Gold Nanoparticles from Induced Au3+→Au0 Reaction in Polyvinyl Alcohol Molecules in Presence of Sucrose in Hot Water

In hot water (50–60°C), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) molecules have coordination reaction with Au³⁺ cations, forming an Au³⁺-PVA polymer complex. In the proposed model reaction in small templates, the complex converts to Au⁰ capping in PVA molecules. Adding sucrose (5–10 times the PVA in mass) in a typical batch promotes Au³⁺→Au⁰ reaction, showing absorption coefficient α in Au⁰ surface plasmon band to be enhanced as much as 28 times the value in reaction with PVA. The band shifts at 547 nm from 566 nm (α  =  21.4 cm⁻¹ mol⁻¹) in the PVA sample. Drying Au⁰-PVA/sucrose (2–5 wt% Au⁰) colloid at 60–70°C and then heating at 450°C in air burns off the organic part, leaving behind a light ash colored powder with Au⁰ nanoprisms or nanofibrils (∼30 nm average width). X-ray diffractogram has six reflections, (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), and (400), of Fm3m fcc Au⁰ of lattice parameter a  =  0.4080 nm. The powder has photoluminescence in transversal and longitudinal Au⁰ plasmon bands of 535 and 585 nm, respectively.     

Observation of Size-Dependent Electron–Phonon Scattering and Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Quenching in Triangular-Shaped Silver Nanoparticles

Plasmonics - Research studies on plasmonic properties of triangular-shaped silver nanoparticles might lead to several interesting applications. However, in this work, triangular-shaped silver...     

INFLAM – INFLAMmation in Brain and Vessels with Iron Nanoparticles and Cell Trafficking: A Multiscale Approach of Tissue Microenvironment,Iron Nanostructure and Iron Biotransformation

Background

Inflammation is a share process in atherosclerosis and stroke and is thought to be a key player in the evolution of these diseases. Ten years ago, inflammation imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was considered very promising for both pre-clinical and clinical studies of atherosclerosis and stroke.

Nanoparticle Fullerene (C60) demonstrated stable binding with antibacterial potential towards probable targets of drug resistant Salmonella typhi – a computational perspective and in vitro investigation

Salmonella typhi, a Gram negative bacterium, has become multidrug resistant (MDR) to wide classes of antibacterials which necessitate an alarming precaution. This study focuses on the binding potential and therapeutic insight of Nano-Fullerene C60 towards virulent targets of Salmonella typhi by computational prediction and preliminary in vitro assays. The clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi were collected and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were assessed. The drug targets of pathogen were selected by rigorous literature survey and gene network analysis by various metabolic network resources. Based on this study, 20 targets were screened and the 3D structures of few drug targets were retrieved from PDB and others were computationally predicted. The structures of nanoleads such as Fullerene C60, ZnO and CuO were retrieved from drug databases. The binding potential of these nanoleads towards all selected targets were predicted by molecular docking. The best docked conformations were screened and concept was investigated by preliminary bioassays. This study revealed that most of the isolates of Salmonella typhi were found to be MDR (p < .05). The theoretical models of selected drug targets showed high stereochemical validity. The molecular docking studies suggested that Fullerene C60 showed better binding affinity towards the drug targets when compared to ZnO and CuO. The preliminary in vitro assays suggested that 100 μg/L Fullerene C60 posses significant inhibitory activities and absence of drug resistance to this nanoparticle. This study suggests that Fullerene C60 can be scaled up as probable lead molecules against the major drug targets of MDR Salmonella typhi.     

