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1.
To demonstrate the potential of biodegradation of soils enriched with kerosene and diesel, an ex-situ study with the objective of evaluating and comparing the effects of three different fungal isolates P. janthinellum, P. decumbens, and A. terreus was performed. The study dealt with the biodegradation of artificially enriched kerosene and diesel soils by 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w). The experiment was performed by ex-situ large-scale tray method using 24 plastic trays 6′′ X 3′′ X 1′′ in each containing 60 kg enriched soil. After eight weeks of inoculation of the fungal isolates, P. janthinellum was found to have potential compared to the other two and displayed the highest kerosene and diesel degradative capacity, resulting in 98.29%, 97%, 96%, 82%, 70%, and 62% degradation at 5, 10, and 15% kerosene- and diesel-enriched soils after 45 and 60 days, respectively. Moreover, the total fungal population was found to increase as a function of time. A first-order kinetic model equation showed that the specific biodegradation rate constant “k” value were 0.1023 and 0.0285 day?1 for 5% kerosene and diesel enrichment by P. janthinellum treatment strategy, which was comparatively higher than the values for the other two organisms tested. Thus, the degree of effectiveness of these bioremediation strategies in the soils enriched with kerosene and diesel is in the following order: P. janthinellum>P. decumbens>A. terreus. 相似文献
2.
Enrichment cultures were obtained, after prolonged incubation on a shale oil as the sole source of nitrogen, that selectively degraded nitriles. Capillary gas chromatographic analyses showed that the mixed microbial populations in the enrichments degraded the homologous series of aliphatic nitriles but not the aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or heterocyclic-nitrogen compounds found in this oil. Time course studies showed that lighter nitriles were removed more rapidly than higher-molecular-weight nitriles. A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain isolated from an enrichment, which was able to completely utilize the individual nitriles undecyl cyanide and undecanenitrile as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen, was unable to attack stearonitrile when provided alone as the growth substrate. A P. aeruginosa strain, also isolated from one of the enrichments, used nitriles but not aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons when the oil was used as a sole nitrogen source. However, when the shale oil was used as the sole source of carbon, aliphatic hydrocarbons in addition to nitriles were degraded but aromatic hydrocarbons were still not attacked by this P. aeruginosa strain. 相似文献
3.
Oily sludge degradation by bacteria from Ankleshwar, India 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Shuchi Verma Renu Bhargava Vikas Pruthi 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2006,57(4):207-213
Three bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. SV9, Acinetobacter sp. SV4 and Pseudomonas sp., SV17 from contaminated soil in Ankleshwar, India were tested for their ability to degrade the complex mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons (such as alkanes, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes), sediments, heavy metals and water known as oily sludge. Gravimetric analysis showed that Bacillus sp. SV9 degraded approx. 59% of the oily sludge in 5 days at 30 °C whereas Acinetobacter sp. SV4 and Pseudomonas sp. SV17 degraded 37% and 35%. Capillary gas chromatographic analysis revealed that after 5 days the Bacillus strain was able to degrade oily sludge components of chain length C12–C30 and aromatics more effectively than the other two strains. Maximum drop in surface tension (from 70 to 28.4 mN/m) was accompanied by maximum biosurfactant production (6.7 g l−1) in Bacillus sp. SV9 after 72 h, these results collectively indicating that this bacterial strain has considerable potential for bioremediation of oily sludge. 相似文献
4.
Sarfraz Hussain Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Saleem Zahir Ahmad Zahir 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(7):939-945
Intensive use of endosulfan has resulted in contamination of soil and water environments at various sites in Pakistan. This
study was conducted to isolate efficient endosulfan-degrading fungal strains from contaminated soils. Sixteen fungal strains
were isolated from fifteen specific sites by employing enrichment techniques while using endosulfan as a sole sulfur source,
and tested for their potential to degrade endosulfan. Among these fungal strains, Chaetosartorya stromatoides, Aspergillus terricola, and Aspergillus terreus degraded both α- and β-endosulfan upto 75% in addition to ∼20% abiotic degradation of the spiked amount (100 mg l−1) in the broth within 12 days of incubation. Biodegradation of endosulfan by soil fungi was accompanied by a substantial decrease
in pH of the broth from 7.0 to 3.2. The major metabolic product was endosulfan diol along with very low concentrations of
endosulfan ether. Maximum biodegradation of endosulfan by these selected fungal strains was found at an initial broth pH of
6, incubation temperature of 30°C and under agitation conditions. This study indicates that the isolated strains carried efficient
enzyme systems required for bioremediation of endosulfan-contaminated soil and water environments. 相似文献
5.
