共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Yun-Hee Kim Jae Cheol Jeong Haeng-Soon Lee Sang-Soo Kwak 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2014,23(4):440-443
To ascertain the response of sweetpotato peroxidases (PODs) to nitric oxide (NO), we treated the leaves of sweet potato with the NO generator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the NO scavenger carboxyl-PTIO (cPTIO). Exogenous application of more than 5 mM SNP caused damage to sweetpotato leaves at 24 h after treatment. The accumulation of NO in leaves was positively correlated with the SNP dose. The specific activity of PODs in sweet potato leaves was markedly increased by treatment with greater than 1 mM SNP for 24 h, whereas POD activity and accumulated NO content decreased to low levels by treatment with cPTIO. Expression analysis of POD genes in response to treatment with SNP and cPTIO revealed that major stress-inducible acidic genes, such as swpa1, swpa2, swpa3, and swpa4, were specifically regulated. These results indicate that increased NO levels in sweet potato leaves are closely linked to an improved defense capability mediated by stress-inducible PODs. 相似文献
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Characterization of melanin isolated from a dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhan Fangdong He Yongmei Zu Yanqun Li Tao Zhao Zhiwei 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(10):2483-2489
Melanin produced by a dark septate endophyte, Exophiala pisciphila, was isolated and purified. The solubility properties, Ultraviolet–visible and Fourier transform infrared spectra of the
purified E. pisciphila melanin were similar to those of typical melanin. Inhibition of melanin production was observed when colonies exposed to
tricyclazole (1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin inhibitor), but not to kojic acid (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine melanin
inhibitor). Thus the E. pisciphila melanin was a member of DHN melanin family. In addition, the antioxidant activities of E. pisciphila melanin were evaluated in vitro by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical-scavenging assay. E. pisciphila melanin exhibited a strong antioxidant activity. Addition of 50–350 mg L−1 Cd(II) to the medium increased the melanin production in E. pisciphila. 相似文献
4.
《Fungal biology》2022,126(9):609-619
Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are the main soybean root rot pathogens in northern China. We investigated the distribution and driving factors of Fusarium under different cropping systems to evaluate and regulate soil health. The factors affecting Fusarium in soybean cropping systems were assessed using high-throughput sequencing of ITS1 to identify soil microbial population diversity, and then the soil physicochemical properties were assessed to determine the levels of various elements present in the environment. According to the results, the abundance of Fusarium was obviously reduced in the corn–soybean rotation and uncultivated soil systems. The relative abundance of Fusarium in the soil and the abundance and diversity of fungal communities were significantly positively associated with the abundance of Ascomycota. Additionally, the relative abundance of Fusarium was significantly positively correlated with the zinc (Zn) content. When the Zn content was high, the abundance of Fusarium increased, and the correlations with Chaetomium, Cryptococcus, Penicillium and Trichoderma significantly decreased. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with fungal community abundance and diversity. Based on our results, the uncultivated soil and corn–soybean rotation cropping systems improved the organizational structure of the soil fungal community and were conducive to the health and production of soybean. 相似文献
5.
In the present study, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of lateral root (LR) formation in rice was examined.
Application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a NO donor) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; a naturally occurring auxin) to rice
seedlings induced LR formation. The effect is specific for NO because the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-
oxide (cPTIO) blocked the action of SNP and IBA. Endogenous NO was detected by the specific fluorescence probe 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein
diacetate. SNP- and IBA-induced NO fluorescence was specifically suppressed by cPTIO. Nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor sodium
tungstate completely inhibited IBA-induced LR formation and NO fluorescence. However, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N
G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride slightly reduced IBA-induced LR formation and NO generation. It appears that NO generation
that occurs in response to IBA might primarily involve NR activity. Moreover, NO production caused by SNP and IBA was localized
in root area corresponding to LR emergence. The effects of Ca2+ chelators, Ca2+-channel inhibitors, and calmodulin antagonists on LR formation induced by SNP and IBA were also examined. All these inhibitors
were effective in reducing the action of SNP and IBA. However, Ca2+ chelators and Ca2+-channel inhibitors had no effect on SNP- and IBA-induced NO generation. It is concluded that cytosolic levels of Ca2+ may regulate SNP and IBA action through calmodulin-dependent mechanism. 相似文献
6.