Al uptake kinetics in roots of Melastoma malabathricum L. – an Al accumulator plant

The mechanism of Al uptake in melastoma (Melastoma malabathricum L.), which accumulates Al in excess of 10 000 mg kg^–1 in its leaves and roots, was investigated. Al uptake kinetics in excised melastoma roots showed a biphasic pattern, with an initial rapid phase followed by a slow phase. It was indicated that Al uptake in the excised roots occurs mostly through passive accumulation in the apoplast. On the other hand, Al uptake rate in roots of whole melastoma plant was almost double that in excised roots. The difference of Al uptake rate between excised roots and whole plant seems to be due to transpiration-depended Al uptake. Results from a long-term experiment showed that different characteristics of Al accumulation between melastoma and barley was caused by the difference in capacity to retain Al in root symplast, rather than by the difference in uptake rate into symplast. Concentrations of oxalate in root symplastic and apoplastic fractions, and total oxalate in shoots and roots, did not change greatly with time of Al exposure compared to Al concentration, although oxalate is considered as a main Al ligand in tissue of melastoma. On the other hand, oxalate exudation to root apoplast was induced within 24 h of Al exposure; the role of such exudation was discussed.     

The Effect of Double – Blind Carbohydrate Ingestion during 60 km of Self-Paced Exercise in Warm Ambient Conditions

This study evaluated double blind ingestions of placebo (PLA) versus 6% carbohydrate (CHO) either as capsules (c) or beverage (b) during 60 km self-paced cycling in the heat (32°C and 50% relative humidity). Ten well-trained males (mean ± SD: 26±3 years; 64.5±7.7 kg and 70.7±8.8 ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹ maximal oxygen consumption) completed four separate 60 km time trials (TT) punctuated by 1 km sprints (14, 29, 44, 59 km) whilst ingesting either PLA_b or PLA_c or CHO_b or CHO_c. The TT was not different among treatments (PLA_b 130.2±11.2 min, CHO_b 140.5±18.1 min, PLA_c 143.1±29.2 min, CHO_c 137.3±20.1 min; P>0.05). Effect size (Cohen’s d) for time was only moderate when comparing CHO_b – PLA_b (d = 0.68) and PLA_b – PLA_c (d = 0.57) whereas all other ES were ‘trivial’ to ‘small’. Mean speed throughout the trial was significantly higher for PLA_b only (P<0.05). Power output was only different (P<0.05) between the sprints and low intensity efforts within and across conditions. Core and mean skin temperatures were similar among trials. We conclude that CHO ingestion is of little or no benefit as a beverage compared with placebo during 60 km TT in the heat.     

Nonlinear theory of large-amplitude stationary solitary waves in symmetric unmagnetized e − e + and C 60 − C 60 + plasmas

It is shown that large-amplitude stationary solitary electrostatic waves can exist in a symmetric plasma (e ^? e ⁺ or C ₆₀ ^? C ₆₀ ⁺ ), and the relevant parameter ranges (i.e., the range of the Mach numbers and the degree to which the plasma should be nonequilibrium) are determined. The basic requirement for the existence of such waves, specifically, that the symmetric plasma be in a nonequilibrium state, can easily be satisfied in low-density collisionless ideal plasmas under laboratory conditions.     

Innate Immune Function in Placenta and Cord Blood of Hepatitis C – Seropositive Mother-Infant Dyads

Vertical transmission accounts for the majority of pediatric cases of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. In contrast to the adult population who develop persistent viremia in ∼80% of cases following exposure, the rate of mother-to-child transmission (2–6%) is strikingly low. Protection from vertical transmission likely requires the coordination of multiple components of the immune system. Placenta and decidua provide a direct connection between mother and infant. We hypothesized that innate immune responses would differ across the three compartments (decidua, placenta and cord blood) and that hepatitis C exposure would modify innate immunity in these tissues. The study was comprised of HCV-infected and healthy control mother and infant pairs from whom cord blood, placenta and decidua were collected with isolation of mononuclear cells. Multiparameter flow cytometry was performed to assess the phenotype, intracellular cytokine production and cytotoxicity of the cells. In keeping with a model where the maternal-fetal interface provides antiviral protection, we found a gradient in proportional frequencies of NKT and γδ-T cells being higher in placenta than cord blood. Cytotoxicity of NK and NKT cells was enhanced in placenta and placental NKT cytotoxicity was further increased by HCV infection. HCV exposure had multiple effects on innate cells including a decrease in activation markers (CD69, TRAIL and NKp44) on NK cells and a decrease in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in both placenta and cord blood of exposed infants. In summary, the placenta represents an active innate immunological organ that provides antiviral protection against HCV transmission in the majority of cases; the increased incidence in preterm labor previously described in HCV-seropositive mothers may be related to enhanced cytotoxicity of NKT cells.     

