Ariopsis macrosperma sp. nov. (Araceae) from the northern Western Ghats,India

Ariopsis macrosperma sp. nov. from Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India, is described and illustrated. It differs from the other two species in the genus, A. peltata and A. protanthera, in having a typical terrestrial habit, growing on the soil as undergrowth below the forest canopy, thick, leathery leaves and lower number of larger, ovoid and ribbed seeds.     

中国滇西天南星科一新种——保山犁头尖

描述了天南星科Araceae南星族Areae犁头尖属Tiphonium Schoa一新种——保山犁头尖Typhonium baoshanense Z.L.Dao ＆ H.Li,它的叶形和佛焰苞形态与犁头尖T.blumei Nicolson ＆ Sivadasan相似,但附属器下部,雄花序之上,有1-2轮不育雄花（退化雄蕊）,雌花序圆锥形,附属器基部截形和佛焰焰苞檐部狭窄而易于区别。同域分布的犁头尖染色体数目为2n=52,本种染色体数目为2n=10,为天南星科的最低染色体基数。     

犁头尖属及其近缘属植物(天南星科)的花粉形态

利用扫描电镜对犁头尖属（Typhonium Schott）及其近缘属共18种植物的花粉进行研究,其中,8种为首次报道,11种为我国特有。结果表明：天南星族4属植物花粉形态基本一致,无萌发孔,无覆盖层,具刺,但各个种在花粉粒大小,刺长,刺的开关,刺的密度,刺基部直径和刺间纹饰方面差别较大,可以作为种的区别特征之一。花粉形态特征支持天南星族为本科最进化类群的观点。花粉粒刺间具颗粒为半夏属（Pinellia Tenore）植物花粉的显著特征,花粉形态特征不支持将单籽犁头尖（T,calcicolum C.Y.Wues H.Li et al.）和昆明犁头尖（T,kunmingense H,Li）合并。西南犁头尖（T.omeiense H.Li）的花粉粒非常小,认为是较进化的种。犁头尖属内种间的花粉形态差异较大,甚至大于属间的差异,或许该属的系统分类需要作较大的变动,这与Susanne利用cpDNA片段的所提结果基本一致。     

Trichosporon siamense sp. nov. isolated from insect frass in Thailand

A strain of yeast isolated from insect frass collected in Thailand was found to represent a hitherto undescribed species of a basidiomycetous anamorphic genus Trichosporon. It is described as Trichosporon siamense. In the phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 region sequences of 26S rDNA, this yeast constitutes a cluster with several Q-9 having species of Trichosporon including T. otae and T. brassicae but is clearly differentiated from these species by 1.8% or more base substitutions. In the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and ITS2), this species differs from T. scarabaeorum, the nearest species, by 6.5% base substitution.     

Phyllanthus brunelii sp.nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from Thailand

Phyllanthus brunelii Roux, a new shrubby species from Thailand is described. P. brunelii has apparently until now been confused with P. reticulatus Poir. Its pollen structure suggests affinities between the subgenera Kirganelia (A. Juss.) Webster and Gomphidium (Baill.) Webster.     

Pseuderanthemum pubescens sp. nov. (Acanthaceae) from Thailand

Pseuderanthemum pubescens T. Choopan & P. J. Grote, a new species from southeastern Thailand is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from P. longistylum J. B. Imlay by leaves being pubescent instead of glabrous and by the corolla lobes being purple with reddish purple dots on all 5 lobes instead of dotted on lower lip only.     

Liparis rubescens sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand

In the context of an ongoing revision of the orchid genus Liparis in Thailand, we describe and illustrate a new species under the name L. rubescens Tetsana, H. A. Pedersen & Sridith. Morphologically, it is particularly similar to L. dumaguetensis Ames from the Philippines, but it differs in the shape of the lateral sepals and in several characters of the labellum. Among the Liparis species already known from Thailand, L. atrosanguinea Ridl. bears a certain resemblance to the new species, but not so much as to make misidentifications likely. So far, L. rubescens is only known from Khao Nan National Park in the southern Thai province of Nakhon Si Thammarat, but we suggest that it should also be searched for in other parts of peninsular Thailand, southernmost Myanmar and Peninsular Malaysia.     

Oberonia pygmaea sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand

In the context of an ongoing revision of the orchid genus Oberonia in Thailand, we describe and illustrate a new species under the name O. pygmaea Bunpha, H. A. Pedersen & Sridith. Vegetatively, the tiny new species is particularly similar to O. rufilabris Lindl. (widespread in mainland southeast Asia, including Thailand), whereas its floral morphology comes closest to the much larger O. costeriana J. J. Sm. from Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi. So far, O. pygmaea is only known from Pang Ung in the northern Thai province of Mae Hong Son, but we suggest that it should also be searched for in hill evergreen forest in adjoining parts of the Dawna Range, both in Thailand and Myanmar.     

