Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melampsora</Emphasis> species on poplars in China

Many species of Melampsora on Populus have been reported in China, based on morphological characteristics of both uredial and telial states, and on host species, but their morphology and taxonomy are still poorly defined. In this study, 196 specimens representing Melampsora species on poplars and collected from various areas of China were used for morphological observations. The morphological characteristics of urediniospores and teliospores were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The specimens could be classified into five groups based on their morphology. For the sequencing of the nuclear large subunit rDNA (D1/D2), 5.8S rDNA and their internal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2 region, 54 specimens were selected from the specimens used in morphological observations. These specimens were separated into six clades by phylogenetic analyses of the D1/D2 and ITS regions. Correlations among morphological groups and phylogenetic clades based on these results suggest a revision of these species. In particular, no evidence to discriminate specimens of M. acedioides, M. magnusiana, and M. rostrupii was found from either morphological characteristics or sequence analysis.Contribution no. 185 Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Japan     

A new rust species ofRoestelia onSorbus collected in China

A rust species ofRoestelia onSorbus collected in China is newly described asR. echinulata. This species is morphologically different from the otherRoestelia spp. and aecial stages ofGymnosporangium species in surface structures of aeciospores and peridial cells. Contribution No. 141, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.     

托光柄菇属一中国新记录种

[背景] 托光柄菇属（Volvopluteus）隶属于光柄菇科（Pluteaceae）,目前世界上仅有4个种。[目的] 调查我国东北地区大型真菌资源。[方法] 采集大型真菌标本,对其形态进行详细的观察和描述,提取DNA,测定rDNA ITS序列,基于最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建系统发育树。[结果] 2019–2020年在吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州敦化市采集的标本中,有6份标本为密执安托光柄菇V.michiganensis,该种真菌此前未在我国发现。在系统发育分析中,采自我国的密执安托光柄菇V.michiganensis与该种的模式标本聚为一个分支。[结论] 密执安托光柄菇V.michiganensis为中国新记录种。     

Thekopsora ostryae (Pucciniastraceae,Pucciniales), a new species from Gansu,northwestern China

Thekopsora ostryae, a new rust fungus on leaves of Ostrya japonica collected from Gansu Province was described. Morphological examination using light and scanning electron microscopy showed that this new species is distinct from other species of Thekopsora in the characteristics of ostiolar peridial cells of uredinia and the spinules on the surface of urediniospores. Analyses of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rRNA gene partial sequences showed that T. ostryae could be a distinct lineage in the genus Thekopsora.     

Identification of AFLP molecular markers for resistance against Melampsora larici-populina in Populus

We have identified AFLP markers tightly linked to the locus conferring resistance to the leaf rust Melampsora larici-populina in Populus. The study was carried out using a hybrid progeny derived from an inter-specific, controlled cross between a resistant Populus deltoides female and a susceptible P. nigra male. The segregation ratio of resistant to susceptible plants suggested that a single, dominant locus defined this resistance. This locus, which we have designated Melampsora resistance (Mer), confers resistance against E1, E2, and E3, three different races of Melampsora larici-populina. In order to identify molecular markers linked to the Mer locus we decided to combine two different techniques: (1) the high-density marker technology, AFLP, which allows the analysis of thousands of markers in a relatively short time, and (2) the Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA), a method which facilitates the identification of markers that are tightly linked to the locus of interest. We analyzed approximately 11,500 selectively amplified DNA fragments using 144 primer combinations and identified three markers tightly linked to the Mer locus. The markers can be useful in current breeding programs and are the basis for future cloning of the resistance gene.     

Phylogenetic relationships on 14 morphologically similar species of Pucciniastrum in Japan based on rDNA sequence data

We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 49 specimens comprising 14 morphologically similar species of Pucciniastrum distributed in Japan based on the sequence data of the large subunit rDNA (D1/D2), 5.8S rDNA, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Neighbor-joining and parsimony analyses generated six major groups for both the D1/D2 and ITS regions. Pucciniastrum circaeae and P. epilobii formed a single group. P. hydrangeae-petiolaris, P. coryli, P. fagi, P. hikosanense, P. tiliae, and P. boehmeriae were each a distinct clade, and P. fagi formed a close relationship with P. hikosanense. However, these analyses did not support the monophyly of the following species: P. kusanoi, P. actinidiae, P. corni, P. styracinum, P. yoshinagai, and P. miyabeanum. Contribution no. 201, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan     

Caeoma tsukubaense n. sp., a rhododendron rust fungus of Japan and southern Asia, and its relationship to Chrysomyxa rhododendri

