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Jeff J. Shi Lauren M. Chan Zafimahery Rakotomalala Amy M. Heilman Steven M. Goodman Anne D. Yoder 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2013,110(3):500-517
Numerous hypotheses have been proposed for the historical processes governing the rich endemism of Madagascar's biodiversity. The ‘watershed model’ suggests that drier climates in the recent geological past have resulted in the contraction of forests around major watersheds, thereby defining areas of endemism. We test whether this hypothesis explains phylogeographical patterns in a dry forest‐dependent rodent, Eliurus myoxinus, an endemic species widely distributed through western Madagascar. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus and nuclear introns of the β‐fibrinogen and the growth hormone receptor genes for E. myoxinus. Using a parametric bootstrapping approach, we tested whether the mitochondrial gene tree data fit expectations of local differentiation given the watershed model. We additionally estimated population differentiation and historical demographic parameters, and reconstructed the spatial history of E. myoxinus to highlight spatial and temporal patterns of differentiation. The data do not support the watershed model as a clear explanation for the genetic patterns of diversity within extant E. myoxinus populations. We find striking patterns of latitudinal genetic structure within western Madagascar, and indicate possible roles for environmental and ecological gradients along this axis in generating phylogeographical diversity. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110 , 500–517. 相似文献
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SAVEL R. DANIELS MIKE D. PICKER ROSS M. COWLIN MICHELLE L. HAMER 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2009,97(1):200-216
The endemic South African velvet worm genus Peripatopsis currently contains eight recognized species described from variable morphological characters and the current taxonomy is unsatisfactory. In an attempt to investigate evolutionary relationships within Peripatopsis, we collected 137 individuals from 34 sample localities for six of the eight species. Sequence data derived from two partial mitochondrial (mt)DNA gene loci (COI and 12S rRNA), as well as partial sequence data from the ribosomal nuclear 18S rDNA locus in combination with gross morphological characters and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was used to examine evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using minimum evolution (ME) and Bayesian inferences (BI). Additionally, we also undertook a maximum likelihood (ML) analyses on the combined DNA sequence data set. The combined DNA evidence topologies derived from the ME, BI, and ML was highly congruent and was characterized by the presence of multiple lineages within recognized taxa. Peripatopsis clavigera, Peripatopsis moseleyi, and Peripatopsis sedgwicki each comprised two evolutionary lineages; Peripatopsis capensis comprised three; and Peripatopsis balfouri comprised six operational taxonomic units respectively. Genealogical exclusivity at both mtDNA and nuclear DNA among the geographically coherent groups coupled with pronounced sequence divergence suggested a two‐fold increase in the number of species within Peripatopsis. Previously used gross morphological characters (such as the number of leg pairs and colour) were either highly variable within operational taxonomic units, or were invariant, suggesting that alternative morphological characters are necessary for species discrimination. SEM results revealed potentially useful diagnostic characters that can discriminate between at least discriminate some of the newly‐identified lineages. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2009, 97 , 200–216. 相似文献
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YOU-SHENG CHEN QIN-ER YANG 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,149(3):365-368
Viola muliensis Y.S. Chen & Q.E. Yang, a new species of Viola L. (Violaceae) from Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated. Viola muliensis is endemic to Muli County, south-western Sichuan. This new species has yellow flowers with very short spurs and belongs to subsection Brevicalcaratae W. Beck., section Dischidium Ging. It is distinguished from other related species by having pedatipartite leaves. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 149 , 365–368. 相似文献
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Denis Copila&#x;‐Ciocianu Alina‐Andreea Zim a Adam Petrusek 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2019,57(2):272-297
