从浮游动物群落结构与功能的变化看府河－白洋淀水体的自净效果

本文报道了１９９３年５月、７月和１０月在府河－白洋淀六个采样站浮游动物生态学特征及其与水质相互关系的调查研究结果。利用浮游动物群落结构的综合指标（种类组成差异,种类数目变化,个体数量变动,生物量分布,多样性指数ｄ值的增减）和功能参数（ＰＦＵ原生动物的群集速度）评价了府河－白洋淀水体的污染程度和自净效能。按照Ｍａｒｇａｌｅｆ多样性指数ｄ值的变化范围,把府河－白洋淀六个采样站的水质划分成不同的次序和等级。文中就如何控制污染,提高府河的自净效果,改善白洋淀的水质提出了具体措施和建议．     

从浮游动物群落结构与功能的变化看府河—白洋淀水体的自净效果

本文报道了1993年5月、7月和10月在府河-白洋淀六个采样站浮游动物生态学特征及其与水质相互关系的调查研究结果。利用浮游动物群落结构的综合指标(种类组成差异,种类数目变化,个体数量变动,生物量分布,多样性指数d值的增减)和功能参数(PFU原生动物的群集速度)评价了府河-白洋淀水体的污染程度和自净效能。按照Margalef多样性指数d值的变化范围,把府河-白洋淀六个采样站的水质划分成不同的次序和等级。文中就如何控制污染,提高府河的自净效果,改善白洋淀的水质提出了具体措施和建议。       

武夷山九曲溪水体营养水平与原生动物群落变化相互关系研究

2000年研究了武夷山九曲溪水体的营养状态与原生动物群落结构关系。发现并非水越清洁PFU原生动物种类就越多,这要决定于水体的营养状况。当水体是贫营养时,水越清洁,PFU原生动物种类反而会越少。研究结果表明,即使在低营养水平的水体中,PFU法一样能准确反映人类活动对当地水环境的影响。     

用PFU原生动物群落进行生物监测的研究

应用PFU法收集微型生物群落,监测鸭儿湖的农药污染。原生动物对五个氧化塘内农药废水的毒性反应,可用群集过程来表示,无论室内或是野外试验,结果基本一致。其中微型生物群落的结构参数有原生动物种类组成和种数、叶绿素a含量、水细菌数量;功能参数有反映原生动物群集过程中的S_(eq)、G、t_(90％)和微型生物的呼吸速度。功能和结构的参数均能较准确地反映出氧化塘系统的净化过程。PFU法可应用于预报污染物的生物效应浓度,初认为是一种经济、快速、正确的生物学监测方法。     

The temporal and spatial distribution, composition and abundance of Protozoa in Chaohu Lake, China: Relationship with eutrophication

Systematic investigations into the temporal and spatial distribution, composition and abundance of protozoa in two regions with different trophic levels in Chaohu Lake, a large, shallow and highly eutrophic freshwater lake in China, were conducted during 2002–2003. A total of 114 species of protozoa, including phytomastigophorans, zoomastigophorans, amoebae and ciliates, were identified from 120 polyurethane foam unit (PFU) samples exposed at four stations and from various types of natural substrates. Of the 114 taxa, 36 core species were found on PFU substrates and 23 of these were found on natural ones. Protozoan abundance and chemical–physical parameters at nine sampling stations, four in the western lake and five in the eastern part, indicate trophic gradient changes along the lake. Seasonal variations in the species composition of major groups at littoral PFU sampling stations illustrate the effect of a severe algal bloom on the protozoan community structure. Temporal and spatial distributions of individual abundance as functions of water temperature and trophic status were revealed. This study demonstrates again that the PFU artificial substrate method samples protozoan communities more effectively than routine natural substrate methods.     

