海南省裸伞属新种和中国新记录

本文报道了海南省裸伞属(Gymnopilus Karsten)的1个新种和3个中国新记录种。该新种为海南裸伞(Gymnopilus hainanensis T. H. Li et W. M. Zhang)。新记录种为栎裸伞(Gymnopilus dryophilus Murrill),厄尔裸伞(G. earlei Murrill)和细鳞裸伞(G. parvisquamulosus Hesler)。所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMIGD)内。     

裸伞属的的两个新种

本文报道了广东地区裸伞属(Gymnopilus Karsten)的7个种,其中2个新种,除近缘裸伞外,其余为国内新纪录。并附分种检索表。     

裸伞属的两个新种

本文报道了广东地区裸伞属(Gymnopilus Karsten)的7个种,其中2个新种,除近缘裸伞外,其余为国内新纪录。并附分种检索表。     

海南省裸伞属新种和中国新记录

本文报道了海南省裸伞属（Gymnopilus Karsten)的1个新种和3个中国新记录种。该新种为海南裸伞（Gymnopilus hainanensis T.H.Li et W.M.Zhang)。新记录种为栎裸伞（Gymnopilus dryophilus Murrill),厄尔裸伞（G.earlei Murrill)和细鳞裸伞（G.parvisquamulosus Hesler),所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室（HMIGD）内。     

橘黄裸伞栽培子实体化学成分

<正>橘黄裸伞Gymnopilus spectabilis(Fr.)Singer,是神经致幻型毒菌的一种,别名"红环锈伞"、"大笑菌",隶属于担子菌门Basidiomycota,伞菌目Agaricales,丝膜菌科Cortinariaceae,裸伞属     

吉林省担子菌补记（十）

在吉林省大型真菌资源调查时发现4个中国新记录伞菌,即双孢粪锈伞Bolbitius bisporus E.F.Malysheva、逆型裸脚伞Gymnopus contrarius (Peck) Halling、大囊小皮伞Marasmius macrocystidiosus KiyashkoE.F. Malysheva和喀拉拉假脐菇Tubaria keralensis K.P.D. LathaManim.。基于形态学观察和分子生物学方法确认了以上4个物种的分类学特征,提供了详细的形态学描述并绘制了线条图。     

鳞伞属国内新记录种

本文报道了吉林省产鳞伞属七个国内新纪录种,它们是黄缘鳞伞;Pholiota hiemalis Smith;颗粒鳞伞Phol.granulosa(Peck)Smith;粗糙鳞伞Phol.confragosa(Fr.)Krast.;小鳞鳞伞Phol.squamulosa(Murr.)Kauff.;奇味鳞伞Phol.graveolens(Peck)Smith;多脂翘鳞伞Phol.squ-arroso-adiposa Lange;纹饰鳞伞Phol.decorata(Murr.)Smith。     

闽南-粤东近海上升流区花水母亚纲一新属二新种记述(丝螅水母目,原帽水母科;头螅水母目,棒状水母科)

记述了闽南-粤东近海上升流区花水母亚纲原帽水母科Protiaridae Haeckel,1879裸球拟海帽水母1新种Halitiarella nudibulbus Xu,Huang et Guo,sp.nov.与棒状水母科Corymorphidae Allman,1872张氏八辐端粗水母1新属1新种Octovannuccia zhangjinbiaoi Xu,Huang et Lin,gen.nov.,sp.nov.。模式标本保存在国家海洋局第三海洋研究所。裸球拟海帽水母,新种Halitiarella nudibulbus Xu,Huang et Guo,sp.nov.(图1～2)鉴别特征水母伞无顶突,外伞有分散刺胞;伞缘有4条主辐位触手和4个间辐位缘基球,所有触手和缘基球有背轴眼点;主辐位触手与间辐位缘基球间具2～3条短的实心缘丝。正模(TS045)和副模(TS046-049),闽南-粤东上升流区A25站(22.8°N,118.1°E),水深32m,2009-06-11,项鹏采(第三海洋研究所)。词源:新种以拉丁词nudibulbus为种名,意为裸球,指该种间辐位缘基球无触手。八辐端粗水母,新属Octova...     

盔孢伞属三个中国新记录种

盔孢伞属Galerina隶属于担子菌门Basidomycota蘑菇纲Agaricomycetes蘑菇目Agaricales球盖菇科Strophariaceae,目前该属全球已知300多种,多分布于北半球。中国报道30余种,目前20余种已得到确认,本文是对以往工作的补充。在对该属新近采集的标本进行研究时,发现3个中国新记录种,即小盔孢伞G.pumila、阿氏盔孢伞G.atkinsoniana和纹柄盔孢伞G.stylifera,对其进行详细的形态特征描述,并绘制其担子体宏观结构及光学显微镜下其担孢子、担子、缘生囊状体、柄生囊状体、菌盖表皮菌丝显微结构的线条图,提供了扫描电子显微镜的担孢子照片,对所研究材料进行DNA提取、PCR扩增、测序获得其ITS序列并上传到Gen Bank。下载Gen Bank中通过Blast比对所得该属北美序列及对该属分子系统学文献中的盔孢伞属欧洲序列,选择盔孢伞属的姊妹群裸伞属Gymnopilus作为外类群,并与所用材料获得的ITS序列结合,通过贝叶斯建立系统发育树。从系统发育树结果看,本文报道的3个新记录种皆与所下载的该种序列聚在一枝,且支持率较高,验证了3个新记录种的形态学鉴定结果。     

