S-159-06菌株活性产物对植物病原菌的抑菌谱及拮抗机理初探

对S-159-06菌株活性产物的抑菌谱及其拮抗机理作了初步研究,结果表明：S-159-06活性产物具有较广的抑菌谱,对多种病原真菌和细菌具有较好的抑制作用;S-159-06活性产物能强烈抑制病原菌菌丝的生长和孢子的萌发,可引起病原菌菌丝扭曲,菌丝膨大成串珠状,分枝增多,分枝顶端膨胀后细胞壁破裂,原生质外溢,产生溶菌作用;使分生孢子数减少,孢子萌发畸形,萌发率降低;在温室条件下,S-159-06活性产物不仅能阻止番茄灰霉病菌菌丝的入侵,而且在植物体内有内吸作用,对已侵入的菌丝有较好的治疗作用。     

不同发酵阶段的灵芝菌丝三萜类成分与抗肿瘤作用的相关性研究

本文研究了不同培养方式、不同发酵阶段的菌丝三萜各组分的变化与抗肿瘤作用的关系。结果表明灵芝三萜在菌丝发酵后期才大量产生,菌丝中三萜的种类与子实体相比相对较少,不同生长阶段菌丝中的三萜在组分、相对含量及各组分间的比例都有所变化,其中两个组分峰的增高与其对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用反相关,另有几个组分峰的增高与对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用正相关。本研究确定了生产有效抑制肿瘤细胞生长的三萜组分最佳培养方式和最佳培养时间。     

温郁金内生真菌Chaetomium globosum L18对植物病原菌的抑菌谱及拮抗机理

通过体外培养法,研究了药用植物温郁金内生真菌Chaetomium globosum L18对几种常见的植物病原菌的抑菌谱及其拮抗机理。结果表明,Chaetomium globosum L18对多种植物病原真菌和细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,具有较广的抑菌谱,但对不同植物病原菌的抑制作用具有显著性差异(P<0.05),抑制率最高可达到92.9%;抑菌机制结果显示,竞争作用和重寄生作用是其主要的拮抗机制之一;发酵产物抑制作用测定发现,内生真菌Chaetomium globosum L18能够分泌产生抗菌物质抑制病原菌菌丝的生长和孢子萌发,可引起病原菌菌丝菌丝膨大成串珠状,分枝增多,分枝顶端膨胀后细胞壁破裂,原生质外溢,产生溶菌作用;使分生孢子萌发畸形,萌发率降低。     

雷公藤组培产物的杀虫杀菌活性研究

采用室内生测法研究了雷公藤愈伤组织、悬浮细胞、不定根等组培产物对小菜蛾毒杀、生长发育影响以及不定根提取物对番茄灰霉病等植物病原真菌菌丝生长抑制作用,以明确雷公藤组培产物的生物活性及其应用前景。结果表明,不同雷公藤组培产物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫都具有明显的毒杀作用,悬浮细胞以及不定根的LC50均超过了根皮粉的效果,其中的不定根提取物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫毒杀作用的LC50为根皮粉的1.95倍;不同组培产物提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的生长均有明显的抑制作用,其中不定根提取物处理后每天的小菜蛾体重显著下降,72h后70%左右已经死亡,存活的试虫体重比试验前下降了18.33%;雷公藤不定根提取物对供试的11种植物病原真菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,有5种的抑制率超过60%,并对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用最强,其EC50为10.074mg/mL,且不定根的抑制效果均超过了根皮粉的抑制效果。     

雷丸菌核与发酵菌丝蛋白体外抑瘤对比分析

目的:研究雷丸发酵菌丝与菌核蛋白体外对肿瘤细胞HepG2的抑制作用.方法:分别提取雷丸菌核与发酵菌丝蛋白,进行体外抑瘤试验,记录细胞形态变化,计算抑瘤率,分析两者在抑瘤效果上的差异.结果:两种提取蛋白在体外对HepG2肿瘤细胞的抑制作用相近,最高可达80%左右.结论:发酵菌丝蛋白具有显著抑瘤作用,在深入研究药理毒理的基础上可替代菌核入药.     