Perfumo A Banat IM Canganella F Marchant R 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2006,72(1):132-138
Thermophilic bacterial cultures were isolated from a hot spring environment on hydrocarbon containing mineral salts media. One strain identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AP02-1 was tested for the ability to utilize a range of hydrocarbons both n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon source. Strain AP02-1 had an optimum growth temperature of 45°C and degraded 99% of crude oil 1% (v/v) and diesel oil 2% (v/v) when added to a basal mineral medium within 7 days of incubation. Surface activity measurements indicated that biosurfactants, mainly glycolipid in nature, were produced during the microbial growth on hydrocarbons as well as on both water-soluble and insoluble substrates. Mass spectrometry analysis showed different types of rhamnolipid production depending on the carbon substrate and culture conditions. Grown on glycerol, P. aeruginosa AP02-1 produced a mixture of ten rhamnolipid homologues, of which Rha-Rha-C10-C10 and Rha-C10-C10 were predominant. Rhamnolipid-containing culture broths reduced the surface tension to ≈28 mN and gave stable emulsions with a number of hydrocarbons and remained effective after sterilization. Microscopic observations of the emulsions suggested that hydrophobic cells acted as emulsion-stabilizing agents. 相似文献
6.
C. N. A. Razak W. F. Wang S. H. S. A. Rahman M. Basri A. B. Salleh 《Engineering in Life Science》1999,19(3):213-223
The Acinetobacter sp. E11, isolated from Port Dickson Beach, Malaysia, was able to grow in media containing crude oil as the sole carbon and energy source. Substrate specificity studies showed that the bacterium exhibited substrate preference as growth was observed only in media containing aliphatic hydrocarbons, while aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons inhibited growth. With the aliphatic hydrocarbons, growth was seen only in the long-chain alkanes tested (pentadecane, dodecane and hexadecane). No growth was recorded in the short-chain alkanes (pentane, hexane and heptane) tested. With complex hydrocarbons, only crude oil and 4T SHELL engine oil supported growth. No growth was observed in kerosene and PETRONAS gasoline. The isolate could grow in up to 10% and 20% [v/v] of the crude oil and alkanes tested, respectively. Among the long-chain alkanes tested, hexadecane was the most preferred, followed by pentadecane and dodecane. Nitrogen and phosphorous supplements were essential for growth and the best growth was achieved with 3% nitrogen/phosphorous additions. Microscopic observation revealed that the bacterium adhered to the hexadecane and crude oil droplets. GC analysis showed that the bacterium was able to degrade more than 60% of the hydrocarbons in the crude oil in 15 days at 37°C compared to the uninoculated media. 相似文献
7.
Polizzi V Fazzini L Adams A Picco AM De Saeger S Van Peteghem C De Kimpe N 《Microbial ecology》2011,62(4):838-852
A Penicillium decumbens strain was collected from a water-damaged building, and the production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) was
investigated by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by GC-MS analysis. The strain was characterized by
a high production of (+)-thujopsene. The influence of various temperatures, relative humidity (RH) values, substrates, and
inoculum concentrations on fungal growth and (+)-thujopsene production was studied. The optimal temperature and relative humidity
for P. decumbens growth were 30°C and 100% RH, respectively. In general, the more favourable the incubation parameters were for growth, the
faster maximum (+)-thujopsene production was reached. Moreover, the antifungal activity of thujopsene was tested against 16
fungal strains. The growth of five of these fungal strains was negatively affected both by thujopsene alone and when grown
in contact with the MVOCs produced by P. decumbens. Following these results and since growth of P. decumbens itself was also inhibited by thujopsene, an autoregulatory function for this compound was proposed. Few data are present
in the literature about chemical communication between fungi. The present research could, therefore, contribute to understanding
fungal metabolism and behaviour in indoor environments. 相似文献
8.
Summary When inoculated at high cell densities, three strains of Pseudomonas cepacia degraded the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene and coronene as sole carbon and energy sources. After 63 days incubation, there was a 20 to 30% decrease in the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene and a 65 to 70% decrease in coronene concentration. The three strains were also able to degrade all the PAHs simultaneously in a PAH substrate mixture containing three-, four-, five- and seven-benzene ring compounds. Furthermore, improved degradation of the five- and seven-ring PAHs was observed when low molecular weight PAHs were present. 相似文献
9.
A strain of long-chain alkane–degrading bacteria, BT1A, was isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Diyarbak?r, in the southeast of Turkey. Morphological, biochemical, and physiological characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain BT1A was a member of Acinetobacter genus, and it was found to be closely related to Acinetobacter baumannii. The strain BT1A was able to utilize crude petroleum as carbon and energy sources in order to grow. Among the aliphatic hydrocarbons, growth was observed only in the medium containing long-chain alkanes (tridecane, pentadecane, and hexadecane) and squalene. Hexadecane was the most preferred hydrocarbon among the long-chain alkanes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that BT1A degraded 83% of n-alkanes of 1% crude oil in 7 days. The present study indicates that the isolated strain can well be used for biodegradation of hydrocarbons in oil-contaminated sites. 相似文献
10.
A field study was conducted on a coastal salt marsh in Nova Scotia, Canada, during the summer of 2000. The objective of the
study was to assess the effectiveness of biostimulation in restoring an oil-contaminated coastal marsh dominated by Spartina alterniflora under north-temperate conditions. Three remediation treatments were tested with two additional unoiled treatments, with and
without added nutrients, serving as controls. This research determined the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus addition
for accelerating oil disappearance, the role of nutrients in enhancing restoration in the absence of wetland plants, and the
rate at which the stressed salt marsh recovered. Petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS). Statistically significant treatment differences were observed for alkanes but not aromatics in sediment samples.
No differences were evident in above-ground vegetation samples. GC/MS-resolved alkanes and aromatics degraded substantially
(>90% and >80%, respectively) after 20 weeks with no loss of TPH. Biodegradation was determined to be the main oil removal
mechanism rather than physical washout. 相似文献
11.
A diesel-degrading bacterium (strain IU5) isolated from oil-contaminated soil was characterized in this study. Fatty acid and 16s rDNA sequence analysis identified IU5 as a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and growth curve experiments identified the bacterium’s optimum conditions as pH 7 and 30 °C. P. aeruginosa IU5 degraded up to 60 of applied diesel (8500 mg/kg) over 13 days in a soil-slurry phase. In addition, this strain was able to grow on many other petroleum hydrocarbons as sole carbon sources, including crude oil, gasoline, benzene, toluene, xylene, and even PAHs such as naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene. Therefore, P. aeruginosa IU5 may be useful for bioremediation of soils and groundwater contaminated with a variety of hydrocarbons. 相似文献
12.
Pankaj Kumar Jain Vijai K. Gupta Hardik Pathak Madan Lowry D. P. Jaroli 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(8):1419-1426
The biodegradability of petroleum hydrocarbons such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-branched alkanes etc. of 2T engine oil were studied in aqueous media using bacterial strain isolated from petroleum contaminated
soil of high altitude. Out of five petroleum degrading bacterial strain one of the most growing bacteria was identified as
Enterobacter strain by morphological, physiological, biochemical and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. This strain was capable of degrading
75 ± 3% of n-alkanes, 32 ± 5% PAHs, and the abiotic loss was 24 ± 6% during 10 days incubation period. 85 ± 2% of n-alkanes and 51 ± 3% PAHs were biodegraded in 20 days. The abiotic loss during this period was 15 ± 3%. In 30 days of incubation
period 98% ± 1% n-alkanes and 75 ± 3% PAHs were degraded. As expected abiotic losses were smaller with increasing long chain alkanes and PAH’s
concentration. An increment in oil degradation was correlated to an increase in cell number indicating that the bacterial
isolate was responsible for the oil degradation. The hydrocarbon contents were measured by Shimadzu QP-2000 Gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry by ULBON HR-1 column. 相似文献
13.