A rust fungus found in Japan on Rhododendron kaempferi, R. kiusianum, and R. dauricum has previously been identified as Chrysomyxa rhododendri. Light and scanning electron microscopy of fresh and herbarium materials of the rust fungus, however, show that the spore surface morphology differs from the urediniospores of C. rhododendri, and the spores are slightly smaller. Furthermore, the DNA sequence of the 5′-end of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA differs from that of C. rhododendri by 3%. Telia have not been found; therefore, it is redescribed as a new anamorphic species, Caeoma tsukubaense. Several specimens from North Korea, Tibet, and Nepal bearing a similar rust fungus are also included in the species.Contribution no.193 from the Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan     

Phylogeny of the genus Pythium and description of new genera

Phylogeny of the genus Pythium is analyzed based on sequences of the large subunit ribosomal DNA D1/D2 region and cytochrome oxidase II gene region of Pythium isolates and comprehensive species of related taxa belonging to the Oomycetes. The phylogenetic trees show that the genus Pythium is a highly divergent group and divided into five well- or moderately supported monophyletic clades. Each clade is characterized by sporangial morphology such as globose, ovoid, elongated, or filamentous shapes. Based on phylogeny and morphology, the genus Pythium (s. str.) is emended, and four new genera, Ovatisporangium, Globisporangium, Elongisporangium, and Pilasporangium, are described and segregated from Pythium s. lato.     

A new species of Capnobotryella from monument surfaces

Capnobotryella is a monotypic genus of melanized fungi based on C. renispora. The purpose of this investigation was to use morphological and molecular genetic techniques to characterize strains of newly discovered species isolated in Turkey on historical marble monuments.     

Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of Perenniporia (Basidiomycota) from Tibet, southwestern China

A new polypore, Perenniporia tibetica, collected in Xizang (Tibet), southwestern China, is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. Perenniporia tibetica is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with a creambuff to pinkish-buff pore surface and white to cream-colored rhizomorphs, a dimitic hyphal system with slightly dextrinoid and distinctly cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and basidiospores that are ellipsoid, truncate or not, strongly dextrinoid, and cyanophilous, 6.7–8.7 × 5.3–6.8 μm. Its preliminary phylogenetic relationships are inferred based on sequence data from the ribosomal ITS and LSU regions, both suggesting that P. tibetica forms a distinct lineage in the genus Perenniporia.     

A new species of Cladophialophora (hyphomycetes) from boreal and montane bryophytes

During a survey of bryophilous fungi from boreal and montane habitats in central Alberta, a hitherto undescribed species of Cladophialophora was recovered from Polytrichum juniperinum, Aulacomnium palustre, and Sphagnum fuscum. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) colonies grew slowly, attaining a diameter of 25 mm after 30 d, were dark grey, velvety, radially sulcate, and convolute and cracked at the centre. Micronematous conidiophores gave rise to branched chains of small (1–2 × 8–22 μm), cylindrical to fusiform conidia with truncate, swollen scars at each end. Phylogenies built on the ITS and ribosomal SSU regions indicate the isolates form a monophyletic clade within the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales) that is composed of two geographically based groups, each with 99 % within-group sequence similarity and 97–98 % between-group sequence similarity. A teleomorph has not been found but would likely be similar to species of Capronia. In vitro inoculation of the isolates onto axenically grown P. juniperinum produced no discernible host symptoms, and host penetration could not be detected using light microscopy. The production of polyphenol oxidases by the fungus and the role of other Cladophialophora species as latent endophytes and saprobes suggest that a potential role for the fungus is the degradation of the polyphenol-rich cell walls of mosses. A dichotomous key to species of the genus Cladophialophora is provided.     

Morphological and molecular identification of two new species of Tubulicrinis (Hymenochaetaceae,Hymenochaetales) from southern China

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Tubulicrinis xantha and T. yunnanensis spp. nov., are described based on morphological and molecular characters. Tubulicrinis xantha is characterized by resupinate, furfuraceous basidiomata with buff to yellowish hymenial surface, amyloid lyocystidia and cylindrical to allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (5.3–6.3 × 1.2–1.6 μm). Tubulicrinis yunnanensis is characterized by pruinose basidiomata with primrose to olivaceous hymenial surface and encrusted lyocystidia and cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (4.2–6.2 × 1.2–2 μm). Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS and ITS + nLSU sequences showed that T. xantha grouped with T. martinicensis, and T. yunnanensis grouped with T. glebulosus.     