Studies of α- and βL-Crystallin Complex Formation in Solution at 60°C

Studies of molecular mechanisms of chaperone-like activity of -crystallin became an active field of research over last years. However, fine interactions between -crystallin and the damaged protein and their complex organization remain largely uncovered. Complexation between - and _L-crystallins was studied during thermal denaturation of _L-crystallin at 60°C using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), light scattering, gel-permeation chromatography, and electrophoresis. A mixed solution of - and _L-crystallins at concentrations about 10 mg/ml incubated at 60°C was found to contain their soluble complexes with a mean radius of gyration 14 nm, mean molecular mass 4 MDa and maximal size over 40 nm. In pure _L-crystallin solution, no complexes were observed at 60°C. In SAXS studies, transitions in the -crystallin quaternary structure at 60°C were shown to occur and result in doubling of the molecular weight. This suggests that during the temperature-induced denaturation of _L-crystallin it binds with modified -crystallin or, alternatively, _L-crystallin complexation and -crystallin modifications are concurrent. Estimates of the -_L-crystallin complex size and relative contents of - and -_L-crystallins in the complex suggest that several -crystallin molecules are involved in complex formation.     

Behavioural responses of brown trout, Salmo trutta, juveniles in concentration gradients of pH and Al – a laboratory study

Behavioural responses including avoidance behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta, juveniles were tested in waters of different pH (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 7.0) without Al additions, and with and without Al (< 10, 70 and 190 g labile Al l^-1) at pH 5.0. Single fish were tested in a tank where control (pH 7.0, < 10 g labile Al l^-1) and the various acid water qualities could be separated, and where the fish could swim freely. Each test lasted for one hour and included a five-min acclimation period in control water, a 15-min mixing period, and an additional 40-min test period after the chemical gradient was established. When Al was added at pH 5.0, the fish showed significant avoidance at the highest Al concentration, and spent on average 32% of the time in the acid, Al-rich side versus 68% in the control side. This avoidance response increased with time during the test period. Brown trout juveniles showed significant attraction to low pH water at pH 4.0 (p < 0.05), pH 4.5 (p < 0.001) and pH 5.0 (p < 0.05) (67, 74 and 68% of the time spent in the acid side, respectively), whereas no attraction/avoidance was demonstrated at pH 5.5. The lack of avoidance in the low pH treatments was associated with reduced activity in the acid side, and may have been caused by a slight elevation of free CO₂ within the test apparatus.     

Disorders in the Cytoskeleton of Astroglia and Neurons in the Rat Brain Induced by Long-Lasting Exposure to Ethanol and Correction of These Shifts by Hydrated Fullerene С<Subscript>60</Subscript>

Using an immunoblotting technique, we examined the content of proteins of intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton of neurons and astroglial cells and also changes in the polypeptide composition of these proteins in different brain regions of rats subjected to long-term (12 weeks) alcoholization. The sensitivity of these indices to the effect of ethanol in different cerebral structures was in the following sequence: hippocampus > cerebral cortex > cerebellum. The greatest changes in a marker of the astrocyte cytoskeleton (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) were observed in the hippocampus of alcoholized animals, where the GFAP level was by 72% lower with respect to the control values. In this cerebral region, the content of the neurofilament 210-kdalton subunit also sharply dropped (by 76% with respect to the control). A positive correlation between a decrease in the GFAP content and loss of the neurofilament 210-kdalton subunit was demonstrated. These data show that the organization of the intracellular filamentary system of neurons and gliocytes is disturbed under experimental conditions, and this is one of the probable reasons for cell death in the nerve tissue induced by chronic consumption of ethanol. The use of a hydrated form of fullerene С₆₀ (its molecular/colloid solution) for antioxidant correction of the pathological state of the CNS induced by the above-mentioned toxicant removed, to a considerable extent, negative modifications of cytoskeletal structures and protected astroglial and nerve cells from degeneration. Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 331–339, July–August, 2008.     

