An evolutionary computing approach for parameter estimation investigation of a model for cholera

We consider the problem of using time-series data to inform a corresponding deterministic model and introduce the concept of genetic algorithms (GA) as a tool for parameter estimation, providing instructions for an implementation of the method that does not require access to special toolboxes or software. We give as an example a model for cholera, a disease for which there is much mechanistic uncertainty in the literature. We use GA to find parameter sets using available time-series data from the introduction of cholera in Haiti and we discuss the value of comparing multiple parameter sets with similar performances in describing the data.     

粉质质量指数在冬小麦面团品质及烘烤品质中的应用价值研究

为了进一步了解粉质质量指数在小麦面团品质和烘烤品质评价中的作用,对90份冬小麦样品的粉质质量指数(FQN)与揉混仪参数、拉伸仪参数和面包品质参数之间的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明：FQN与揉混仪参数(峰值时间、峰值面积、8min尾高和斜率)有极显著的正相关关系,且以线性相关为主,可以用于评价小麦粉的耐揉性和筋力;FQN与拉伸曲线面积和最大拉伸阻力有较好的相关关系,但与延伸度相关性较小,且以非线性相关为主。因此,FQN不能很好地进行评价面团的拉伸特性;FQN与面包体积、面包评分和面包坚实度有一定的非线性相关关系,FQN可以用作评价面包烘烤品质的参数指标。     

Theory of counterion electrophoresis. Guidelines for determination of ligand-binding parameters

A theory is formulated to provide guidelines for the quantitative interpretation of steady-state counterion electrophoretic patterns (T.-H. Ueng and F. Bronne, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 197 (1979) 205) in terms of intrinsic ligand-binding constant and number of binding sites on the protein molecule. Briefly, the prescribed procedure calls for extrapolation of the steady-state binding constant to infinite dilution of protein to obtain a quantity which is the product of a readily evaluated kinetic factor and the intrinsic binding constant. On the other hand, extrapolation of the steady-state number of binding sites to infinite dilution can probably be dispensed with if determined at a reasonably low protein concentration.     

Part II: Dealing with parameter uncertainty and uncertainty due to choices in life cycle assessment

Results of product assessments are often criticised as to their handling of uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive methodology reflecting parameter uncertainty in combination with uncertainty due to choices in the outcome of LCAs. This paper operationalises the effect of combined parameter uncertainties in the inventory and in the characterisation factors for global warming and acidification for the comparison of two exemplary types of roof gutters. For this purpose, Latin Hypercube sampling is used in the matrix (inventory) method. To illustrate the influence of choices, the effect on LCA outcomes is shown of two different allocation procedures in open-loop recycling and three time horizons for global warming potentials. Furthermore, an uncertainty importance analysis is performed to show which parameter uncertainties mainly contribute to uncertainties in the comparison and the separate environmental profiles of the product systems. These results can be used to prioritise further data research.     

干旱胁迫下小麦叶片的电阻抗图谱参数与生理参数的关系

通过盆栽实验,在适宜水分、中度干旱和严重干旱水分条件下,分别测定了3个不同抗旱类型的7个小麦品种叶片的电阻和电抗以及保护酶活性、MDA含量、细胞膜相对透性、脯氨酸和含水量等生理参数,并拟合了胞外电阻、胞内电阻、驰豫时间以及驰豫时间的分布系数等电阻抗图谱参数,分析了叶片的电阻抗图谱参数与生理参数之间的相关性。结果表明,在受到水分胁迫后,小麦叶片的CAT、POD活性较适宜水分条件下降低,MDA含量、细胞膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量增加,含水量减小;胞外电阻、胞内电阻、驰豫时间以及驰豫时间的分布系数在品种间差异均极显著(P<0.01),而仅胞内电阻在水分处理间差异显著(P<0.05);在适宜水分条件下,胞外电阻与细胞膜透性有显著负相关,驰豫时间与丙二醛、含水量之间有显著正相关,而在严重干旱条件下,驰豫时间分布系数与丙二醛含量之间有显著正相关,胞内电阻与含水量之间有显著负相关。可见,胞内电阻和驰豫时间分布系数在一定程度上反映了小麦叶片受水分胁迫的程度。     

