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作为植物体内一类重要的信号分子,小肽在飞摩尔(fmol)级的浓度下被相应的细胞质膜类受体激酶识别并结合,开启小肽-受体介导的细胞间信号转导过程,从而调控植物干细胞的生长与增殖,调节根、茎、叶、花和果实等多种植物器官的发育,协调植物响应生物和非生物胁迫等多种生理过程。随着研究的不断深入,越来越多的报道揭示了小肽在水稻(Oryza sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)及番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)等多种作物农艺性状中的重要调控功能,暗示着小肽信号在作物遗传改良中的巨大应用潜力。本文系统总结了小肽-受体介导的信号转导模式在植物中的生物学功能及分子机制,重点综述了小肽在调控作物产量、品质和抗性等重要农艺性状中的研究进展,并讨论了小肽信号应用于作物育种改良的策略,最后提出了小肽研究的未来方向。 相似文献
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植物外源凝集素及其在植物基因工程中的应用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
植物外源凝集素及其基因研究所近年来发展迅速,尤其是在植物基因工程中,植物外源凝集素越来越受到重视。本文介绍了植物外源凝集素的分类、分布、多样性、基本组成与结构、凝集素基因同源性、表达及生物学功能等。重点讨论了凝集素基因在植物基因工程中的应用。 相似文献
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植物基因转移及其应用前景 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物基因转移及其应用前景刘金元(山东省农科院原子能应用研究所,济南)自从1974年Vanlarebeket[12]等人在根癌农杆菌中发现一种与双子叶植物肿瘤诱导有关的质粒,随后Chilton[7]等人又从分子水平证实了该质粒中的一个DNA片段(T-D... 相似文献
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基因捕捉及其在植物基因分离和功能基因组学上的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基因捕捉是一种报告基因的随机整合技术。基因捕捉系统已成为分离基因、鉴定基因功能的重要手段。基因捕捉(gene traps)包括增强子捕捉(enhancer trap)、启动子捕捉(promoter trap)和基因捕捉(gene trap),通称为基因捕捉(gcne traps)。在增强子捕捉中,报告基因与一个基本启动子融合,这个启动子不能使报告基因表达,但可被临近的增强子激活。在启动子捕捉和基因捕捉中,报告基因的启动子被去除,融合基因只有以正确的方向插入到转录单元内才能表达。对基因捕捉系统的结构特征、构建方法、应用范围、研究现状和应用前景等作了系统论述,并对有关问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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A transgenic perspective on plant functional genomics 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Pereira A 《Transgenic research》2000,9(4-5):245-260
Transgenic crops are very much in the news due to the increasing public debate on their acceptance. In the scientific community
though, transgenic plants are proving to be powerful tools to study various aspects of plant sciences. The emerging scientific
revolution sparked by genomics based technologies is producing enormous amounts of DNA sequence information that, together
with plant transformation methodology, is opening up new experimental opportunities for functional genomics analysis. An overview
is provided here on the use of transgenic technology for the functional analysis of plant genes in model plants and a link
made to their utilization in transgenic crops. In transgenic plants, insertional mutagenesis using heterologous maize transposons
or Agrobacterium mediated T-DNA insertions, have been valuable tools for the identification and isolation of genes that display a mutant phenotype.
To discover functions of genes that do not display phenotypes when mutated, insertion sequences have been engineered to monitor
or change the expression pattern of adjacent genes. These gene detector insertions can detect adjacent promoters, enhancers
or gene exons and precisely reflect the expression pattern of the tagged gene. Activation tag insertions can mis-express the
adjacent gene and confer dominant phenotypes that help bridge the phenotype gap. Employment of various forms of gene silencing
technology broadens the scope of recovering knockout phenotypes for genes with redundant function. All these transgenic strategies
describing gene-phenotype relationships can be addressed by high throughput reverse genetics methods that will help provide
functions to the genes discovered by genome sequencing. The gene functions discovered by insertional mutagenesis and silencing
strategies along with expression pattern analysis will provide an integrated functional genomics perspective and offer unique
applications in transgenic crops.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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植物逆境胁迫抗性的功能基因组研究策略 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物对逆境胁迫抗性的功能基因组研究主要是寻找胁迫抗性位点在相关物种基因组中的保守位置,发现胁迫反应中的高度保守序列,确定植物胁迫反应的调控机理,进而得到植物对逆境胁迫抗性的关键代谢途径和其中的关键调控因子,为进一步选择用于改良植物对逆境胁迫抗性的关键基因奠定基础。本文从主要模式植物(苔藓类植物、复苏植物、盐土植物和甜土植物)、主要技术策略(基因的差异表达分析、基因表达序列标签、cDNA芯片技术。基因表达序列分析和基因敲除和突变体筛选分析)和生物信息学方法(数据分析的生物信息学方法设计到序列比较、比较基因组学、电子克隆)等三个方面对国内外植物逆境胁迫抗性的功能基因组研究策略作了全面综述。 相似文献
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TILLING moves beyond functional genomics into crop improvement 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Transgenic methods have been successfully applied to trait improvement in a number of crops. However, reverse genetics studies by transgenic means are not practical in many commercially important crops, hampering investigations into gene function and the development of novel and improved cultivars. A nontransgenic method for reverse genetics called Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) has been developed as a method for inducing and identifying novel genetic variation, and has been demonstrated in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Recently, TILLING has been extended to the improvement of crop plants and shows great promise as a general method for both functional genomics and modulation of key traits in diverse crops. 相似文献
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Hassan Ghazal Yagoub Adam Abdellah Idrissi Azami Sofia Sehli Hannah N. Nyarko Bouchra Chaouni Grace Olasehinde Itunuoluwa Isewon Marion Adebiyi Olayinka Ajani Enock Matovu Olawole Obembe Yvonne Ajamma Gaston Kuzamunu Samson Pandam Salifu Jonathan Kayondo Alia Benkahla Ezekiel Adebiyi 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2021,107(1):21-36
Plants are the world’s most consumed goods. They are of high economic value and bring many health benefits. In most countries in Africa, the supply and quality of food will rise to meet the growing population’s increasing demand. Genomics and other biotechnology tools offer the opportunity to improve subsistence crops and medicinal herbs in the continent. Significant advances have been made in plant genomics, which have enhanced our knowledge of the molecular processes underlying both plant quality and yield. The sequencing of complex genomes of African plant species, facilitated by the continuously evolving next-generation sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatics approaches, has provided new opportunities for crop improvement. This review summarizes the achievements of genome sequencing projects of endemic African plants in the last two decades. We also present perspectives and challenges for future plant genomic studies that will accelerate important plant breeding programs for African communities. These challenges include a lack of basic facilities, a lack of sequencing and bioinformatics facilities, and a lack of skills to design genomics studies. However, it is imperative to state that African countries have become key players in the plant genome revolution and genome derived-biotechnology. Therefore, African governments should invest in public plant genomics research and applications, establish bioinformatics platforms and training programs, and stimulate university and industry partnerships to fully deploy plant genomics, particularly in the fields of agriculture and medicine. 相似文献
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陆地生态系统植物功能群研究进展 总被引:5,自引:9,他引:5
从植物功能群角度探讨陆地生态系统功能与稳定性维持机理、植物对环境变化的适应与响应以及水分、养分利用效率等成为当前生态系统生态学研究的主要技术路线.植物功能群的提出和研究,为研究复杂的生态系统提供了一个良好的方法和途径.综述了陆地生态系统功能群方面的最新研究进展,介绍了植物功能群定义的发展历程,详细比较了植物功能群划分的依据及方法,对于植物功能群与群落稳定性之间的关系、植物功能群对群落生产力的影响以及植物功能群与环境因子的动态关系等进行了深入讨论.这些研究资料表明,植物功能群整合了功能及对环境响应相似的一类植物,但植物功能特征不是绝对的、单一的,所以对植物功能群就会有不同的理解,会有不同的定义及划分方法.许多研究者从不同的角度、尺度来对植物功能群进行研究,这些研究结果有不同的针对方向和目的,使人们可以从不同的角度更全面的理解复杂的陆地生态系统.学者们在研究生态系统时,或多或少地总要与植物功能群相联系,这大大拓宽了植物功能群的应用范围.所有前人的研究使植物功能群的概念、划分、方向、应用等诸方面越来越清晰.这要求应有一个规范、统一、明确的植物功能群研究方案,这样能使对植物功能群的研究更加深入,能整合全球所有植物功能群的相关研究. 相似文献