中国鳞伞属鳞伞亚属新记录种

报道了中国鳞伞属鳞伞亚属3个新记录种,即冷杉鳞伞Pholiota abietis、柠檬鳞伞P.limonella以及空囊鳞伞P.scabella,并提供详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放在吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。     

Galerina Earle: A polyphyletic genus in the consortium of dark-spored agarics

The basidiomycete genus Galerina Earle accommodates more than 300 small brown-spored agarics worldwide, predominantly described from the Northern hemisphere. The delimitation of species and infrageneric units hitherto has been based on morphological and, to some extent, ecological characters. In this study we have analyzed nuclear ribosomal LSU and ITS sequences to reveal infrageneric phylogeny and the phylogenetic placement of Galerina among the dark-spored agarics. Sequences from 36 northern hemisphere Galerina species and 19 other dark-spored taxa were analyzed, some of them obtained from EMBL/GenBank. Our results, received from Bayesian and distance methods, strongly suggest that Galerina is a polyphyletic genus. The LSU analysis shows that Galerina is composed of three or four separate monophyletic main groups. In addition, a few species cluster together with other dark-spored agarics. The same groups are recognized in the ITS tree and they correspond roughly to previously recognized subgenera or sections in Galerina. With high support our LSU analysis suggests that Gymnopilus is a monophyletic genus and that Gymnopilus and one of the Galerina lineages ("mycenopsis") are sister groups. The analyses further indicate that the Galerina lineages, as well as the genus Gymnopilus, could be referred to a strongly emendated family Strophariaceae, which corresponds largely to the family as circumscribed by Kühner (1980). Our results affirm that morphological characters often are highly homoplastic in the agarics. At the present stage formal taxonomic consequences or nomenclatural changes are not proposed.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnopilus</Emphasis> Sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microspori</Emphasis> from Japan

Gymnopilus ombrophilus sp. nov., growing on rotten wood of conifers and hardwoods from Niigata, Japan is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its medium-sized, brownish-orange basidiocarps with a finely squamulose pileus, stipe lacking an annulus, and mild taste, and microscopically by dextrinoid, small, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. The new species belongs to the section Microspori. The differences between the taxon and similar species are briefly discussed.     

Gymnopilus maritimus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from coastal psammophilous plant communities of northern Sardinia, Italy, and notes on G. arenophilus

The new species Gymnopilus maritimus is described from coastal plant communities of Juncus maritimus, growing on sandy soil or on decaying plants, from northwestern Sardinia (Italy). The distinguishing features of G. maritimus are: (1) an unusual habitat, (2) robust basidiomata, (3) mild taste, and (4) big and strongly warted spores. The new species is compared with the micromorphologically similar species G. fulgens sensu auct. Brit. p.p. and the biogeographically and ecologically similar species G. arenophilus, as well as with other European species. A photograph of fresh material, drawings of the main micromorphological features, and FESEM and optical microscope microphotographs of basidiospores are added. Furthermore, some notes on micromorphological characters of G. arenophilus are presented and its distribution area enlarged with a record from France. A key for the European species of Gymnopilus morphologically, ecologically, and/or biogeographically related to G. maritimus is presented. The phylogeny inferred from ITS rDNA sequences revealed that G. maritimus represents an independent species and that it is not related to G. arenophilus or G. fulgens. It is the sister group of the clade containing G. imperialis and G. spectabilis, but with a bootstrap support below 50%. The characters shared by the species in this clade are: (1) robust basidiomata, (2) pileus fibrillose or scaly-fibrillose, and (3) spores longer than 8 μm, dextrinoid and strongly warted. Gymnopilus imperialis and G. spectabilis differ by the basidiomata with membranous ring in the stem, living on conifers or decaying wood, and having narrower or wider spores, respectively. Taxonomical novelties: Gymnopilus maritimus Contu, Guzm.-Dáv., A. Ortega & Vizzini     

Gymnopilus turficola (Agaricales), a new species from sub-arctic palsa mires and its phylogentic relationship based on ITS sequences

Gymnopilus turficola sp. nov. is described. This species is characterized by its habitat in palsa mires growing on peat in subarctic areas, by greenish lamellae in young state and the development of an iodoform odour when kept closed for some hours. Psilocin, psilocybin or related compounds could not be detected. G. turficola seems closely related to G. odini. According to the analysis of ITS sequences this species falls into a well supported clade of closely related taxa with G. odini, G. decipiens and G. penetrans.     

Traditional infrageneric classification of Gymnopilus is not supported by ribosomal DNA sequence data

The traditional classification of Gymnopilus (Agaricales) recognizes two primary groups, Annulati and Gymnopilus, based on the presence or absence of a membranous partial veil. While our analyses of DNA sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) gene supports the monophyly of the genus, these traditional subgroups were not recovered. Five well-supported clades within the genus were identified through these analyses: 1) the spectabilis-imperialis group; 2) nevadensis-penetrans group; 3) a clade formed by G. underwoodii, G. validipes and G. cf. flavidellus; 4) aeruginosus-luteofolius group; and 5) lepidotus-subearlei group. Relationships among these subgroups were not resolved.     

中国的球盖菇科(一)鳞伞属

通过对中科院微生物研究所真菌与地衣开放实验室标本馆(HMAS)、昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)、广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)和吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)的443份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,报道了中国鳞伞属真菌31种和2变种,其中包括1新变种,即白小圈齿鳞伞凸顶变种[Pholiota albocrenulata(Pk.)Sacc.var.conicaTolgor];1中国新记录种,即黄褶鳞伞[Pholiota luteofolia(Pk.)Sacc.]和10省级新记录种,即多脂鳞伞[Pholiota adiposa(Fr.)Kumm.](广东)、白小圈齿鳞伞[Pholiota albocrenulata(Pk.)Sacc.](黑龙江)、少鳞黄鳞伞[Pholiota alnicola(Fr.)Sing.](黑龙江)、黄褐鳞伞[Pholiota fulvella(Pk.)Smithet Hesl.](内蒙古)、地生鳞伞[Pholiota highlandensis(Pk.)Smith et Hesl.](云南)、黏皮鳞伞[Pholiota lubrica(Fr.)Sing.](四川)、毛腿鳞伞[Pholiota mutabilis(Fr.)Kumm.](四川)、多脂翘鳞伞(Pholiota squarroso-adiposaLange)(黑龙江)、亚苦鳞伞[Pholiota subamaraSmith et Hesl.)(广东)、地毛柄鳞伞[Pholiota terrigena(Fr.)Karst.](内蒙古)。对每个种进行了详尽的形态学描述并提供显微线条图,编写了中国鳞伞属分亚属和分种检索表。将库恩菇属(KuehneromycesSing.et Smith)和火菇属[Flammula(Fr.)Kumm.]并入鳞伞属中。将Gymnopilus luteofolius(Pk.)Sing.和刺毛暗皮伞[Phaeomarasmius erinaceellus(Pk.)Sing.]放入鳞伞属中进行讨论;认为应将金毛鳞伞[Pholiotaaurivella(Fr.)Kumm.]、多脂翘鳞伞和地毛柄鳞伞作为独立的种处理;将Pholiota malicola(Kauff.)Smith作为Pholiota alnicola(Fr.)Sing.的同物异名;将皱盖鳞伞[Pholiota rugosa(Pk.)sing.]划入微鳞伞属(PholiotinaFayod)属中。并讨论了鳞伞属与相关的属之间形态学差异,列出了存疑种的名录。     

橘黄裸伞子实体个体发育研究

采用石蜡切片法对不同发育时期橘黄裸伞的原基或幼子实体进行个体发育研究。结果表明:橘黄裸伞原基的第一个形态分化是下部边缘菌丝平行排列进行垂直生长,形成菌柄;然后边缘菌丝迅速向外生长,外菌幕形成,菌盖原基生长,在菌盖原基下部观察到菌褶腔,菌褶腔上部连续排列着栅栏细胞;在菌褶形成过程中,囊状体在尖端上聚集,说明菌褶的生长点在与菌盖组织相连的基部而不是尖端;内菌幕由内菌幕原基、菌盖边缘平行向下生长的菌丝和菌柄上部边缘平行向外生长的菌丝共同发育形成,由于内菌幕与菌柄组织的同源性,菌环不易脱落。橘黄裸伞属于半被果型中的双菌幕发育型,发育顺序表明其为菌柄发育型。     

Metabolomics of the wild mushroom Gymnopilus imperialis (Agaricomycetes,Basidiomycota) by UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis and molecular network

Gymnopilus consists in a widely distributed genus of mushroom-forming fungi, especially in tropical regions of the world. Literature on Gymnopilus representatives reports the presence of oligoisoprenoids, and styrylpyrones. Considering the large number of secondary metabolites that basidiomycetes might contain, dereplication tools such as GNPS (Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking), has become important in prospecting metabolites, saving time and work on isolation and characterization of natural products. Thus, this work identified the wild mushroom Gymnopilus imperialis and dereplicated their extracts with the aid of GNPS to annotate oligoisoprenoids. It was possible to annotate 24 oligoisoprenoids from methanol, dichloromethaneand ethyl acetate extracts of G. imperialis, 4 of them from GNPS spectral library match, and 20 from prediction based on molecular network. Moreover HRMS-ESI-(+) dereplication of the acetate extract annotated bisnoryangonin and hispidin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the annotation of a series of gymnopilins analogues based on GNPS molecular network. Our findings suggest that GNPS might be an effective, rapid, and open-source device to identify compounds and predict analogues.