光合作用光抑制的研究进展

概述了植物光合作用光抑制的研究进展,包括造成光抑制和光氧化的活性氧的产生和作用机理,光抑制的作用部位,以及光保护机制等,着重从三个方面讨论了植物抗光抑制的保护机理：与光系统Ⅱ天线以及叶黄素循环相关的热耗散途径,包括光呼吸、H2O-H2O循环和环式电子传递在内的电子传递途径,以及活性氧清除机制等。     

双氯芬酸对烟草BY-2细胞呼吸代谢的影响

双氯芬酸是一种新的全球性环境污染物,严重影响植物的生长发育,但其作用机制至今尚不清楚。本研究从双氯芬酸对烟草BY-2细胞呼吸代谢和活性氧代谢的影响入手,探讨双氯芬酸抑制植物细胞生长的作用机理。结果表明,双氯芬酸处理1 d后,显著抑制了烟草BY-2细胞的生长,引起细胞内活性氧(ROS)的爆发和积累,并导致烟草BY-2细胞死亡。双氯芬酸对烟草BY-2细胞的糖酵解途径(EMP)、三羧酸循环(TCA)和戊糖磷酸途径(PPP)三个碳代谢途径以及细胞色素氧化酶(COX)和交替氧化酶(AOX)参与的两条呼吸电子传递途径均有即时抑制作用。双氯芬酸可能通过抑制细胞线粒体呼吸电子传递链的活性,导致电子从呼吸链泄漏加速ROS的形成,并反馈抑制呼吸碳代谢途径,进而导致细胞内物质代谢和能量代谢紊乱,这些是双氯芬酸抑制烟草BY-2细胞生长、导致细胞死亡的重要原因。     

叶黄素循环及其在光保护中的分子机理研究

植物的生命活动离不开充足的光照 ,但是当光照过强时 ,叶片吸收的光能超过了光合电子传递所需 ,过剩的光能便会对光合器官产生潜在的危害 ,引起光合作用的光抑制或光破坏。依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散被认为是光保护的主要途径。本文着重介绍近年来有关植物叶黄素循环在酶学方面的分子调控、它的主要功能以及依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散在光保护中的分子机理等 ,并对需进一步研究的问题作了探讨     

叶黄素循环及其在光保护中的分子机理研究

植物的生命活动离不开充足的光照,但是当光照过强时,叶片吸收的光能超过了光合电子传递所需,过剩的光能便会对光合器官产生潜在的危害,引起光合作用的光抑制或光破坏.依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散被认为是光保护的主要途径.本文着重介绍近年来有关植物叶黄素循环在酶学方面的分子调控、它的主要功能以及依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散在光保护中的分子机理等,并对需进一步研究的问题作了探讨.     

植物光破坏防御机制研究进展

光破坏防御机制是植物为应对复杂多变的自然环境而产生的保护措施,这些措施从形态、生理和生化等方面反映了植物对环境的适应能力。本文根据光抑制的机理,对近年来植物的光破坏防御机制以及高等植物叶黄素循环机制的研究现状进行综述,认为叶黄素循环防御机制是植物光保护作用的重要措施之一。     

PSⅠ的低温光抑制

简要介绍和阐述了PSⅠ的分子组成、电子传递体及其传递途径以及低温条件下PSⅠ光抑制的作用位点和可能的作用机制 ,并根据PSⅠ光抑制的特点 ,对其生理生化保护机制作了分析     

杂交酸模叶片线粒体交替氧化酶呼吸途径在光破坏防御中的作用

以杂交酸模(Rumex K-1)为试材,研究了不同光强下线粒体交替氧化酶呼吸途径(AOX途径)对酸模叶片光破坏的防御作用.结果表明:在200 μmol·m-2·s-1弱光下,用水杨基羟肟酸抑制AOX途径后,Rumex K-1叶片的PSⅡ实际光化学效率、光合线性电子传递速率以及光合放氧速率均显著下降,非还原性QB反应中心显著升高,加重了叶片的光抑制,而活性氧清除机制上调,避免了活性氧的过量积累,部分缓解了Rumex K-1叶片的光抑制;在800 μmol·m-2·s-1强光下,AOX途径受抑,导致Rumex K-1叶片发生严重的光抑制,而此时活性氧清除机制的上调不足以缓解活性氧过量的积累.无论在强光还是弱光下,AOX途径在Rumex K-1叶片的光破坏防御过程中都起着重要作用,而且在强光下,AOX途径对叶片的光破坏防御作用是叶绿体内其他光破坏防御途径所不能代替的.     

高等植物光合作用的光抑制研究进展

光抑制是目前高等植物光合作用研究中的热点,近些年来无论是对其本质的认识,还是机理研究都已取得很大进展。本文首先简要回顾了光抑制研究发展的历程,阐明现代光抑制理论包括耗散过剩光能的光保持机制运转和过剩光能对光合机构的破坏两个方面。然后,就叶黄素循环、Mehler反应、光呼吸、LHCII磷酸化、PSII光化学活性下降以及由类胡罗卜素、Cytb 559参与的一些主要光保护机制作了综述,着重论述了其作用机理及研究进展。最后,就现阶段光破坏原初作用位点的认识及光破坏机理的最新研究成果作了总结。     

高等植物光合作用的光抑制研究进展

光抑制是目前高等植物光合作用研究中的热点,近此年来无论是对其本质的认识,还是机理研究都已取得很进展。本文首先简要回顾了光抑制研究发展的历程,阐明现代光抑制理论包括耗散过剩光能的光保持机制运转和过剩光能对光合机构的破坏两个方面。然后,应叶黄素循环、Ｍｅｈｌｅｒ反应、光呼吸、ＬＨＣⅡ磷酸化、ＰＳⅡ光化学活性下降以及由类胡罗卜素、Ｃｙｔｂ－５５９参与的一些主要光保护机制作了综述,着重论述了其作用机理及研     

植物电子传递速率光响应模型的研究进展

电子传递速率光响应模型是研究植物光合生理和生态学的重要工具,可为量化原初反应光能的吸收和传递对光的响应提供理论依据。该文综述了目前常用的电子传递速率光响应模型的数学特征,分析了不同模型的优势及其在实际应用中的潜在问题,并在此基础上对这些模型可能的发展趋势进行了展望。原初反应包括光能的吸收、光合色素分子的激发和退激发(包括光化学反应、荧光发射和热耗散)、激子共振传递以及光系统Ⅱ (PSⅡ)反应中心发生电荷分离产生电子传递速率等一系列复杂的物理和生化反应过程。电子传递速率光响应经验模型和半机理模型因不涉及或只涉及部分原初反应过程而难以解释藻类和高等植物的PSⅡ动力学下调、光适应和光保护等现象。电子传递速率光响应机理模型综合考虑了光合色素分子的物理参数(如本征光能吸收截面(σ_ik)、分子处于最低激发态的平均寿命(τ_min)、分子的能级简并度和处于激发态的光合色素分子数(N_k))在整个原初反应过程中的重要作用,不仅可以获得藻类和高等植物叶片的最大电子传递速率以及对应的饱和光强等光合参数,还可以获得σ_ik和τ...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.