关于建立植物区系特征参数的设想

本文从植物区系研究的现状和植物区系本身的持点提出了研究植物区系的三个特征参数,即相对丰盛度(R)、相对古老度(A)和相对特有度(E)。     

青岛沿岸水体原生生物群落与水质状况的关系

于2007年9—10月间利用改良的PFU(polyurethane foam unit)法——BPFU(bottled PFU)法对青岛沿岸水体中原生生物群落的结构和功能参数进行了快速观测,进而分析了原生生物群落与水质状况间的相互关系,并结合理化指标对水体的水质状况进行了评价。期间共观测到原生生物263种:其中硅藻83种,鞭毛虫59种,肉足虫31种,纤毛虫90种。结果表明:用BPFU法测定和计算的原生生物群落的结构参数(种类数、丰度、多样性指数)和功能参数(Seq、G、T90%)所反映的水质状况和理化指标所反映的基本一致,证明BPFU法适用于海洋近岸水体的快速监测。同时将通过原生生物群落所得的结构参数和功能参数与通过原生动物群落所得的进行了比较,发现由原生生物群落计算的结构参数和功能参数能更有效、更准确地反映水质的状况。     

用微型生物群落评价常德市水系的研究

本文应用PFU法对常德水系四季微型生物群落的结构和功能进行了分析。根据MacArthur-Wilson平衡模型提出了3个功能参数,测定了微型生物的2个结构参数。同步进行了16个站四季的水质分析,提出化学综合污染指数(P)。经统计学处理,P和微型生物群落的HI、S_(eq)、G、T_(90％)等指数均呈显著性相关。物种多样性(d)也在一定程度上反映出城市水体的不同污染程度。再次证明PFU微型生物监测方法的科学性,为生物监测提供了快速、经济、正确的新方法。     

Changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) after inoculation with dengue virus

Background Marmosets are susceptible to dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, blood parameter data and clinical signs of DENV-infected marmosets are limited. Methods Blood hematological and serum biochemical values were obtained from twelve DENV-inoculated and four mock-infected marmosets. Additionally, body temperature and activity level were determined. Results Five DENV-inoculated marmosets demonstrated thrombocytopenia, nine demonstrated leucopenia, and five demonstrated an increase in the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, and BUN. Additionally, seven DENV-inoculated marmosets demonstrated clinical signs including fever and decreases in activity. None of the four mock-inoculated marmosets demonstrated changes in either hematological or biochemical parameters. Conclusions Marmosets inoculated with DENV exhibited clinical signs and changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The results suggest that blood parameter data and clinical signs could potentially be useful markers for understanding the progress of DENV infection in studies using marmosets.     

云南省少数民族皮纹研究—白族等十一个民族皮纹正常值测定

本文报告了云南省白族等11个少数民族14项皮纹正常值参数,并与汉族、北美白人作了比较,进行了统计学分析与聚类分析。结果表明,皮纹这一类遗传性状不仅在各人种之间有显著差异,而且在我国各民族之间也存在显著差异。各民族有自己皮纹的特异性。     

90O例佤族青少年的手纹研究

本文报告了900例佤族的10项皮纹参数正常值测定,并与汉族和白色人种进行了比较分析。结果表明,佤族的皮纹有自己的特点,又具有蒙古人种的一般皮纹特征。     

正廿面体病毒的三角形剖分数的数学分析

本文通过列表和绘制图像的方法,对计算正二十面体病毒T值的几个公式进行了数学分析。从而揭示出了T值与其它衣壳参数之间的内在联系。并阐述了一些参数比。为进一步加深对衣壳参数理解和认识提供了理论依据。     