Complexation of C6-Ceramide with Cholesteryl Phosphocholine – A Potent Solvent-Free Ceramide Delivery Formulation for Cells in Culture

Ceramides are potent bioactive molecules in cells. However, they are very hydrophobic molecules, and difficult to deliver efficiently to cells. We have made fluid bilayers from a short-chain D-erythro-ceramide (C6-Cer) and cholesteryl phosphocholine (CholPC), and have used this as a formulation to deliver ceramide to cells. C6-Cer complexed with CholPC led to much larger biological effects in cultured cells (rat thyroid FRTL-5 and human HeLa cells in culture) compared to C6-Cer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis was significantly more efficient by C6-Cer/CholPC compared to C6-Cer dissolved in DMSO. C6-Cer/CholPC also permeated cell membranes and caused mitochondrial Ca²⁺ influx more efficiently than C6-Cer in DMSO. Even though CholPC was taken up by cells to some extent (from C6-Cer/CholPC bilayers), and was partially hydrolyzed to free cholesterol (about 9%), none of the antiproliferative effects were due to CholPC or excess cholesterol. The ceramide effect was not limited to D-erythro-C6-Cer, since L-erythro-C6-Cer and D-erythro-C6-dihydroCer also inhibited cell priolifereation and affected Ca²⁺ homeostasis. We conclude that C6-Cer complexed to CholPC increased the bioavailability of the short-chain ceramide for cells, and potentiated its effects in comparison to solvent-dissolved C6-Cer. This new ceramide formulation appears to be superior to previous solvent delivery approaches, and may even be useful with longer-chain ceramides.     

Hepatic Fibrosis Progression in HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infection – The Effect of Sex on Risk of Significant Fibrosis Measured by Aspartate-to-Platelet Ratio Index

Background

In Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection, male sex is associated with faster liver fibrosis progression but the effects of sex have not been well studied in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. We examined the influence of sex on progression to significant liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) as a surrogate biomarker of liver fibrosis.

Methods

We evaluated 308 HIV infected, HCV RNA positive participants of a Canadian multicentre prospective cohort receiving antiretrovirals and without significant liver fibrosis or end-stage liver disease at baseline. We used multivariate discrete-time proportional hazards models to assess the effect of sex on time to significant fibrosis (APRI≥1.5) adjusting for baseline age, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, HCV duration, and APRI and time-updated CD4 count and HIV RNA.

Results

Overall, 55 (18%) participants developed an APRI ≥ 1.5 over 544 person-years of at-risk follow-up time; 18 (21%) women (incidence rate (IR)=14.0/100 PY; 7.5-20.4) and 37 (17%) men (IR=8.9/100 PY; 6.0-11.8). Women had more favourable profiles with respect to traditional risk factors for liver disease progression (younger, shorter duration of HCV infection and less alcohol use). Despite this, female sex was associated with a greater than two-fold increased risk of fibrosis progression (adjusted hazard rate (HR) =2.23; 1.22-4.08).

Conclusions

HIV-HCV co-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy were at significantly greater risk of progressing to liver fibrosis as measured by APRI compared with men. Enhanced efforts to engage and treat co-infected women for HCV are needed.     

Cystatins – Extra- and intracellular cysteine protease inhibitors: High-level secretion and uptake of cystatin C in human neuroblastoma cells

Cystatins are present in mammals, birds, fish, insects, plants, fungi and protozoa and constitute a large protein family, with most members sharing a cysteine protease inhibitory function. In humans 12 functional cystatins exist, forming three groups based on molecular organisation and distribution in the organism. The type 1 cystatins (A and B) are known as intracellular, type 2 cystatins (C, D, E/M, F, G, S, SN and SA) extracellular and type 3 cystatins (L- and H-kininogen) intravascular proteins. The present paper is focused on the human cystatins and especially those of type 2, which are directed (with signal peptides) for cellular export following translation. Results indicating existence of systems for significant internalisation of type 2 cystatins from the extracellular to intracellular compartments are reviewed. Data showing that human neuroblastoma cell lines generally secrete high levels, but also contain high amounts of cystatin C are presented. Culturing of these cells in medium containing cystatin C at concentrations found in body fluids resulted in increased intracellular cystatin C, as a result of an uptake process. At immunofluorescence cytochemistry a pronounced vesicular cystatin C staining was observed. The simplistic denotation of the type 2 cystatins as extracellular inhibitors is thus challenged, and possible biological functions of the internalised cystatins are discussed. To illustrate the special case of high cellular cystatin content seen in cells of patients with hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy, expression vectors for wild-type and L68Q mutated cystatin C were used to transfect SK-N-BE(2) cells. Clones overexpressing the two variants showed increased secreted levels of cystatin C. Within the cells the L68Q variant appeared to mainly localise to the endoplasmic reticulum rather than to acidic vesicular organelles, indicating limitations in the transport out from the cell rather than increased uptake as explanation for the elevated cellular cystatin levels seen in hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy.     

