“绿叶中色素的提取和分离”实验改进的探索

"绿叶中色素的提取和分离"是人教版高中生物学教材中一个重要的学生分组实验,师生结合教材研究了大量相关资料,选取部分方法优化实验,以期找到适合中学生物学实验操作的最优方法。     

“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”实验改进

本实验是高中生物必做实验之一。根据我地区的实际情况 ,为了使学生更好、更快、更安全节约地做好实验 ,我们做了一些改进 ,取得了较好效果。现介绍如下。1　改进的内容1.1　提取色素　取校园草坪中青草 5 g剪碎放于研钵中 ,加二氧化硅和碳酸钙各 1/ 4牛角匙 ,充分研磨后再加入无水酒精 2 ml迅速研磨。然后用一块干净的细纱布叠成 2～ 4层 ,铺于直径 6cm的培养皿上 ,将研磨后的叶片匀浆倒在纱布上 ,收拢纱布用力挤捏 ,即可在培养皿中收集到色深液浓的色素滤液 ,盖好培养皿盖待用。1.2　制备滤纸条　将干燥处理的滤纸顺纸纹方向剪成10 cm× 1…     

"叶绿体中色素的提取和分离"实验改进

“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”是《生物》(人教版 ,必修 )中要求层次较高、操作难度较大、考查频率高的一个实验 ,值得师生重视 ,但是按照教材的实验步骤和方法 ,多数学生把握不够 ,操作不当。分离后的色带或不全或色浅 ,辨认困难 ,实验效果皆不理想。笔者在实验教学中将有关操作作了调整 ,获得了较好的实验结果。1　教材中值得推敲的地方1 1　教材推荐用菠菜为实验材料。菠菜生长受季节的限制 ,有的季节很难采集。另外菠菜叶片含水量较高 ,较多的水分子与丙酮分子接触 ,降低了丙酮对色素分子的萃取率 ,导致提取液中含色素分子少 ,进而影响…     

叶绿体色素的提取和分离实验的拓展

叶绿体色素的提取和分离实验的拓展张淑兰（山东省潍坊教育学院生物系,２６２５００）高中课本中叶绿体色素的提取和分离是用层析法验证叶绿体色素的种类和各种色素的颜色。叶绿体含有四种主要光合色素：叶绿素ａ、叶绿素ｂ、叶黄素和胡萝卜素。这些色素不溶于水,但溶于...     

叶绿体中色素的提取和分离实验的改进

叶绿体中色素的提取和分离实验是高中生物学中的一个经典学生实验,有助于学生了解光合作用色素的种类和作用.针对目前存在的实验历时长、演示效果不佳等问题,对实验方法、步骤进行了若干改进.     

提高"叶绿体中色素的提取和分离"实验效果经验点滴

学生在做高中生物学“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”实验时 ,常有部分学生得不到明显的实验结果 ,所以 ,对本实验做了以下改进的尝试 :1　用Na2 CO3取代CaCO3因学生把握不好CaCO3的用量 ,致使难溶于水的CaCO3白色粉沫明显地残存于滤液中 ,影响实验效果。经过实验 ,Na2 CO3同样具有保护叶绿素的作用 ,且有易溶于水的优点 ,故可改用少许Na2 CO3代替CaCO3。2　充分研磨后再加丙酮在研钵中 ,2mL丙酮室温下 1min 45s即可挥发完毕。若先加丙酮再研磨 ,不等研磨完 ,丙酮已全部挥发 ,失去作用 ,故加丙酮的时间应在研磨后。3　纱布过滤制滤液…     

对“光合色素的提取和分离”实验的延伸设计

高中生物学新课程提倡探究性学习,就非绿色植物叶片与绿色植物叶片在光合色素的提取和分离实验中呈现出来的一些不同的现象,对该实验进行了一定的延伸设计。试图通过对照实验,使学生直观地区分光合色素和花青素类的不同溶解特性。     

用多种方法进行“光合色素的提取与分离”

在进行“光合色素的提取和分离”这个活动时,不但严格按照浙科版的内容实施了一遍,而且查阅了资料,对其他教师的改进和创新进行了收集与实验,并比较了各种方法的优点以供各位教师参考.     

"绿叶中色素提取与分离的再探究"教学设计

联系多年教学经验和高中学生实际情况,以"绿叶中色素提取与分离"实验为例,沿循"自主学习,提出疑惑""立体整合,优化设计""预实验,检查验证"和"微课题,再探究"的主线,进行教学再设计,以期在高中生物学实验课堂真正地落实生物学学科核心素养.     

An improved method for extraction and separation of photosynthetic pigments

The method for extracting and separating hydrophobic photosynthetic pigments proposed by Katayama et al. (Japanese Journal of Phycology, 42, 71-77, 1994) has been improved to introduce it to student laboratories at the senior high school level. Silica gel powder was used for removing water from fresh materials prior to extracting pigments by a mixture of organic solvents that was also used for chromatographic separation of the pigments. A small silica gel thin-layer plate or a paper strip was used for separating the pigments. The improved method may be applicable to all kinds of plant materials including algae, is easier than most other methods, and can lead to more successful results in separating these pigments by both thin-layer chromatography and paper chromatography. The method has been carried out in student laboratories in some senior high schools and universities in Japan. The results indicate that this laboratory exercise is effective for students to recognise the unity and diversity of plants. Therefore, this laboratory seems to be useful for teaching plant systematics as well as for teaching photosynthesis.     

茶多酚提取方法的研究进展

茶多酚是一种理想的食品天然抗氧化剂,具有抗癌治病、防衰老、防辐射、消除人体自由基等多种生理功效,广泛用于食品、油脂、医药、化工等行业。近年来,对于茶多酚的提取方法多见于报遗,本文就国内外茶多酚提取方法的研究进展情况作以综述。     

Isocitrate lyase in green leaves

Isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1) has been demonstrated in crude dialyzed extracts of healthy spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves from commercial sources and wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) leaves stored in darkness in the cold room for 1 week. The products of the reaction were identified as glyoxylate and succinate, the former by its phenylhydrazone, and the latter traced by isotopic labeling and cochromatography. Fresh spinach extracts contain a mixture of at least two endogenous inhibitors of isocitrate lyase activity and one of them is proteinaceous. The endogenous inhibitor(s) is thermostable and retains 50% of its inhibitory effect even after boiling for 10 minutes. Dark starvation of the leaves removes the inhibition, due possibly to autolysis of the inhibitor(s). The inhibitor(s) can also be removed by filtration through Sephadex gels. The crude extract from spinach shows double pH optima in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and pH 8.0. The apparent Km at pH 7.4 was 0.1 mm. Oxaloacetate, dl-malate, succinate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and glycolate at 10 mm concentration inhibited, but ribulose 1,5-diphosphate activated enzymic activity.     

Phytic acid in green leaves

Phytic acid or phytate, the free‐acid form of myo‐inositolhexakiphosphate, is abundant in many seeds and fruits, where it represents the major storage form of phosphorus. Although also known from other plant tissues, available reports on the occurrence of phytic acid, e.g. in leaves, have never been compiled, nor have they been critically reviewed. We found 45 published studies with information on phytic acid content in leaves. Phytic acid was almost always detected when studies specifically tried to detect it, and accounted for up to 98% of total P. However, we argue that such extreme values, which rival findings from storage organs, are dubious and probably result from measurement errors. Excluding these high values from further quantitative analysis, foliar phytic acid‐P averaged 2.3 mg·g^?1, and represented, on average, 7.6% of total P. Remarkably, the ratio of phytic acid‐P to total P did not increase with total P, we even detected a negative correlation of the two variables within one species, Manihot esculenta. This enigmatic finding warrants further attention.     

The chloroplast pigments of some green and yellow-green algae

Pigment analysis carried out by thin-layer chromatography confirms that Chlorocloster engadinensis Vischer, C. solani George and Nephrodiella brevis Vischer are all green algae (Chlorophyceae) and not yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae) as has been suggested. The pigments of Coccomyxa elongata Jaag, C. simplex (Pringsheim) Mainx and Pyrobotrys stellata Korshikov are also typical of green algae. The pigments of Pleurochloris commutata Pascher, P. magna Boye Petersen, Polyedriella helvetica Vischer et Pascher, Mischococcus sphaerocephalus Vischer and Tribonema aequale Pascher, are different to those of the green algae in accordance with their being classified as yellow-green algae. However, a detailed comparison of the pigments of Pleurochloris and Tribonema suggests that whilst both contain chlorophyll, α, β-carotene and esterified vaucheriaxanthin, the major xanthophyll in Pleurochloris corresponds to violaxanthin and not to antheraxanthin as in Tribonema.