Neurospora crassa contains all four enzymes for the synthesis of DHN (dihydroxynaphthalene), the substrate for melanin formation. We show that the DHN melanin pathway functions during N. crassa female development to generate melanized peridium and ascospore cell walls. N. crassa contains one polyketide synthase (PER-1), two polyketide hydrolases (PKH-1 and PKH-2), two THN (tetrahydroxynaphthalene) reductases (PKR-1 and PKR-2), and one scytalone dehydratase (SCY-1). We show that the PER-1, PKH-1, PKR-1 and SCY-1 are required for ascospoer melanization. We also identified the laccase that functions in the conversion of DHN into melanin via a free radical oxidative polymerization reaction, and have named the gene lacm-1 (laccase for melanin formation-1). In maturing perithecia, we show that LACM-1 is localized to the peridium cell wall space while the DHN pathway enzymes are localized to intracellular vesicles. We present a model for melanin formation in which melanin is formed within the cell wall space and the cell wall structure is similar to “reinforced concrete” with the cell wall glucan, chitin, and glycoproteins encased within the melanin polymer. This arrangement provides for a very strong and resilient cell wall and protects the glucan/chitin/glycoprotein matrix from digestion from enzymes and damage from free radicals. 相似文献
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José A. Monreal Cirenia Arias-Baldrich Vanesa Tossi Ana B. Feria Alfredo Rubio-Casal Carlos García-Mata Lorenzo Lamattina Sofía García-Mauriño 《Planta》2013,238(5):859-869
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that mediates many plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salt stress. Interestingly, salinity increases NO production selectively in mesophyll cells of sorghum leaves, where photosynthetic C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C4 PEPCase) is located. PEPCase is regulated by a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-kinase (PEPCase-k), which levels are greatly enhanced by salinity in sorghum. This work investigated whether NO is involved in this effect. NO donors (SNP, SNAP), the inhibitor of NO synthesis NNA, and the NO scavenger cPTIO were used for long- and short-term treatments. Long-term treatments had multifaceted consequences on both PPCK gene expression and PEPCase-k activity, and they also decreased photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters and plant growth. Nonetheless, it could be observed that SNP increased PEPCase-k activity, resembling salinity effect. Short-term treatments with NO donors, which did not change photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters and PPCK gene expression, increased PEPCase-k activity both in illuminated leaves and in leaves kept at dark. At least in part, these effects were independent on protein synthesis. PEPCase-k activity was not decreased by short-term treatment with cycloheximide in NaCl-treated plants; on the contrary, it was decreased by cPTIO. In summary, NO donors mimicked salt effect on PEPCase-k activity, and scavenging of NO abolished it. Collectively, these results indicate that NO is involved in the complex control of PEPCase-k activity, and it may mediate some of the plant responses to salinity. 相似文献
9.
Nitric oxide modulates cadmium influx during cadmium-induced programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive gas and functions as a signaling molecule in plants exposed to diverse biotic and abiotic
stresses including cadmium (Cd2+). Cd2+ is a non-essential and toxic heavy metal, which has been reported to induce programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. Here,
we investigated the role of NO in Cd2+-induced PCD in tobacco BY-2 cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2). In this work, BY-2 cells exposed to 150 μM CdCl2 underwent PCD with TUNEL-positive nuclei, significant chromatin condensation and the increasing expression of a PCD-related
gene Hsr203J. Accompanied with the occurring of PCD, the production of NO increased significantly. The supplement of NO by sodium nitroprusside
(SNP) had accelerated the PCD, whereas the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) and NO-specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) alleviated this
toxicity. To investigate the mechanism by which NO exerted its function, Cd2+ concentration was measured subsequently. SNP led more Cd2+ content than Cd2+ treatment alone. By contrast, the prevention of NO by l-NAME decreased Cd2+ accumulation. Using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, we analyzed the pattern and rate of Cd2+ fluxes. This analysis revealed the promotion of Cd2+ influxes into cells by application of SNP, while l-NAME and cPTIO reduced the rate of Cd2+ uptake or even resulted in net Cd2+ efflux. Based on these founding, we concluded that NO played a positive role in CdCl2-induced PCD by modulating Cd2+ uptake and thus promoting Cd2+ accumulation in BY-2 cells. 相似文献
10.
