37.3。两者的前病毒基因组平均差异率为2.8。其中S2、LTR和env基因差异较大,分别为4.1、3.9和3.1。此外,S2、S3和env推导的氨基酸的差异明显,分别为10.4、5.6和4.8(gp90为6.8)。EIAVDLV121各基因的异质性均显著高于EIAVDV117。研究发现体外培养的EIAVDLV121至少有5种类型的LTR混合存在。在gp90推导的氨基酸序列上,EIAVDV117比EIAVDLV121平均多2个N-糖基化位点,总数为19,其中3个为EIAVDV117特有。EIAVDLV121有1个疫苗株特有N-糖基化位点。研究结果为进一步探讨马传染性贫血弱毒疫苗生物学特性提供信息。     

鸡毒支原体通用型mini-Tn4001转座子的构建

为了实现以鸡毒支原体（MG）为载体携带和表达其他呼吸道病原保护性抗原,达到多种病原体共同保护的效果,本研究拟构建一套mini-Tn4001转座子（pMT4）.该微型转座子具备以下特征：含四环素抗性基因;两臂是转座酶识别的Inner和Outer插入重复区;转座酶位于插入区之外,在整合起始点处促进转座;多克隆位点便于插入外源基因.这一微型转座子载体的成功构建为MG非必需区缺失工作奠定了基础,对下一步MG功能基因的靶向缺失技术以及外源蛋白的表达建立了有效的基因操作工具.     

建立快速定量检测猪瘟兔化弱毒苗的荧光定量PCR技术

在猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒疫苗株的5'非编码区设计一对引物和一条荧光探针,利用荧光定量PCR原理,结合LightCycler检测系统,首次建立了定量检测猪瘟兔化弱毒苗方法.结果表明,该方法的灵敏度为102拷贝数,线性范围为107-102,达6个数量级;标准样品的变异系数为2.3%-5.1%(n=10),疫苗样品组内实验变异系数为0.85%-2.8%(n=5)、组间实验为2.5%-7.3%(n=5),对同一样品分5次RNA提取和逆转录,其变异系数为5.0%;对9份疫苗样品进行了检测,与兔体定型热反应方法相比较,有很好的相关性;整个检测过程仅需4h.该法可望取代传统的兔体定型热反应用于疫苗生产过程中的效价测定及指导疫苗的配制,也为猪瘟病毒分子生物学研究提供了一种新的、简捷有效的工具.     

大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

目的建立快速检测实验大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR方法。方法根据大鼠冠状病毒N基因、仙台病毒L基因设计特异性引物;经过双重PCR优化,特异性和敏感性的检测,建立双重PCR体系。应用该PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本和实验动物组织样本,并与ELISA方法比对。结果双重PCR扩增出大鼠冠状病毒(168 bp)和仙台病毒(262 bp)目的条带,PCR扩增产物测序结果利用核酸BLAST功能进行同源序列对比,仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒同源性分别为100%和99%。仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒的检测下限为1.56×10~2 copies/μL。特异性检测对小鼠肝炎病毒扩增,产生片段大小近似大鼠冠状病毒产物。应用建立的双重PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本,30份DNA标本均被检出;检测94份实验动物肺组织样本,结果均阴性。结论建立的双重PCR方法操作简单、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高,能够实现对实验动物仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒病原体的快速检测。     

Recombinant DNA probes and polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains

Abstract Two recombinant DNA clones, pMG286.2 and pMG301.1, were isolated from the partial genomic library of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain S6. Recombinant M. gallisepticum specific fragments were used as probes in Southern hybridisation with 10 M. gallisepticum strains whose DNA was digested by Eco RI, Hin dIII, Bgl II, Rsa I and Bam HI. The 1.5 kb fragment pMG301.1 did not show polymorphism in hybridisation patterns with M. gallisepticum strains, while the 3.5 kb fragment pMG286.2 enabled differentiation of M. gallisepticum strains into clusters. The DNA sequence of pMG301.1 was used to design a pair of 27-mer oligonucleotides flanking a 1.3 kb genomic region. These two primers directed specific in vitro amplification of all M. gallisepticum strains assayed giving an expected 1.3 kb product. Digestion of polymerase chain reaction products by Dde I enabled simple differentiation between clusters of M. gallisepticum strains and may be useful for improved epizootiological studies of M. gallisepticum infections in poultry.     