Kyung-Hwa Baek Byung-Dae Yoon Hee-Mock Oh Hee-Sik Kim In-Sook Lee 《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(5):253-259
We investigated the biodegradation of hydrocarbon components by Nocardia sp. H17-1 and the catabolic genes involved in the degradation pathways of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. After 6 days of incubation, the aliphatic and aromatic fractions separated from Arabian light oil were degraded 99.0 ± 0.1% and 23.8 ± 0.8%, respectively. Detection of the catabolic genes involved in the hydrocarbon degradation indicated that H17-1 possessed the alkB genes for n-alkane biodegradation and catA gene for catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. However, H17-1 had neither the C23O gene for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons nor the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity. The investigation of the genes involved in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons supported the low degradation activity of H17-1 on the aromatic fractions. 相似文献
14.
Khanitta Somtrakoon Sudarat Suanjit Prayad Pokethitiyook Maleeya Kruatrachue Hung Lee Suchart Upatham 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(4):523-531
Pyrene and fluoranthene, when supplied as the sole carbon source, were not degraded by Burkholderia sp. VUN10013. However, when added in a mixture with phenanthrene, both pyrene and fluoranthene were degraded in liquid broth
and soil. The amounts of pyrene and fluoranthene in liquid media (initial concentrations of 50 mg l−1 each) decreased to 42.1% and 41.1%, respectively, after 21 days. The amounts of pyrene and fluoranthene in soil (initial
concentrations of 75 mg kg−1 dry soil each) decreased to 25.8% and 12.1%, respectively, after 60 days. None of the high molecular weight (HMW) polycylic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tested adversely affected phenanthrene degradation by this bacterial strain and the amount of
phenanthrene decreased rapidly within 3 and 15 days of incubation in liquid broth and soil, respectively. Anthracene also
stimulated the degradation of pyrene or fluoranthene by Burkholderia sp. VUN10013, but to a lesser extent than phenanthrene. The extent of anthracene degradation decreased in the presence of
these HMW PAHs. 相似文献
15.
16.
Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by bacterium-fungus co-cultures 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Two fungi and the phenanthrene-degrading bacterial strainRhodococcus sp. IC10 were used as inocula for the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from a manufactured gas plant
area. The two fungi, which were previously isolated from different hydrocarbon-contaminated soil samples, were identified
asAspergillus terreus andPenicillium sp. In addition, two types of co-cultures which consist of fungal species includingA. terreus orPenicilium sp. withRhodococcus sp. IC10 were applied. After a 10-week incubation period, the concentrations of anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were
totally biodegraded by days 68, 54, and 64, for the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) tested. The ecotoxicity of
the soil after bioremediation did not show any effect on the survival ofDaphnia magna (24 h-old-daphnids). However, the toxicity on seed germination ofBrassica alba and the oxidoreductase activity ofBacillus cereus declined after 5- and 10-weeks of incubation, respectively. Co-cultures ofPenicillium sp. andRhodococcus sp. IC 10 revealed the best efficiency at reducing ecotoxicity. 相似文献
17.
Ragheb A. Tahhan Rouba Youssef Abu-Ateih 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2009,63(8):1054-1060
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oily sludge concentration on its biodegradability in soil. Oily sludge was collected and applied to microcosms at full-, half-, or quarter-strength concentrations equivalent to 44.2, 22.2, and 11.1 g kg?1 soil, respectively, of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) contained in oily sludge. The biodegradability of oily sludge was evaluated by measuring CO2 evolution and by measuring removal of TPH as well as its main composing fractions; namely; alkanes, aromatics, NSO-compounds, and asphaltenes. The collected soil contained 3.63 × 106 cfu g?1 soil of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, which is satisfactory to drive successful biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil. These numbers increased significantly with oily sludge addition at a rate proportional to the added TPH reaching 3.35 × 107 cfu g?1 soil in the half-strength treatment. TPH mineralization rate followed the same pattern. However, TPH-mineralization efficiency was the greatest in quarter-strength treatment at 18.3%. TPH-removal efficiency was also highest in quarter-strength treatment at 30.9%. Nutrients addition caused mineralization inhibition. Since nutrients were added as a ratio of the added carbon, inhibition was the greatest with the highest TPH treatment. While alkanes were degraded, aromatics and asphaltenes were not, and NSO-compounds were enriched. Although SDS was completely biodegradable in soil, its addition promoted mineralization and removal of TPH from soil. 相似文献
18.