The multidisciplinarity of integrative taxonomy is particularly useful for clarifying the systematics of speciose groups that are poorly differentiated morphologically, and this approach can also illuminate their evolutionary history and biogeography. Here, we utilize it to examine the systematics and taxonomy of a newly recognized amphipod species, Gammarus hamaticornis n. sp., which belongs to a highly diverse genus of endemic freshwater crustaceans that show very limited morphological differentiation. Since this species is endemic to northern Dobrogea, a region at the northwestern Black Sea coast devoid of permafrost during the Last Glacial Maximum, we hypothesized that it survived in situ during the Quaternary climatic oscillations. We first examined the phylogenetic position of Gammarus hamaticornis n. sp. within the genus and then compared its morphology, phylogeography, distribution, and climatic niche with that of its sister species. Results indicate that G. hamaticornis n. sp. is most closely related to its widely distributed northern neighbor, G. kischineffensis, and a remarkable agreement was observed among morphological, multilocus coalescent and climatic analyses which supported the distinctiveness of both taxa. These apparently diverged during the Pliocene from a common ancestor that likely colonized freshwaters from the adjacent brackish basins of the shrinking Paratethys. The results indicate that G. hamaticornis n. sp. has persisted throughout the Pleistocene in northern Dobrogea, a hitherto hypothesized refugium confirmed for the first time with molecular genetic data. Due to its narrow geographical range, rarity in the local communities and highly fluctuating nature of the streams it inhabits, this species should be in the focus of future conservation priorities. 相似文献
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XIANG QIAOPING A. FAJONFLS LI ZHENYU FU LIKUO LIU ZHENGYU 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2002,139(3):305-310
After more than a century, the only conifer species listed as being extinct in the wild (EW) by IUCN-SSC has been rediscovered in the Dabashan Mountains of central China. The history, taxonomy, ecology and conservation of Thuja sutchuenensis are described, and illustrations, based on both the earliest and latest collection of botanical material of this tree, are provided. The taxonomic context of this rare species is discussed. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London , Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 139 , 305–310. 相似文献
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A new species of Veturius (Veturius) Kaup, of Brazil, Central Amazonas, lower basin of Urucu, Tefé and Coari, is described and illustrated. V. urucuensis n. sp. belongs to the “cephalotes” species group, and has an external autapomorphy for the family Passalidae: a large tuft of setae on the medioposterior area of the metasternum. The species is closely allied to V. jolyi Boucher, 2006, from the Brazil-Venezuela-Guyana border. The peculiar endemism of the new species suggests an intra-continental island vicariance into the Amazon Basin. No similar process was known in the large genus Veturius. A complete inventory of the 22 Veturius species in Brazil is given, with their distribution, and following the previously established monophyletic species groups. From Brazil, two species are newly reported, V. (Ouayana) guyanensis Boucher, 2006 (Pará) and V. (O.) dominicae Boucher, 2006 (Roraima), and one species is confirmed, V. (O.) unicornis Gravely, 1918 (Amazonas). New details are given on some other Brazilian Veturius. 相似文献
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Elena Kochanova;Tatyana Mayor;Risto Väinölä; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(6):e11471
Ancient lakes are hotspots of species diversity, posing challenges and opportunities for exploration of the dynamics of endemic diversification. Lake Baikal in Siberia, the oldest lake in the world, hosts a particularly rich crustacean fauna, including the largest known species flock of harpacticoid copepods with some 70 species. Here, we focused on exploring the diversity and evolution within a single nominal species, Harpacticella inopinata Sars, 1908, using molecular markers (mitochondrial COI, nuclear ITS1 and 28S rRNA) and a set of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits. Five major mitochondrial lineages were recognized, with model-corrected COI distances of 0.20–0.37. A concordant pattern was seen in the nuclear data set, and qualitative morphological traits also distinguish a part of the lineages. All this suggests the presence of several hitherto unrecognized cryptic taxa within the baikalian H. inopinata, with long independent histories. The abundances, distributions and inferred demographic histories were different among taxa. Two taxa, H. inopinata CE and H. inopinata CW, were widespread on the eastern and western coasts, respectively, and were largely allopatric. Patterns in mitochondrial variation, that is, shallow star-like haplotype networks, suggest these taxa