鼠蛲虫的自然感染及驱虫效果的观察

有关鼠蛲虫(Syphacea obvelata)的形态,生活史的研究国内外均有报告,对于鼠蛲虫的自然感染及驱虫治疗方面尚未见到报道,我们对此进行了一些观察,其结果报告如下。 一、材料与方法 (一)实验动物 实验动物是本校动物室喂养的小白鼠,不拘雌雄,体重20～30g,设对照组和实验组。药物:复方甲苯咪唑(Tabellae Mebendazoll Compositae),陕西省汉江制药厂     

肠道微生态失调与脆弱类杆菌感染的实验研究

应用对四环素具有高度耐药性的厌氧脆弱类杆菌,经口灌注于肠道微生态矢调的小白鼠胃内,以观察肠道微生态失调和脆弱类杆菌感染关系。实验证明：耐药脆弱类杆菌在菌群失调的小白鼠（实验组）体内大量增殖并侵袭入血和肠系膜淋巴结,最后在皮下形成脓肿,而对照组虽也于粪便、血、淋巴结中发现供试菌,但随时间推移迅速减少至消失,两组间有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。据此可以认为肠道微主态平衡可有效预防脆弱类杆菌感染,即使侵入人体也可使之消灭。本试验为脆弱类杆菌感染与肠道微生态关系,提供了有价值的数据。     

周期型马来丝虫实验感染小白鼠体内发育的观察

本实验用长爪沙鼠体内周期型马来丝虫微丝蚴,感染东乡伊蚊收集感染期幼虫,经腹腔内注射５５只小白鼠（昆明种）后,定期抽查小白鼠腹腔液和解剖小白鼠观察丝虫发育情况。在１４天、３０天、６０天、１４０天和１６０天时,分别检获了Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期幼虫、童虫和成虫。成虫感染率为３４．６％（９／２６）。９１天还查出微丝蚴。实验结果表明：周期型马来丝虫可以在昆明种小白鼠体内发育到成虫并产生微丝蚴。     

生态旅游对川金丝猴肠道寄生虫的影响

非人灵长类接触人类或受人类活动干扰导致肠道寄生虫与宿主关系失衡,这种影响造成肠道寄生虫感染,进而增加肠道寄生虫种类和荷虫量。为检验生态旅游对川金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）肠道寄生虫的种类和承载是否有影响,本研究收集神农架国家级自然保护区川金丝猴投食群和野生群粪便样品,采用福尔马林乙酸乙酯沉淀法,共发现5种肠道寄生虫：阿米巴原虫（Amoeba）,鞭虫属（Trichuris sp.）,蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides）,蛲虫（Enterobius vermicularis）,钩虫（Hookworms）。结果显示,投食群的阿米巴和蛲虫的荷虫量高于野生群;蛔虫在投食群和野生群均有发现,但两者之间无显著性差异;鞭虫和钩虫只在投食群中发现。投食群部分肠道寄生虫具有高荷虫量和新增的两个种类是由于非人灵长类直接或间接与人类接触（生态旅游等）所导致的。     

大连市蛲虫引致急腹症病例个案分析

蛲虫病（enterohiasis）是由蠕形住肠线虫[Enterohius vermicularis（Linnaeus．1758）Leach,1853],简称人蛲虫,寄生于人体肠腔所致的疾病。祖国医学对蛲虫病早已有描述。《诸病源侯论》记载着“蛲虫犹是九虫内之一虫也”。从西汉古尸中检到蛲虫卵,表明蛲虫病在二千一百年前已存在于我国。第1次全国人体寄生虫普查表明,我国儿童蛲虫感染率约20％～50％,最高的曾达80％。     

成都动物园爬行动物寄生虫感染情况调查

2003-2005年采用沉淀-漂浮法及阿米巴原虫营养琼脂双相培养基培养法,调查成都动物园28种108只爬行动物（包括蛇类、龟类、蜥蜴类和鳄鱼类）的寄生虫感染情况,先后共检查211个粪样,其结果为：阿米巴原虫的粪样阳性率为26．1％（55／211）,线虫卵的粪样阳性率为14．7％（31／211）,球虫卵囊的粪样阳性率为2.8％（6／211）,而蜱仅在个别动物体表发现。     

应用免疫组织化学方法检测实验兔莱姆病组织中抗IgG及抗BB

本研究旨在应用免疫组织化学技术从实验动物组织中观察抗lgG、抗BB抗体在组织中有否表达及表达程度,拟揭示临床各种症状与组织中IgG、BB抗体之间的关系,为莱姆病的诊断提供免疫学依据。1．材料与方法1．1．实验用雌性长耳白兔50只．分两组。A组：40只（实验组30只,对照组10只）实验组注射BB活菌,于感染1个月后检测血清IFA阳性处死。B组：10只（实验组8只．对照组2只）,采集北京西郊长角血蝉叮咬,实验组8只于感染后3个月检测IFA阳性处死,两组均于感染前检测血清（IFA）,IgG、IgM为阴性。解剖取心、肝、脾、双肺、双肾、双…     

沈阳地区小白鼠血糖值的测试与分析

本文对沈阳地区４０─５０日龄实验用昆明种小白鼠（１８─２２ｇ）的正常血糖值，进行了抽样测试与分析。结果表明，抽样小白鼠（１８９只）禁食２小时，血糖值的±ＳＤ为１３１．４±３６．２ｍｇ／ｄｌ，雌雄动物间，各饲养单位间，无显著差异，正常血糖值范围可估计为６０─２００ｍｇ／ｄｌ。抽样小白鼠（１６０只）禁食１７、２０和２４小时，组间两两比较，血糖值无显著差异，±ＳＤ为９５．０±２９．８ｍｇ／ｄｌ，正常血糖值范围可估计为４０─１６０ｍｇ／ｄｌ。禁食２小时与禁食１７─２４小时的血糖值，两者间有显著差异。提示小白鼠禁食达一定时间，血糖值方有明显变化，在禁食１７─２４小时内血糖值处于基本稳定状态。     

白纹伊蚊垂直传播乙型脑炎病毒的研究

用５株乙型脑炎病毒（ＪＥｖｉｒｕｓ）经口感染白纹伊蚊,证明该蚊能感染和传播乙型脑炎病毒,对感染雌蚊的１和子２代卵３４４３粒,幼虫７０２１只和成虫４８５３只,分１７１批检查乙型脑炎病毒,子１代的批阳性率,卵为４６．６７％（１４／３０）,幼虫为２１．２１％（７／３３）。雌性成虫为２３．７８％（９／３８）,雄性成虫为１５．００％（３／２０）;子２代幼虫,雌性和雄性成虫和批阳性率依次为２３．５３％（４／１     

影响Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型KK／Upj—A^y／J小鼠血糖的因素

目的探讨营养,年龄及性别等因子对Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型-KK／Upj-A^y／J小鼠血糖的影响。方法尾部取血,用血糖仪测定实验组和对照组动物的血糖并进行实验分析。结果实验组血糖值明显高于对照组;实验组发病动物的比例也明显高于对照组动物;对照组8月龄小鼠血糖值低于糖尿病的发病标准;实验组年龄对动物的血糖影响较小;实验组和对照组性别基本不影响动物的血糖。结论（1）在同样携带A^y黄色肥胖糖尿病基因的遗传作用的条件下,饲料中的营养成分是影响小鼠血糖的主要因素,（2）动物的年龄是影响血糖的另一主要因素。（3）性别对动物血糖的影响不大。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism