不同杂种优势类群玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生特性的研究

以Reid、唐四平头和其它种质等3个杂种优势类群共19份玉米自交系为试验材料,以玉米幼胚作为外植体,研究了基因型、培养基和激素对玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的影响,结果表明供试材料均能进行愈伤组织的诱导,但是仅有12个自交系能再生植株。N6和改良N6培养基有助于提高愈伤组织的质量及其生长速度,2,4-D在愈伤组织的诱导中起着关键性作用。在诱导培养基中添加0.2mg／L的6-BA或KT会使胚性愈伤组织的诱导频率下降以及降低愈伤组织的质量。在胚状体诱导培养基中添加1mg／L的KT能促进绿苗的分化,但是浓度过高会使丛生苗分化过多。此外,通过对不同杂种优势类群自交系玉米幼胚培养特性的分析,发现在唐四平头类群的4个自交系中,黄早四的绿苗分化率仅为0.5％,其它3个自交系不能再生植株。但是,从Reid和其它种质类群的供试自交系中筛选出了胚性愈伤组织的诱导频率和绿苗分化率均较高的、适合于遗传转化的受体材料,如3189／4380、4380／陕综5、8103、先早17、18-599红、18-599白、501、178和冀53。     

紫果猕猴桃幼胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以紫果猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta var．purpurea)幼胚为外植体,诱导愈伤组织并进行植株再生。结果表明：不同的培养基和不同的培养条件对幼胚愈伤组织的诱导率及分化率不同;0．2mg／L ZT与0．5mg／L GA。配合使用有利于促进愈伤组织的诱导;7％蔗糖、600mg／L CH与400mg／L Gln都有利于促进愈伤组织的形成;在添加0．5mg／L 6-BA、0．05mg／L NAA与0．5mg／L GA3的MS培养基中植株的再生率达93．3％。     

不同基因型玉米愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

以5个玉米品系幼胚为外植体,研究了基因型、2,4-D浓度以及胚龄对愈伤组织诱导的影响;6-BA对愈伤组织分化的影响;以及IBA对再生芽生根的影响。结果表明：除。31外,其他基因型的外植体在相同条件下均可诱导出愈伤组织,但是不同基因型间存在显著差异;2,4-D浓度和胚龄显著影响愈伤组织的诱导,且2,4-D浓度为2．0mg／L,胚龄在11—13d之间时,玉米愈伤组织诱导率较高且质量较好。将愈伤组织转入分化培养基后,6-BA促进了愈伤组织的再分化;在生根培养基中,IBA促进了再生芽生根,经过炼苗后移栽获得再生植株。     

诱发玉米幼胚愈伤组织及其再生植株耐盐性变异的研究

本文以玉米获白×Mo17单交种的幼胚为材料。以10g/1NaCl为起始浓度,利用逐步提高NaCl浓度的方法,筛选出耐20g/1NaCl的细胞变异体,并获得再生植株。同时对影响耐盐变异系筛选、分化的 因素进行了研究。讨论了愈伤组织变异体及其再生植株的稳定性。     

玉米幼胚高效再生系统的建立

建立了玉米幼胚高效再生系统。经研究发现,苏玉1号、农大3138、农大108的幼胚培养在含有2,4－D（2.5mg/L）的IM培养基上后,大多数幼胚能愈伤化并增大,形成基部相连、上部分开的微芽结构;微芽结构在转移到BM培养基上后,形成小植株;进一步转移到RM培养基上,它们长根并形成完整杆株。玉米幼胚高效再生植株与下列因素有关：玉米基因型、幼胚大小、幼胚长芽至分化时间、6－BA、IBA、Gelrite。不同品种玉米再生能力有显著差异,幼胚大小在1－2mm之间再生能力强,幼胚长芽至分化时间4－6d最好。激素6－BA浓度在0.5-0.6mg/L之间有利于微芽形成小植株,IBA浓度在0.6-1.0mg/L促进生根。Gelirte可代替琼脂粉用于玉米生根。     

野牛草幼穗愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

以野牛草[Buchloe dactyloides(Nutt．)Engelm．]幼穗为外植体,建立了愈伤组织诱导、继代培养和植株再生体系。结果表明,雌穗比雄穗难以脱分化形成愈伤组织;小于8mm雄幼穗在2mg／L2,4-D培养基上的愈伤组织诱导率为80．0％～86．8％;添加10mg／L AgNO3对愈伤组织诱导率影响不明显,但可改善愈伤组织质量。2mg／L 2,4-D结合0．1mg／L 6-BA的培养基有利于愈伤组织的继代培养;继代超过3次、继代间隔超过3周,愈伤组织分化能力明显下降。雄穗愈伤组织在含1．0mg／L 6-BA培养基上,弱光条件下分化出芽的频率较高,达31．8％～35．0％;附加3％麦芽糖既可减轻褐化程度,又利于丛生芽的分化。分化苗在1/2MS 0．3mg／L IBA培养基上的生根率为62．5％。     