have spread through the lake relatively recently. Three other taxa, H. inopinata RE, RW and RW2, instead were rare and had more localized distributions on either coast, but showed deeper intraspecies genealogies, suggesting older regional presence. The rare taxa were often found in sympatry with the others and occasionally introgressed by mtDNA from the common ones. The mitochondrial divergence between and within the H. inopinata lineages is still unexpectedly deep, suggesting an unusually high molecular rate. The recognition of true systematic diversity in the evaluation and management of ecosystems is important in hotspots, as it is everywhere else, while the translation of the diversity into a formal taxonomy remains a challenge. 相似文献
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Sergio G. Pérez‐Consuegra Ella Vázquez‐Domínguez 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2017,55(1):57-72
Mountain‐associated species, which exhibit allopatric distributions associated with elevation, endemisms and complex evolutionary histories, pose challenging evolutionary scenarios in which to discern the diversification of species. The Peromyscus mexicanus mice group, distributed along mountains in southern Mexico and Central America, is morphometrically variable, a key rationale for the ongoing controversy regarding its species delimitation. Based on the recognized 15 mitochondrial lineages for the group, we analysed external and craniodental morphometric variables to test whether lineages can be differentiated morphometrically and allow for the delimitation of species. We also aimed to test the prediction that the phylogenetic structure of the morphometric data is concordant with that of the molecular information. Based on 19 craniodental measurements from 521 specimens, multivariate and discriminant analyses showed that lineages are morphometrically discernible, representing distinct phenotypes, and that overall size and mandible measurements are significant features that discriminate lineages, supporting hypotheses about differences in feeding habits between species. Also, a pattern of increasing size with elevation was observed, further supported by specific morphological differences exhibited between highland and lowland lineages inhabiting the same mountain. Our results demonstrate that P. mexicanus is both genetically and morphometrically variable, where most highland montane species are differentiated from lowland species; also, a significant correlation between mitochondrial and morphometric information is indicative of phenetic concordance, altogether in agreement with a recent taxonomic proposal for the group. We suggest that the group's intricate diversification responds to ecological diversification and adaptation to a variety of mountain habitats and Pleistocene biogeographic climatic dynamics. 相似文献
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分子系统地理学是当代生物地理学的重要分支,是以分子生物学方法重建种内和种上水平的系统发育关系,阐释进化历史,并通过分析近缘生物类群的系统发育关系与其空间和时间分布格局间的相关性构建生物区系历史的研究,是分子生物学与生物地理学结合的产物。中性进化学说和溯祖理论分析的建立,以及线粒体DNA和微卫星标记等分子遗传标记的应用,为分子系统地理学研究的开展提供了理论和实践基础。近年来,分子系统地理方法在鸟类学研究中的应用揭示了许多不同于传统认知的发现,为准确而深入的了解鸟类分子系统地理格局的差异和不同类群的起源中心提供了新颖的证据。目前的研究多从隔离分化说和扩散说的角度对鸟类分子系统地理格局的成因进行分析,而迁徙行为不同对鸟类系统地理格局的影响为成因的解释提供了新的角度。结合区域特点的比较分子系统地理研究,在更广泛的地域和更多类群中开展研究是我国鸟类分子系统地理研究的方向。此外,展望了第二代测序技术对分子生态生物地理研究具有的潜在促进作用。 相似文献
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O. ÜNAL R. SÜLEYMAN GÖKTÜRK 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2003,142(4):465-468
A new species Scorzonera gokcheoglui O. Ünal & R. S. Göktürk sp. nov. from south Anatolia is described and illustrated. Its relationships with S. argyria and S. pisidica are discussed. A map showing the distribution of the species and other related species is given. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 142 , 465–468. 相似文献
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The deserts of southwestern North America have undergone dramatic changes over their recent geological history including large changes in size and connectivity during the Pleistocene glaciopluvial cycles. This study examines the population history of the rare spider Saltonia incerta, once thought to be extinct, to determine the role of past climatological events in shaping the structure of the species. This species is restricted to salt crusts of intermittent or dry lakes, streams or rivers in the desert southwest, a region that was much wetter during glacial periods. We examine the distribution and genetic variability of populations to test whether there is recent dispersal throughout the range of the species. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA indicate significant population structure, with one major clade comprising New Mexico localities and one comprising California‐northern Baja California localities. Finer‐scale structure is evident within the California clade, although not all of the subclades are reciprocally monophyletic. However, isolation with migration analysis suggests that migration is very low to non‐existent. These results extend the known distribution of Saltonia, provide genetic evidence of strong isolation among localities within drainage basins and between drainage basins and provide a mechanistic understanding of population connectivity after the aridification of the American southwest. The implication is that although the species' distribution has been fragmented, populations have persisted throughout this area, suggesting that desert salt flats may have served as refugia for at least some terrestrial species. 相似文献