A 41-kDa variable surface protein of Mycoplasma gallisepticum has a counterpart in Mycoplasma imitans and Mycoplasma iowae

Abstract Mycoplasma gallisepticun, M. imitans and M. iowae are three morphologically similar avian Mycoplasma species, and M. gallisepticum and M. imitans have been shown to be antigenically related. Using a monoclonal antibody that binds to the previously described size- and phase-variant integral membrane surface protein PvpA of M. gallisepticum , we have identified in all three avian Mycoplasma species a 41-kDa surface antigen, which in M. gallisepticum and M. imitans was identified as peripheral membrane protein undergoing variation in expression among clonal isolates. Southern blot analysis using the pvpA gene as a probe demonstrated sequence homology with M. imitans and M. iowae genomic DNA and suggested that a pvpA -related gene that may encode the 41-kDa product exists in these two Mycoplasma species. These studies establish (i) that M. iowae is antigenically related to M. gallisepticum and M. imitans , (ii) that the three species share non-ribosomal gene sequences, and (iii) that peripheral membrane proteins contribute to Mycoplasma surface variation.     

Sequence polymorphisms within the pMGA genes and pMGA antigenic variants in Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Antigenic variants of Mycoplasma gallisepticum major surface lipoprotein, pMGA, are encoded by a large gene family. In this study sequence analyses of the PCR-amplified pMGA genes showed two types of sequences similar to the pMGA1.2 gene in M. gallisepticum strains. They differed in the sequence encoding a proline-rich region (PRR) at the N-terminus of the pMGA protein. The type A genes had sequences similar to the published pMGA1.2 gene sequence of strain S6, whereas the type B genes lacked the second repetitive segment encoding PTPN sequence within PRR and were similar to the published sequence of PG31 strain. Low in vitro passages of M. gallisepticum strains isolated recently in Slovenia from four avian species showed very different expression patterns of pMGA1.2 and pMGA1.9 genes. Among isogenic populations of S6(B) and IHB1 strains a high frequency of pMGA antigenic variants lacking an epitope for monoclonal antibody (mAb) 71 was found. Strain IHB1 clones, which synthesized pMGA recognized by mAb 71, transcribed pMGA genes whose partial sequence encoded the amino acid sequence (262)TNGDEPRSVS of the mAb 71 epitope. Other IHB1 clones synthesized pMGA variants with different isoelectric points, lacking the epitope for mAb 71, but expressing downstream epitopes for other mAbs. Our study suggests that a molecular basis for pMGA antigenic variation lies in the corresponding changes at the DNA level.     

A quantitative TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of Mycoplasma suis

Aim: To develop a TaqMan probe‐based, highly sensitive and specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of Mycoplasma suis in the blood of pigs. Methods and Results: Primers and probes specific to Myc. suis 16S rRNA gene were designed. The qPCR assay’s specificity, detection limit, intra‐ and inter‐assay variability were evaluated and its performance was compared with a Myc. suis conventional PCR assay (cPCR). Blood of two experimentally infected pigs, 40 Indiana pigs, 40 Brazilian sows and 28 peccaries were tested. The assay detected as few as ten copies of Myc. suis plasmids and was 100‐fold more sensitive than the cPCR. No cross‐reactivity with nontarget pig mycoplasmas was observed. An average of 1·62 × 10¹¹ and 2·75 × 10⁸ target copies ml^?1 of blood were detected in the acutely and chronically infected pigs, respectively. Three (7·5%) pigs and 32 (80·0%) sows were positive while all peccaries were negative for Myc. suis. Conclusion: The developed qPCR assay is highly sensitive and specific for Myc. suis detection and quantification. Significance and Impact of the Study: TaqMan qPCR is an accurate and quick test for detection of Myc. suis infected pigs, which can be used on varied instrumentation platforms.     

应用双重PCR检测环境水体中的军团菌

建立双重PCR方法以检出环境水体中的军团菌。设计两对引物,分别扩增军团菌的16S rRNA和M ip基因,扩增片段长各为375bp和996bp。该方法检测军团菌的灵敏度为5.8×102cfu/m l,6株嗜肺标准军团菌均扩增出996bp和375bp两条带,4株非嗜肺军团菌扩增出375bp条带,4株非军团菌无条带;检测71份环境水样,5份出现两条条带,2份可见375bp条带,阳性率为7.0%。该方法快速、灵敏、特异,为水体中的嗜肺军团菌检测提供了有效方法。     

A real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Mycoplasma agalactiae DNA

AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive, specific tool for detection and quantification of Mycoplasma agalactiae DNA in sheep milk samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the membrane-protein 81 gene of M. agalactiae was developed. The assay specifically detected M. agalactiae DNA without cross-amplification of other mycoplasmas and common pathogens of small ruminants. The method was reproducible and highly sensitive, providing precise quantification of M. agalactiae DNA over a range of nine orders of magnitude. Compared with an established PCR assay, the real-time PCR was one-log more sensitive, detecting as few as 10(1) DNA copies per 10 microl of plasmid template and 6.5x10(0) colour changing units of reference strain Ba/2. CONCLUSIONS: The real-time PCR assay is a reliable method for the detection and quantification of M. agalactiae DNA in sheep milk samples. The assay is more sensitive than gel-based PCR protocols and provides quantification of the M. agalactiae DNA contained in milk samples. The assay is also quicker than traditional culture methods (2-3 h compared with at least 1 week). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The established real-time PCR assay will help study the patterns of shedding of M. agalactiae in milk, aiding pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy studies.     