玉米幼胚高效再生系统的建立

建立了玉米幼胚高效再生系统.经研究发现,苏玉1号、农大3138、农大108的幼胚培养在含有2,4-D(2 5 mg/L)的IM培养基上后,大多数幼胚能愈伤化并增大,形成基部相连、上部分开的微芽结构;微芽结构在转移到BM培养基上后,形成小植株;进一步转移到RM培养基上,它们长根并形成完整植株.玉米幼胚高效再生植株与下列因素有关玉米基因型、幼胚大小、幼胚长芽至分化时间、6-BA、IBA、Gelrite.不同品种玉米再生能力有显著差异,幼胚大小在1～2mm之间再生能力强,幼胚长芽至分化时间4～6 d最好.激素6-BA浓度在0.5～0.6 mg/L之间有利于微芽形成小植株,IBA浓度在0.6～1 0 mg/L促进生根.Gelrite可代替琼脂粉用于玉米生根.     

莲胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

关于莲胚组织培养国内外有过研究,但迄今利用组织培养技术从莲胚诱导愈伤组织形成再生植株的成功例子尚未见有报道。     

玉米叶片愈伤组织的诱导及其植株再生

植物名称:玉米(Zea mays)品种小金黄。材料类别:幼叶。培养条件:以MS培养基为基本培养基,生长调节物质配比为:(1)2,4-D 4mg╱L(单位下同) NAA2 IAA2;(2)2,4-D8 NAA4 IAA4;(3)2,4—D 8 NAA4 IAA4 ZT0.5 BA0.5 区T 0.5:(4)2,4-DS NAA4 IAA4 ZTl     

大麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生的研究

以10个大麦优良品种为实验材料,成熟胚为外植体,研究基因型、种子的不同切割方式、培养基、激素等对大麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的影响.结果表明,种子纵切后接种出愈率显著高于横切;改良MS培养基能提高出愈率;在愈伤组织诱导过程中,不同品种对激素2,4-D与Dicamba的反应表现不同;初代愈伤组织经过3次继代培养后会转变为两种类型的胚性愈伤组织;不同品种的植株再生在不同浓度有机添加物的分化培养基上表现不同;长时间的继代培养,一些品种在植株再生过程中出现一定数量的白化苗.供试材料均能进行愈伤组织诱导,但是只有部分品种能再生植株.本实验筛选出愈伤组织诱导频率和绿苗分化率均较高,适合于遗传转化的受体材料,如87-3175、87-0053、97-4010、97-6004及208813-509.     

不同小麦品种愈伤组织诱导和再生体系建立

为了筛选适合组织培养的小麦基因型,建立一套有效的小麦诱导再生体系,以24个小麦品种的幼胚为研究材料,选用4种诱导培养基和3种分化培养基,研究了影响小麦组织培养的各种因素。结果表明：①培养基之间存在显著差异,MM2培养基的诱导效果最好,平均诱导率为98．5％,M5B培养基的分化效果最佳,平均分化率为39．8％。②不同品种在诱导愈伤和分化再生上都有显著的基因型差异。③愈伤组织诱导率和分化率之间无显著相关性。     

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Embryo of Elaeis guineenis Jacq

This paper deals with the preliminary results on callus induction and plant regeration from embryo in vitro of Elaeis guineenis. When mature embryos were cultured on dedifferen- tiation medium they proliferated calli during 30-90 days of culture. Among auxins applied, 2,4-D was more important for callus induction however 2,4-D and NAA combination gave bet- ter result. On the contrary, kinetin inhibited callus formation and growth. These experimental results explain that a higher callus induction frequency depends not only on the constituents of the medium used but also on the genotype of donor plants. After transfering the calli onto kinetin-containing media for a peirad, embryoids, which showed typical configuration of zygotic embryo, could be obtained. The embryoids can further develop into whole plants on a shoot induction medium. Some embryoids have subjected to srveral generations of subculture and still retained the ability to embryoid multification and plant regeneration.     