Geostachys angustifolia sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand

A new species of Geostachys (Bak.) Ridl. is described, G. angustifolia K. Larsen sp. nov., and a key to all species of the genus found in Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam is presented.     

Pogostemon nudus sp. nov. (Lamiaceae) from Thailand

A new species of Pogostemon Desf., P. nudus Bongcheewin & Pramali, is described, illustrated and compared with the similar P. menthoides from Thailand. Morphological characters, especially the micromorphology of nutlets and leaf epidermis, and conservation status in accordance with the IUCN red list categories and criteria are described and discussed. In addition, a key to all species of P. sect. Pogostemon known from Thailand is presented.     

Aristolochia helix sp.nov. (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand

A new species of Aristolochiaceae, Aristolochia helix , is described from Thailand and contrasted to its nearest ally, A. arenicola.     

Piper viridescens sp. nov. (Piperaceae) from Thailand

Piper viridescens sp. nov. is proposed based on material from northern Thailand. The new species is described and illustrated, resulting from a revision of the genus in Thailand. The new species is most closely related to P. boehmeriifolium (Miq.) C. DC. A table comparing diagnostic features of P. viridescens, P. boehmeriifolium and P. retrofractum is provided.     

Candida ratchasimensis sp. nov. and Candida khaoyaiensis sp. nov., two anamorphic yeast species isolated from flowers in Thailand

Two yeast strains of the genus Candida were isolated from wild flowers collected in Khao Yai National Park, Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand. Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene, strains BCC 7722^T (=NBRC 102563^T=CBS 10611^T) and BCC 7729^T (=NBRC 102565^T=CBS 10839^T) were found to represent two distinct novel Candida species, for which the names Candida ratchasimensis sp. nov. and Candida khaoyaiensis sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. In the phylogenetic tree constructed according to the neighbour-joining method based on sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene, strains BCC 7722^T (GenBank accession no. AY228492 ) and BCC 7729^T (accession no. DQ400367 ) constituted a cluster with Candida cellae that was connected with a clade with Starmerella meliponinorum and Candida etschellsii . Within the D1/D2 domain, C. ratchasimensis and C. khaoyaiensis differ from C. cellae in 25 nucleotide substitutions with five gaps and 29 nucleotide substitutions with one gap, respectively.     

Wickerhamomyces edaphicus sp. nov. and Pichia jaroonii sp. nov., two ascomycetous yeast species isolated from forest soil in Thailand

Four yeast strains were isolated from soil in a mixed deciduous forest in Amphoe Wang Nam Khiao, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, small-subunit rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the three strains (S-29, S-63 and S-80) were found to represent a single species of the genus Wickerhamomyces , which were named Wickerhamomyces edaphicus sp. nov. The type strain is S-29^T (BCC 21231^T=NBRC 101969^T=CBS 10408^T). Strain S-75 represented a novel species of the genus Pichia on the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene, for which the name Pichia jaroonii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-75^T (BCC 23061^T, NRBC 102180^T=CBS 10930^T).     

Araceae of Mulu National Park. I. Four new species of Schismatoglottis (Araceae)

Four new species of Schismatoglottis are described and illustrated from Mulu National Park in Malaysian Borneo: Schismatoglottis fossae (Patentinervia Clade), S. roseopedes and S. serratodentata (Calyptrata Clade) and S. pellucida (currently unplaced but likely in the Multinervia clade). A brief summary is provided of botanical exploration at Mulu, notably where pertinent to aroid botany.     

Heterostemma trilobatum sp. nov. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) from Thailand

A new species, Heterostemma trilobatum A. Kidyoo & Thaithong has been discovered in northern, northeastern and southeastern Thailand. It is here described, illustrated and meticulously compared with a morphologically similar species, H. xuansonense T. B. Tran & J. Hw. Kim. Both species resemble each other, having sessile to subsessile cymes, five glands on the inside of the calyx and dark red to purplish red ovate corona lobes. However, H.trilobatum is markedly differentiated by much smaller size of flowers and the presence of peculiar trilobed corona appendages.     

Eine neueThomsonia-Art (Araceae) aus Thailand

A new species,Thomsonia sumawongii Bogner, is described from Thailand. Relationships toTh. napalensis and betweenThomsonia, Pseudodracontium andAmorphophallus are discussed.Allopythion hookeri Schott has to be eliminated as dubious.