无机微粒添加对丝状微生物发酵过程的影响

摘要:丝状微生物是一类重要的工业发酵菌种,在液体深层发酵过程中其菌丝呈现3种形态:分散状菌丝、团状及球状,而其生长形态与发酵产物种类及产量之间又存在着重要的关系。本文结合本实验室所做的初步工作阐述了丝状微生物菌体形态对其发酵产物种类及产量的影响,以及无机微粒的添加对发酵过程中菌体形态、菌体结构以及发酵产量等的影响。     

水霉拮抗菌的筛选及其拮抗作用的初步研究

为了获得水产动物水霉病病原菌的拮抗微生物,以水霉为靶标,对其拮抗菌进行了筛选,并研究了拮抗作用最强菌株的拮抗活性.实验结果表明:从发生过水霉病害的水体中分离得到了130株细菌,能抑制水霉菌落生长的有三株:LD038、LD057和LD106,其中以LD038的拮抗作用最强,经梅里埃ATB微生物自动鉴定系统鉴定为黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens).培养基对LD038的拮抗活性影响显著,LD038在PDA平板上表现出的拮抗活性最强,大小依次为PDA＞BHI＞GY＞CA＞Sabouraud.进一步对菌株LD038体外拮抗活性进行了研究.平板抑制实验表明,LD038能抑制水霉菌丝生长和孢子萌发.琼脂扩散法中,LD038菌落周围产生的抑菌圈直径为20mm,而无菌水对照组中水霉菌丝蔓过滤纸纸片并长至平板边缘;D38菌线间孢子的萌发与孢子距菌线的距离有关,距LD038菌线22mm范围内,孢子的萌发完全被抑制.无菌发酵上清液实验表明,与对照组相比,LD038无菌发酵上清液对孢子的萌发和菌丝生长都表现出显著的抑制作用.其中孢子较菌丝对上清液更为敏感,5倍稀释上清液下的孢子萌发率仅为10%,且萌发后的菌丝生长也同样受到抑制,整个实验过程中菌丝均未形成网状,对照组中萌发形成的菌丝在16h后呈网状.无菌上清原液和2倍稀释上清液中孢子均未萌发.对菌丝而言,仅无菌上清原液能彻底抑制菌丝生长,与对照组相比,2倍和5倍稀释上清液显著延缓了菌丝的生长.当对照组中的菌丝铺满整孔时,2倍和5倍稀释上清液中的菌丝长度分别为0和2.6mm.显微观察表明LD038的无菌发酵上清液导致水霉菌丝形态发生变化,较正常菌丝短而粗大,且出现了黑色原生质聚集.本研究为水霉病害的生物防治提供了一定的理论基础和依据.     

红葡萄酒对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化的影响

选用雄性SD大鼠,分别灌胃红葡萄酒、酒精及水。实验90 d中每隔30 d处死一批动物,测定大鼠肝脏匀浆组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde MDA)含量变化。观察摄入红葡萄酒后大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性变化及对肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,红葡萄酒能提高SOD活性,且SOD活性与灌胃时间、剂量有一定关系;长期红葡萄酒和酒精摄入可诱导CAT活性增强,加剧肝脏的脂质过氧化(LPO)作用;红葡萄酒组、酒精组0.63、1.25 g/kg剂量GSH-Px活性均明显升高(P<0.05),酒精组1.88 g/kg剂量有极显著性差异(P<0.01);试验初期,红葡萄酒大剂量显著降低肝脏中MDA的含量。试验中期,红葡萄酒中大剂量显著降低MDA含量。试验末期,红葡萄酒大剂量和酒精中大剂量显著升高肝脏中MDA含量。     

灵芝菌丝发酵提取液减肥作用的初步探讨

目的:对灵芝菌丝发酵提取液的减肥作用进行初步研究.方法:用高营养饲料建立营养性肥胖小鼠模型后,治疗组用灵芝菌丝发酵提取液灌胃,对照组用无菌生理盐水,观察体重变化.结果:灵芝菌丝发酵提取液能明显降低肥胖小鼠体重.讨论:灵芝菌丝发酵提取液具有减肥、降低体重作用.     

电渗析发酵法生产乳酸的研究

在乳酸发酵过程中,所生成的乳酸对进一步发酵有抑制作用。采用电渗析法从发酵液中及时地分离出产物乳酸,使乳酸的生产量提高到86.4g/L,是不控制pH值发酵时的4倍多。结果表明:电渗析法能有效地消除产物乳酸的抑制作用,提高了乳酸生产率,且简化了提取工艺。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.