Amidox,an Inhibitor of Ribonucleotide Reductase,Potentiates the Action of Ara‐C in HL‐60 Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

Amidox (3,4‐dihydroxybenzamidoxime), a new polyhydroxy‐substituted benzoic acid derivative, is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RR), which catalyses the de novo synthesis of DNA. RR is considered to be an excellent target for cancer chemotherapy. In the present study we investigated the antineoplastic effects of Amidox alone and in combination with Arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara‐C) in HL‐60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. In growth inhibition experiments Amidox yielded an IC₅₀ of 30 µM, colony formation was inhibited at an IC₅₀ of 20 µM as determined by a soft agar assay. Exposure of the cells to 75 and 100 µM Amidox for 24 hours was shown to significantly decrease intracellular dCTP, dGTP and dATP pools, whereas dTTP concentration increased, as determined by HPLC. The combination of Amidox with Ara‐C yielded more than additive cytotoxic effects both in growth inhibition assays and in soft agar assays. We could show that—after preincubating the cells with 75 and 100 µM Amidox and subsequent exposure to Ara‐C—intracellular Ara‐CTP levels increased by 576% and 1143%, respectively. In conclusion, Amidox might offer an additional option for the treatment of leukemia and thus be further investigated in vitro and in vivo.     

Assessment of airborne endotoxin in sandstorm dust and indoor environments using a novel passive sampling device in Al Zulfi city,Saudi Arabia – Establishing threshold exposure levels

The impact of sandstorm dust events affects local air quality and public health. These issues are becoming of greater concern in Saudi Arabia. There is a significant lack of research on airborne endotoxin exposure and analysis in the Middle East countries and no coherent body of research exists focusing on sandstorm dust in worldwide. In this study, we used a novel design of an aluminum foil plate (AFP) electrostatic dust cloth (EDC) for the passive air sampling of sandstorm dust. A total of 38 sandstorm dust samples were collected during sandstorm episodes occurring between January and April 2020 in both indoor (7 days, n = 20) and outdoor environments (24 h, n = 18). After exposure, and following an extraction procedure, bacterial endotoxin levels were measured using the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) gel clot method. The study highlights that the airborne endotoxin level observed was between 10 and 200 EU/m² in both indoor and outdoor environments, during a sandstorm event. Agricultural activities and farmhouses observed higher airborne endotoxin levels. In general, increased endotoxin levels were related to the severity of the sandstorms. Given that the observed values were high as per existing guidelines for respiratory health, we recommend the setting an occupational airborne exposure limit for bacterial endotoxin. This is the first report and further studies across various sandstorm-hit regions will need to be undertaken, together with various sampling methods, in order to assess for seasonal and geographic trends.     

Structure,chaperone activity,and aggregation of wild-type and R12C mutant αB-crystallins in the presence of thermal stress and calcium ion – Implications for role of calcium in cataract pathogenesis