Out of a number of white-rot fungal cultures, strains ofIrpex lacteus andPleurotus ostreatus were selected for degradation of 7 three- and four-ring unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in two contaminated industrial
soils. Respective data for removal of PAH in the two industrial soils byI. lacteus were: fluorene (41 and 67%), phenanthrene (20 and 56%), anthracene (29 and 49%), fluoranthene (29 and 57%), pyrene (24 and
42%), chrysene (16 and 32%) and benzo[a]anthracene (13 and 20%). In the same two industrial soilsP. ostreatus degraded the PAH with respective removal figures of fluorene (26 and 35%), phenanthrene (0 and 20%), anthracene (19 and 53%),
fluoranthene (29 and 31%), pyrene (22 and 42%), chrysene (0 and 42%) and benzo[a]anthracene (0 and 13%). The degradation of PAH was determined against concentration of PAH in non-treated contaminated soils
after 14 weeks of incubation. The fungal degradation of PAH in soil was studied simultaneously with ecotoxicity evaluation
of fungal treated and non-treated contaminated soils. Compared to non-treated contaminated soil, fungus-treated soil samples
indicated decrease in inhibition of bioluminescence in luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischerii) and increase in germinated mustard (Brassica alba) seeds.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
19.
Degradation and Mineralization of High-Molecular-Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Defined Fungal-Bacterial Cocultures 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
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This study investigated the biodegradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liquid media and soil by bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia VUN 10,010 and bacterial consortium VUN 10,009) and a fungus (Penicillium janthinellum VUO 10,201) that were isolated from separate creosote- and manufactured-gas plant-contaminated soils. The bacteria could use pyrene as their sole carbon and energy source in a basal salts medium (BSM) and mineralized significant amounts of benzo[a]pyrene cometabolically when pyrene was also present in BSM. P. janthinellum VUO 10,201 could not utilize any high-molecular-weight PAH as sole carbon and energy source but could partially degrade these if cultured in a nutrient broth. Although small amounts of chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene were degraded by axenic cultures of these isolates in BSM containing a single PAH, such conditions did not support significant microbial growth or PAH mineralization. However, significant degradation of, and microbial growth on, pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene, each as a single PAH in BSM, occurred when P. janthinellum VUO 10,201 and either bacterial consortium VUN 10,009 or S. maltophilia VUN 10,010 were combined in the one culture, i.e., fungal-bacterial cocultures: 25% of the benzo[a]pyrene was mineralized to CO2 by these cocultures over 49 days, accompanied by transient accumulation and disappearance of intermediates detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Inoculation of fungal-bacterial cocultures into PAH-contaminated soil resulted in significantly improved degradation of high-molecular-weight PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene mineralization (53% of added [14C]benzo[a]pyrene was recovered as 14CO2 in 100 days), and reduction in the mutagenicity of organic soil extracts, compared with the indigenous microbes and soil amended with only axenic inocula. 相似文献
20.
Oudot J 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》2000,323(11):945-950
The biodegradation of the fuel oil resulting from the Erika wreck was studied by computerized gas chromatography in laboratory cultures over 80 days. The total extent of biodegradation was around 11%. The degraded compounds were the molecules of the light cracking fraction used to dilute the distillation residue, as well as n-alkanes and part of the branched alkanes. Part of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH and alkyl PAH was also degraded. The very low biodegradability of the Erika fuel is attributable to its chemical composition. The product is rich in components that are inherently resistant or refractory to microbial metabolism such as resins, asphaltenes and polycyclic saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献