Development of a rotor-gene real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Mycoplasma genitalium

We developed and validated a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to determine Mycoplasma genitalium bacterial load in endocervical swabs, based on amplification of the pdhD gene which encodes dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, using the Rotor-Gene platform. We first determined the qPCR assay sensitivity, limit of detection, reproducibility and specificity, and then determined the ability of the qPCR assay to quantify M. genitalium in stored endocervical specimens collected from Zimbabwean women participating in clinical research undertaken between 1999 and 2007. The qPCR assay had a detection limit of 300 genome copies/mL and demonstrated low intra- and inter-assay variability. The assay was specific for M. genitalium DNA and did not amplify the DNA from other mycoplasma and ureaplasma species. We quantified M. genitalium in 119 of 1600 endocervical swabs that tested positive for M. genitalium using the commercial Sacace M. genitalium real-time PCR, as well as 156 randomly selected swabs that were negative for M. genitalium by the same assay. The M. genitalium loads ranged between < 300 and 3,240,000 copies/mL. Overall, the qPCR assay demonstrated good range of detection, reproducibility and specificity and can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of M. genitalium in endocervical specimens and potentially other genital specimens.     

PCR技术在鼠肺支原体检测中应用的初步研究

目的　探讨PCR技术在鼠肺支原体检测中的应用,希望能建立一种可行、快速、敏感的检测方法。方法　使用支原体通用引物及鼠肺支原体特异性引物对14 份大鼠喉气管拭子洗液和拭子支原体培养液进行PCR扩增,2 % 琼脂糖电泳鉴定。另设M53 和ATCC19612 二株标准鼠肺支原体菌株作阳性对照。结果　通用引物对大鼠喉气管拭子洗液检出率8/14 ,拭子支原体培养液检出率14/14,鼠肺支原体特异引物PCR扩增对大鼠喉气管拭子洗液检出率0/14 ,拭子支原体培养液3/14。通用引物扩增M53 和ATCC19612 二株标准株均呈现阳性,而鼠肺支原体特异引物扩增M53 和ATCC19612,只有M53 呈现阳性。结论　PCR通用引物检测比普通分离培养省时省力,而我们采用国外某学者认为对鼠肺支原体有特异性的引物,是否可用于鼠肺支原体的特异性PCR 检查仍需进一步探讨。     

Coupled analysis of bacterial transformants and ligation mixture by duplex PCR enables detection of fatal instability of a nascent recombinant plasmid

When a DNA cloning experiment fails, it is often difficult to distinguish between an inadequate cloning protocol and instability of the new recombinant plasmid. The identification of plasmid instability is particularly challenging when the instability is fatal and no DNA of the expected construct can be isolated. We have effectively addressed this problem by employment of duplex PCR (insert-insert, vector-insert) to analyse both the ligation mixture and the resultant bacterial transformants. Using this approach we found a fatal maintenance instability of one of the plasmids generated during subcloning of the cDNA for human LDLR in Escherichia coli STBL2. The described duplex PCR screening method allows monitoring of the fate of nascent recombinant plasmid from ligation, through the initial bacterial colony and the subsequent overnight culture.     

Newleaf-YTM转基因马铃薯PCR检测鉴定方法的建立

建立了商业化种植的NewLeaf-Y^tm转基因马铃薯的筛选检测和鉴定的PCR方法。该方法根据马铃薯自身patatin基因作为内源特异参照基因扩增216bp片段,检查模板DNA提取的质量,避免了假阴性结果,同时扩增FMV35启动子基因225bp片段和PVY-CP基因161bp片段,PCR反应循环参数是94℃2min;94℃40s,55℃60s,72℃60s,35次循环;之后72℃延伸5 min。本实验中的F-PRIMER(pvy01-5)/r-primer(PVY01-3)引物是针对商业化种植的NewLeaf-y^tm转基因马铃薯PV-CP抗病毒基因而设计的,具有很强的特异性,可以达到对NewLeaf-Y^tm转基因马铃薯鉴定的目的。