Optimization of Callus Induction Conditions from Immature Embryos in Maize and Plant Regeneration

This research uses the immature embryos of inbred maize lines (GSH9901, Hi01, Hi02, and Chang 7-2) as receptor materials to establish the callus induction system. These inbred lines provide the receptor materials for the genetic regeneration of maize and the verification of the genetic functions of maize. The factor experiment and orthogonal experiments were used to investigate the impacts of different genotypes, immature embryo size, shield orientation, 2, 4-D concentration, proline concentration, and folic acid concentration on the induction rate of embryogenic callus tissue. A sensitivity experiment testing glyphosate (Bar) and an antibiotic (Cefotaxime sodium) were also conducted. The results indicate that the immature embryos of inbred maize line GSH9901 were the most effective for callus tissue induction, and the immature embryos with a length of 1.6-2.0 mm produce the best result. The upward shield face is more successful for the formation of induced callus. Using orthogonal analysis, we found that the optimal combination for the induction system was A₃ (2,4-D concentration 0.25 mg mL^-1 ), B₁C₃ (proline concentration 0.8 mg mL^-1 ), and D₂ (folate Concentration 0.5 mg mL^-1) and the induction rate reached 84%. We found that cold storage at 4 °C for 1 d is more conducive for the formation of embryogenic callus than the other treatments tested. The sensitivity experiment for callus tissue screening revealed the critical concentration of glyphosate to be 10 mg ml^-1 , and the critical concentration of antibiotic is 250 mg ml^-1 . Using this combination of glyphosate and antibiotic resulted in regenerated plants. This study established the optimal conditions for immature embryo callus tissue induction in maize.     

海滨锦葵胚轴愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginica)胚轴为外植体,在9种不同激素配比的培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导、继代培养、不定芽分化及生根培养,确定了植株再生的最适培养条件:(1)愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为MS+IAA 1．0 mg·L-1+KT 0.3 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1+agar 8 g·L-1,愈伤组织诱导率为93．94％;(2)不定芽诱导最适培养基为MS+IAA 0．1 mg·L-1+ZT 0．5 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1+agar 8 g·L-1,不定芽诱导率为65．83％;(3)生根最适培养基为MS+sucrose 30 g·L-1+ agar 8 g·L-1,生根率为96．67％。炼苗移栽后,成活率可达85％。     

月季愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

以可在黑龙江地区露地越冬的5个现代月季（Rosa chinensis）品种为实验材料,分别以其无菌苗的叶片和茎段为外植体,研究了愈伤组织诱导及植株再生方法。实验结果表明：5个寒地月季品种的叶片和茎段均可诱导出愈伤组织,2,4-D诱导愈伤组织的效果较好,高浓度的细胞分裂素不适合用于月季叶片和茎段愈伤组织的诱导;TDZ在月季愈伤组织分化培养过程中具有重要作用,光照培养可促进月季愈伤组织的分化,愈伤组织的分化能力随着继代次数的增加呈下降趋势。该实验成功地从2004-8和2004-9（2个月季品种）愈伤组织中诱导出再生植株,其愈伤组织的分化率分别为45%和38%。     

The Effect of High-Concentration Auxin and Plant Regeneration in the Immature Embryo Culture of Soybean

Using immature embryos of soybean as explants, green structures and somatic embryoids were able to be induced on higher auxin-containing media. Genotypes, developmental degree of the embryos, origin of the explants and medium compositions all affected the occurrence of the structures and calli. After the green structures were transferred to high 2,4-D containing medium (30 mg/l) calli were reinduced. These calli were maintained on the same medium without being subcultured for 2 months and then transferred to lower hormone-containing media. After 2 weeks, a great number of new green structures in the same shapes were induced. It was shown that high level of 2,4-D played a unique role in lasting the morphogenesis ability of the cultures. When the green structure were cultured on low hormone-containing media they developed new leaves and formed leaf clusters while the apical did not develop. In order to stimulate the apical development the medium containing 2 mg/l GA3 and 0.1 mg/l IBA was used and some plantlets were obtained. The different effects of NAA and 2,4-D on the explants and calli were studied. Calli induced from the cotyledon of immature seeds (416 mm) had a regeneration ability stronger than that from the seedlings. The calli induced by use of the medium containing high concentration of 2,4-D (5–30 mg/l) have higher potentialities in producing green structures. In contrast, the calli induced by high concentration of NAA (10 mg/l) were highly root-morphogenetic. The explants and the calli cultured on the medium containing 5 mg/l 2,4-D could be maintained for a long term without being subcultured frequently.