白洋淀原生动物群落多样性变化与水质关系研究

报道了大型浅水型湖泊原生动物群落变化与富营养化关系的研究,通过对华北平原最大淡水湖-河北白洋淀两个湖区9个采样站的初步调查,共鉴定出77种原生动物,其中43种为该湖首次记录：利用PFU原生动物群落结构和功能方法快速（两次实验的群集速度均为1d时间）监测了不同湖区的水质状况,水质分析及原生动物定性和定量调查结果表明,湖区Ⅰ（安州至枣林庄5个采样点）水体的污染程度明显大于湖区Ⅱ（圈头至端村4个采样站）,通过与20世纪50年代的调查资料比较,较好地反映了白洋淀富营养化的发展趋势。     

Use of Protozoan Communities to Predict Environmental Effects of Pollutants1

ABSTRACT. This study compared the response of protozoan communities colonizing artificial substrates to complex effluents in laboratory microecosystems and validated laboratory predictions using similar sampling methods in the field. Sampling stations were established on a small stream receiving heavy metal and sewage treatment plant effluents. Water from each station was used as a test medium to test the colonization of polyurethane foam artificial substrates in laboratory microecosystems. The heterotrophic index (HI), the ratio of total community biomass to chlorophyll biomass, was also measured. Field colonization trials and HI determinations were carried out at each sampling station. There was a strong negative relationship between the number of species colonizing artificial substrates and the total metal concentration of the water at each station; protozoan colonization was severely depressed at the highest metal concentrations (>400 μg/liter) and recovered at downstream stations where dilution had taken place. The HI differentiated stations receiving high heavy metal concentrations in the field from those recovering from heavy metal influences. Effect concentrations based on laboratory experiments predicted that the concentration of total heavy metal that would produce a 5% decrease in species number (EC5) was 18 μg/liter, approximately the background concentration found in the stream studied. These experiments demonstrated that laboratory microecosystems or microcosms can be used to predict effects in the field accurately.     

用PFU微型生物群落监测技术评价化工废水的静态毒性

化工废水的排放是导致水环境毒物污染的重要来源,以原生动物为靶生物的微型生物群落监测——PFU法因能快速而真实地评价水体受污染程度而被广泛应用.盐城沿海化工园区是至今江苏省环保部门批准建设的苏北地区规模最大的以发展精细化工和医药化工为主导的专业园区,以该园区附近清洁水源中的原生动物为种源,用PFU法评价该园区化工废水的静态毒性.结果表明,原生动物群落对化工废水效应浓度(EC)变化非常敏感.在低的化工废水EC下,原生动物群落群集的物种多样性指数和群集种类均随毒性时间的延长而快速增加,群集速度也较快;随着化工废水EC的增加,原生动物群落群集的物种多样性指数随毒性时间的延长而增加缓慢甚至下降,群集种类则明显减少,群集速度也减缓,说明化工废水EC有较强的生物胁迫效应.在反映原生动物群集过程的3个参数Seq、G和T90％中,Seq与化工废水EC均呈负相关,而G随化工废水EC增加先呈负相关后呈正相关.根据其回归方程Seq=-0.141 EC+19.05 (R2=0.941,P＜0.01)推算出该化工废水的效应浓度EC5、EC20和EC50分别为7.1％、27.3％和67.7％.最终确定盐城沿海化工园区化工废水对其附近清洁水源原生动物群落的安全浓度为7.1％,最大允许浓度为27.3％.盐城沿海化工园区化工废水必须处理至其毒性削减72.7％以上才能排放.     

应用原生动物群落评价枯水期白洋淀的水质现状

应用PFU微型生物群落监测方法,对长期处于低水位状态下的白洋淀水质进行了综合评价。结果表明,白洋淀水域受府河污水的影响,淀内的内源性污染,对原生动物群落造成了极大的影响。与20世纪90年代的资料相比,淀内中心区4个采样点原生动物的群集种类数(1d)急剧下降,而丰度上升了1．28倍,表明内源性污染对白洋淀水质的影响加剧。     

PFU原生动物群落生物监测的生态学原理与应用

原生动物是水生生态系统食物链中重要环节 ,发挥着十分重要的生态功能作用。在水环境质量变化评价与发展趋势预测中 ,与其它较高等生物类群比较 ,PFU原生动物群落在水质监测应用方面显示了诸多优点。系统地阐述了原生动物在水生生态系统中的地位与作用 ,重点介绍了原生动物评价水体污染的生态学基础及其优点和 PFU原生动物群落特征及其在水质监测应用中的优势。通过对国内外不同水质类型 PFU原生动物群落生物监测的典型案例研究 ,进一步论证了 PFU原生动物群落生物监测的生态学原理与应用优势