Research on NO in plants has achieved huge attention in recent years mainly due to its function in plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we investigated Cd induced NO generation and its relationship to ROS and antioxidant regulation in Brassica juncea. Cd accumulated rapidly in roots and caused oxidative stress as indicated by increased level of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 thus, inhibiting the overall plant growth. It significantly decreased the root length, leaf water content and photosynthetic pigments. A rapid induction in intracellular NO was observed at initial exposures and low concentrations of Cd. A 2.74-fold increase in intracellular NO was recorded in roots treated with 25 μM Cd than control. NO effects on Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and on antioxidant system was investigated by using sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor and a scavenger, [2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylinidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide] (cPTIO). Roots pretreated with 5 mM SNP for 6 h when exposed to 25 μM Cd for 24 h reduced the level of proline, non-protein thiols, SOD, APX and CAT in comparison to only Cd treatments. However, this effect was almost blocked by 100 μM cPTIO pretreatment to roots for 1 h. This ameliorating effect of NO was specific because cPTIO completely reversed the effect in the presence of Cd. Thus, the present study report that NO strongly counteracts Cd induced ROS mediated cytotoxicity in B. juncea by controlling antioxidant metabolism as the related studies are not well reported in this species. 相似文献
11.
The paper reports stimulatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) on in vitro caulogenesis in Albizzia
lebbeck, a tree legume. Exogenously supplied NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) stimulated shoot differentiation from hypocotyl
explants of Albizzia lebbeck, excised from its in vitro seedlings. Potassium ferrocyanide, a structural analog of SNP incapable of releasing NO, did not
promote shoot organogenesis. Likewise, metabolic products of NO, NO2
− and NO3
−, provided as NaNO2 and NaNO3 did not enhance shoot differentiation. The NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimideazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide
(cPTIO), supplemented along with SNP, at equimolar concentration, reversed the stimulatory effect of the latter, thus, confirming
the role of NO in promotion of in vitro caulogenesis. The transfer of explants cultured on the basal medium (BM) to the same
containing SNP and vice versa after different time intervals revealed that for its enhancing effect, SNP was required only
during the initial phase (5 days) of culture. Its presence or administration beyond 5 days neither promoted nor inhibited
the caulogenic response. 相似文献
12.
Cymbidium shoot buds grown under Mg2+ deficiency without naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) showed knotted appearance. Ultrastructure of the cortical cells showed a
progressive disorganization and disintegration of chloroplast membranes. The growth of shoots was resumed with the addition
of 10 μM NAA. Specific NO scavenger, cPTIO induced deformation in shoot growth in 80 % of cultures. In longitudinal sections
of shoots treated with cPTIO, depositions of densely stained particles in cells were observed. These inhibitory responses
of cPTIO were ameliorated by 10 μM NAA. The NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), treated shoot buds displayed rapid senescence
followed by necrosis of leaves. Ultrastructure of cortical cells at this stage revealed the endocytosis of mitochondria along
with membrane bound cytoplasmic inclusions in the vacuole. A sharp increase in H2O2 generation was observed with a little change in the activity of antioxidant glutathione disulfide (GSSG), suggesting NO mediated
oxidative stress. Surprisingly, after 4 weeks these necrotic shoots were converted into a globular, embryo like shoot tip
with numerous structures termed here as ‘neomorph’ in its base. Neomorphs were different from protocorm like bodies both anatomically
and morphologically. Ultrastructure of the rhizome tip exhibited numerous amyloplast and round mitochondria. At this stage,
the generation of high rate of H2O2 was masked by GSSG, and the generation of GSSG was proportional with the concentrations of SNP, and not observed in the control
(without SNP). The neomorphs were further sub-cultured to medium with different concentrations of SNP or cPTIO. After 4 weeks
of culture, only the neomorphs sub-cultured on medium with SNP developed into shoots and approximately ten shoots were observed
to emerge from the axils of each rhizome. Ultrastructure of cells of regenerating green neomorphs showed different shapes
of mitochondria and chloroplasts and presence of active dictyosomes. The obtained shoots subjected to the acclimatization
in polyhouse, expressed good growth with 85 % survival. Therefore it is reasonable to suggest that the process of de-differentiation
and re-differentiation leading to rhizome formation under the condition of Mg2+ deficiency is NO mediated. 相似文献
13.
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on caulogenesis, shoot organogenesis and rhizogenesis from hypocotyl explants of Linum usitatissimum were investigated. Exogenously supplied NO donors, 5 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 2 μM S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and 2 μM 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), significantly promoted shoot differentiation from the
hypocotyl explants of L. usitatissimum excised from its in vitro raised seedlings. Potassium ferrocyanide, a structural analogue of SNP, lacking NO group, did not
promote shoot organogenesis. Likewise, products of NO,
\textNO2 - {\text{NO}}_{2}^{ - } and
\textNO3 - {\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - } supplied as 5 μM NaNO2 and 5 μM NaNO3 did not enhance shoot differentiation. Another source of NO, a mixture of sodium nitrite (SN) provided along with ascorbic
acid (AsA), also caused significant promotion in the average number of shoots per responding explant. SNP also augmented the
rhizogenic response of the microshoots in terms of percentage of responding explants, number of roots per responding explant
and average root length. The NO scavengers, 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimideazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO)
or methylene blue (MB), provided along with SNP, SNAP, SIN-1 or SN + AsA, at concentrations equimolar to the optimum concentration
of the donors, reversed the promotory influence, thereby, confirming the role of NO in promotion of in vitro morphogenesis.