贵州省水族12项皮纹参数正常值测定及其与汉族的比较

本文报告了411例水族和425例汉族的12项皮纹参数正常值测定。     

矩阵的加号逆理论在参数估计中的应用

本文从矩阵的加号逆理论出发,根据求矛盾线性方程组最佳逼近解的方法,建立起一种新的参数估计方法,同时给出了显著性检验方法,这种方法更简单更精确．     

赫哲族掌指纹特征研究

本文对166名健康赫哲族人的掌指纹进行了研究,其中男性86名,女性80名。本文列出了58个赫哲族掌指纹参数,将其中52个掌指纹特征输入电子计算机,进行了相关及主成份分析。并且,将赫哲族的掌指纹特征与汉族的掌指纹特征进行了比较。 结果表明:赫哲族的掌指纹特征是与汉族相似的,并且有自己的特征;双手同名指的相关系数大于非同名指,单手相邻指的相关系数大于相隔指;在有关掌指纹特征的研究中,指纹的重要性大于掌纹。     

豆蚜实验种群生命表参数的研究

应用回归旋转组合设计研究了豆蚜Aphis craccivora Koch的20个实验种群生命表,列出了20种不同温、湿度、光周期组合下豆蚜种群生命表的重要参数(净增殖率R₀,平均世代周期T,内禀增长率r_m)及其与温、湿、光周期关系的二次回归模型.温度,湿度,光周期对R₀,T,r_m影响的相对大小各依次为72.78(温),7.38(湿),19.84(光)%;79.13,10.95,9.92%;85.48,14.52%(光周期对r_m的影响不显著).使r_m最大的温、湿度组合为25℃温度和72%相对湿度.     

幼虫期食物量对致倦库蚊实验种群动态的影响

在室温26±1℃和相对湿度80％的条件下,以食物充足和食物缺少两种处理饲养致倦库蚊Culex quinquefasciatus Say幼虫。实验表明,幼虫期食物量不仅对幼虫有影响,而且对成蚊期一系列种群参数均有明显影响。净增殖率R_0、内禀增长能力r_m和有限速率γ降低,种群增长受抑制不仅是由于幼虫期食物量减少使幼虫发育速率减慢、存活率下降所致,且与成蚊的年龄特征存活率及年龄特征产雌率有关。各年龄组雌蚊所产的卵的孵出率随年龄的增长而下降,故以卵孵出数计算产雌率m_x所得的种群参数值较为客观,而以卵孵出率与年龄关系的回归方程校正以卵数计算的m.,同样达到上述目的。本文还提供广州致倦库蚊实验种群生命表特征的资料。     

16种爬行动物血细胞形态学参数研究

本文对１６种爬行动物的血细胞进行显微观察,并对细胞大小进行测量和白细胞数量的比例进行了测定。结果表明：龟类红细胞明显大于其它爬行动物;白细胞的数量比例有一定的科种特征;龟类的嗜中性、嗜酸性白细胞比例高,而淋巴细胞比例很低。石龙子科淋巴细胞比例很高,蜥蝎类和蛇类嗜中性细胞和淋巴细胞的比例较高,蛇蜥、赤链蛇的单核细胞比例高。     

Application of uncertainty and variability in LCA

As yet, the application of an uncertainty and variability analysis is not common practice in LCAs. A proper analysis will be facilitated when it is clear which types of uncertainties and variabilities exist in LCAs and which tools are available to deal with them. Therefore, a framework is developed to classify types of uncertainty and variability in LCAs. Uncertainty is divided in (1) parameter uncertainty, (2) model uncertainty, and (3) uncertainty due to choices, while variability covers (4) spatial variability, (5) temporal variability, and (6) variability between objects and sources. A tool to deal with parameter uncertainty and variability between objects and sources in both the inventory and the impact assessment is probabilistic simulation. Uncertainty due to choices can be dealt with in a scenario analysis or reduced by standardisation and peer review. The feasibility of dealing with temporal and spatial variability is limited, implying model uncertainty in LCAs. Other model uncertainties can be reduced partly by more sophisticated modelling, such as the use of non-linear inventory models in the inventory and multi media models in the characterisation phase.