The current study was performed with the aim to evaluate the chaperoning ability, structural features, and aggregation propensity of wild-type and R12C mutant αB-crystallins (αB-Cry) under thermal stress and in the presence of calcium ion. The results of different spectroscopic analyses suggest that wild-type and mutant αB-Cry have dissimilar secondary and tertiary structures. Moreover, αB-Cry indicates slightly improved chaperone activity upon the R12C mutation. Thermal stress and calcium, respectively, enhance and reduce the extent of solvent-exposed hydrophobic surfaces accompanying formation of ordered and non-ordered aggregate entities in both proteins. Compared to the wild-type protein, the R12C mutant counterpart shows significant resistance against thermal and calcium-induced aggregation. In addition, in the presence of calcium, significant structural variation was accompanied by reduction in the solvent-exposed hydrophobic patches and attenuation of chaperone activity in both proteins. Additionally, gel mobility shift assay indicates the intrinsic propensity of R12C mutant αB-Cry for disulfide bridge-mediated protein dimerization. Overall, the results of this study are of high significance for understanding the molecular details of different factors that are involved in the pathomechanism of cataract disorders.     

Photodynamic anti-cancer effects of fullerene [C60]–PEG complex on fibrosarcomas preferentially over normal fibroblasts in terms of fullerene uptake and cytotoxicity

A water-soluble complex of fullerene [C₆₀]:polyethylene glycol (PEG) (1:350 wt/wt) (C₆₀–PEG), but not PEG alone, was found in the present study by ESR/DMPO spin-trap method to generate hydroxyl radicals 6.5-fold as abundant as the non-irradiation level, when irradiated with visible light (400–600 nm, 140 J/cm²: 450-fold as intense as in average outdoor), but not to generate without irradiation. At 3 h after irradiation with C₆₀–PEG, human fibrosarcoma cells HT1080 were obviously degenerated together with diminished microvilli, cell shrinkage and cell fragmentation as observed by SEM and were shown either for increased cytotoxicity by dual stains with calcein-AM and propidium iodide or for nuclear condensation and fragmentation by Hoechst 33342 stain, any of which were, in contrast, scarcely changed in normal human fibroblastic cells DUMS16 derived from the same connective tissue type as HT1080 cells. Under the conditions, the maximum intracellular uptake amount was more abundant for HT1080 cells than for DUMS16 cells, either by immunostain/fluorography using polyclonal antibody against fullerene [C₆₀], or by HPLC method indicating the 2.4-fold preferential uptake of C₆₀–PEG into HT1080 cells, suggested to greater phagocytotic ability characteristic of cancer cells, over DUMS16 cells being non-macrophage-like normal cells. Thus, C₆₀–PEG is expected as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy with scarce side effects to normal cells and preferential reactive oxygen species generation in cancer cells.     

Protective effect of sesamol against 60Co γ-ray-induced hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injury in C57BL/6 male mice

Abstract

Protection of γ-ray-induced injury in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal (GI) systems is the rationale behind developing radioprotectors. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the radioprotective efficacy and mechanisms underlying sesamol in amelioration of γ-ray-induced hematopoietic and GI injury in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were pre-treated with a single dose (100 or 50 mg/kg, 30 min prior) of sesamol through the intraperitoneal route and exposed to LD_50/30 (7.5 Gy) and sublethal (5 Gy) dose of γ-radiation. Thirty-day survival against 7.5 Gy was monitored. Sesamol (100 mg/kg) pre-treatment reduced radiation-induced mortality and resulted survival of about 100% against 7.5 Gy of γ-irradiation. Whole-body irradiation drastically depleted hematopoietic progenitor stem cells in bone marrow, B cells, T cell subpopulations, and splenocyte proliferation in the spleen on day 4, which were significantly protected in sesamol pre-treated mice. This was associated with a decrease of radiation-induced micronuclei (MN) and apoptosis in bone marrow and spleen, respectively. Sesamol pre-treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation, translocation of gut bacteria to spleen, liver, and kidney, and enhanced regeneration of crypt cells in the GI system. In addition, sesamol pre-treatment reduced the radiation-induced pattern of expression of p53 and Bax apoptotic proteins in the bone marrow, spleen, and GI. This reduction in apoptotic proteins was associated with the increased anti-apoptotic-Bcl-x and PCNA proteins. Further, assessment of antioxidant capacity using ABTS and DPPH assays revealed that sesamol treatment alleviated total antioxidant capacity in spleen and GI tissue. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that sesamol as a single prophylactic dose protects hematopoietic and GI systems against γ-radiation-induced injury in mice.