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Gammarus fossarum is a diverse species complex of epigean freshwater amphipods throughout Europe. Due to their poor dispersal capabilities and ubiquity, these crustaceans may serve as a model for investigating the influence of historical factors on the contemporary distribution and diversity patterns of freshwater macrozoobenthos. Here, we investigate the fine‐scale phylogeographic structure of this complex across its range in the southwestern Carpathian Mountains, which comprises two areas that are geographically isolated from its main European distribution area as well as from each other. Given the Tertiary age of many freshwater Gammarus species, we hypothesize that the southwestern Carpathian populations reflect a relict distribution pattern. We used two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers from 32 localities to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate the timings of divergence among southwestern Carpathian and non‐Carpathian lineages. Cryptic diversity was evaluated from mitochondrial markers by employing phylogenetic and distance‐based methods. We distinguished at least 16 cryptic microendemic taxa, some of them coexisting, distributed in the southwestern Carpathians in a mosaic‐like pattern. These lineages form a monophyletic group together with several lineages from southeastern Europe. Estimated divergence times indicate a Middle Miocene origin of this clade, with many deep splits dating back to more than 10 Ma. This time frame corresponds with a period of intense geological subsidence in the region that gave birth to the Pannonian Basin. We conclude that subsidence could have been an important driver of diversification in freshwater Gammarus and that the southwestern Carpathians represent an ancient centre of diversity for these crustaceans. 相似文献
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Rene T?nzler Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint Yayuk R. Suhardjono Michael Balke Alexander Riedel 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2014,281(1782)
The fauna of Bali, situated immediately west of Wallace''s Line, is supposedly of recent Javanese origin and characterized by low levels of endemicity. In flightless Trigonopterus weevils, however, we find 100% endemism for the eight species here reported for Bali. Phylogeographic analyses show extensive in situ differentiation, including a local radiation of five species. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny and ancestral area reconstruction of Indo-Malayan–Melanesian species reveals a complex colonization pattern, where the three Balinese lineages all arrived from the East, i.e. all of them transgressed Wallace''s Line. Although East Java possesses a rich fauna of Trigonopterus, no exchange can be observed with Bali. We assert that the biogeographic picture of Bali has been dominated by the influx of mobile organisms from Java, but different relationships may be discovered when flightless invertebrates are studied. Our results highlight the importance of in-depth analyses of spatial patterns of biodiversity. 相似文献
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We conducted phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b sequence data to assess genetic variation within and among the three allopatric segments of the distribution of Peromyscus furvus from the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico. We identified 24 unique haplotypes among the 54 individuals examined and genetic distances ranged up to 0.078 substitutions per site. Populations from the central portion of the range formed a monophyletic unit, whereas samples from the southern distributional unit were polyphyletic. Furthermore, the southernmost population sampled may represent a distinct species. This high degree of genetic differentiation among populations, currently recognized as conspecific, mirrors the result of other genetic studies of highland rodents in Mesoamerica. Together these studies indicate that the region, already considered hyperdiverse on the basis of species diversity and endemism, may contain considerably greater diversity than is currently appreciated. 相似文献