A new Rhizopogon species associated with Pinus amamiana in Japan

Pinus amamiana is an endangered Pinus species found only on Yakushima Island and Tanegashima Island, Japan. We surveyed remaining P. amamiana forests and found some sporocarps of Rhizopogon (Boletales), many species of which exhibit strict host specificity to a narrow range of Pinaceae trees and play critical roles in host establishment. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny, here we describe Rhizopogon yakushimensis sp. nov. This new species belongs to a new clade, phylogenetically related to the subgenera Versicolores and Rhizopogon. We also confirmed its ectomycorrhizal association with P. amamiana by comparing rDNA ITS sequences between the sporocarps and ectomycorrhizal root tips.     

A new species ofNeosartorya from Taiwan soil

A new species ofNeosartorya, N. multiplicata (anam.Aspergillus multiplicatus), isolated from soil collected at Houli, Taichung, in Taiwan, is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its restricted growth on Czapek agar, white ascomata, nearly globose ascospores with ribbed surface ornamentation of several linear ridges, and a limited development of conidia on common media. A key to all accepted species of the genus is provided.     

Emericella qinqixianii, a new species from desert soil in China

Emericella qinqixianii, a new species isolated from desert soil from Sanchakou, Aksu, Qiemo, Yuli, Yutian, and the Taklimakan desert 100 km inland from Minfeng, Xinjiang Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by grayish yellow to olive brown, non-ostiolate ascomata surrounded by hyaline to pale yellowish brown hülle cells, membranaceous peridium, prototunicate asci, and violet-brown, lenticular ascospores with two equatorial crests, smooth convex surfaces, and long filiform appendages. It hasAspergillus anamorph with biseriate aspergilla.     

A new species ofNannizziopsis from New Jersey soil

Nannizziopsis mirabilis, isolated from a soil sample collected from New Jersey, USA, is described as a new species. The ascomata are white to pale yellow, with a peridium of a network of loosely interwoven hyphae and simple, more or less straight, clavate appendages. The ascospores are hyaline, globose to subglobose, and ornamented with spiral bands or sometimes polygonal pits. The associated anamorph is assignable to the form genusChrysosporium.     

毛茛科六新种

该文描述了毛茛科六新种：(1)托里乌头,与阿尔泰乌头近缘,区别为其茎和叶无毛,总状花序极密集,雄蕊花丝多有1或2小齿。(2)门源翠雀花,与大通翠雀花近缘,区别为其茎极短,花序总状,退化雄蕊瓣片不分裂。(3)云台山铁线莲,与裂叶铁线莲近缘,区别为其叶为二回羽状复叶,花较小,雄蕊花丝呈黑色,无脉。(4)黑丝铁线莲,与前种云台山铁线莲在亲缘关系上极为相近,区别为其小叶较小,多呈狭卵形或披针形,聚伞花序也较小,通常只具3花。(5)五台山毛茛,与砾地毛茛相似,区别为其基生叶被柔毛,花瓣蜜槽具鳞片,心皮具短而粗的花柱和小柱头。(6)靖西铁线莲,与宝岛铁线莲在亲缘关系上接近,区别为其茎疏被短柔毛,小叶卵形或狭卵形,不分裂,聚伞花序有1~3花,萼片较大(长1.7~2 cm,宽0.5~0.7 cm)。     

毛茛科五新种

描述了毛茛科五新种:(1)托里乌头,与阿尔泰乌头近缘,区别为其茎和叶无毛,总状花序极密集,雄蕊花丝多有1或2小齿。(2)门源翠雀花,与大通翠雀花近缘,区别为其茎极短,花序总状,退化雄蕊瓣片不分裂。(3)云台山铁线莲,与裂叶铁线莲近缘,区别为其叶为二回羽状复叶,花较小,雄蕊花丝呈黑色,无脉。(4)黑丝铁线莲,与前种云台铁线莲在亲缘关系上极为相近,区别为其小叶较小,多呈狭卵形或披针形,聚伞花序也较小,通常只具3花。(5)五台山毛茛,与砾地毛茛相似,区别为其基生叶被柔毛,花瓣蜜槽具鳞片,心皮具短而粗的花柱和小柱头。     

Phyllactinia chubutiana: a new species of Erysiphales from Patagonia (Argentina)

Phyllactinia chubutiana, a parasite on leaves of Lycium chilense (Solanaceae) collected in the arid Patagonian steppe, is proposed as a new species. The new combination Ovulariopsis insolita is introduced for its anamorph previously described as Oidium insolitum.