However, NO scavengers individually did not affect the observed morphogenic processes. Morphological and histological studies
of hypocotyl segments cultured on BM or BM + SNP for 4, 8 and 12 days demonstrated that SNP enhanced shoot differentiation
by inducing a higher number of shoot primordia, each of which develops into a single shoot. 相似文献
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The role of nitric oxide (NO) and the relationship between NO and cytosolic pH during inhibition of ABA effect by fusicoccin (FC) in guard cells of Vicia faba were analyzed. ABA induced NO generation and stomatal closure, but FC inhibited the effects of ABA. Treatment with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetra-methylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) and NG-nitro-L-Arg-methyl ester (L-NAME) mimicked the effects of FC. These data suggest that inhibition of ABA effect by FC is possibly related to the decreasing in the NO level. Furthermore, like cPTIO, FC not only suppressed stomatal closure and NO level in guard cells treated with NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), but also reopened stomata, which had been closed by ABA, and reduced the level of NO in guard cells that had been produced by ABA, indicating that FC caused NO removal. Butyric acid simulated the effects of FC on the stomatal aperture and increased NO levels in guard cells treated with SNP and had been closed by ABA, and both FC and butyric acid surely reduced cytosolic pH, which demonstrates that cytosolic acidification mediates FC-induced NO removal. Taken together, our results show that FC induces NO removal and reduces NO level via cytosolic acidification in guard cells, thus inhibiting ABA effect. 相似文献
16.
植物病原真菌黑色素与致病性关系的研究进展 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
黑色素是一类生物聚合分子的总称,不同来源的黑色素种类不同,其中报道较多的是DOPA黑色素和DHN黑色素。DOPA黑色素和DHN黑色素具有相似的理化性质但其合成底物和途径不同。DHN黑色素在植物病原直菌中广泛存在,与病原菌致病能力密切相关。病原菌侵染寄主时黑色素沉积存附着胞细胞壁的内层,防止了形成膨压的溶质渗透到细胞外,产生很大的机械压力,保证病原菌侵入寄主。结合作者的研究结果综述了黑色素的种类、性质及黑色素与病原菌致病性关系等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
17.
María Cristina Lombardo Magdalena Graziano Joseph C Polacco Lorenzo Lamattina 《Plant signaling & behavior》2006,1(1):28-33
The root epidermis is composed of two cell types: trichoblasts (or hair cells) and atrichoblasts (or non-hair cells). In lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Grand Rapids var. Rapidmor oscura) plants grown hydroponically in water, the root epidermis did not form root hairs. The addition of 10 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, resulted in almost all rhizodermal cells differentiated into root hairs. Treatment with the synthetic auxin 1-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) displayed a significant increase of root hair formation (RHF) that was prevented by the specific NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO). In Arabidopsis, two mutants have been shown to be defective in NO production and to display altered phenotypes in which NO is implicated. Arabidopsis nos1 has a mutation in an NO synthase structural gene (NOS1), and the nia1 nia2 double mutant is null for nitrate reductase (NR) activity. We observed that both mutants were affected in their capacity of developing root hairs. Root hair elongation was significantly reduced in nos1 and nia1 nia2 mutants as well as in cPTIO-treated wild type plants. A correlation was found between endogenous NO level in roots detected by the fluorescent probe DAF-FM DA and RHF. In Arabidopsis, as well as in lettuce, cPTIO blocked the NAA-induced root hair elongation. Taken together, these results indicate that: (1) NO is a critical molecule in the process leading to RHF and (2) NO is involved in the auxin-signaling cascade leading to RHF.Key Words: auxin, nitric oxide, root hair, lettuce, arabidopsis, nos1 mutant, nia1, nia2 mutant 相似文献
18.
Nitric oxide (NO), salicylic acid (SA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signal molecules that mediate plant resistance reactions and play important roles in secondary metabolism. To research the signal transduction pathway of the endophytic fungal elicitor from Fusarium sp. E5 promoting secondary metabolism in Euphorbia pekinensis suspension cells, the changes in NO, SA, ROS, and isoeuphpekinensin contents in the cells were investigated after elicitor addition to the cell suspension culture. The elicitor did not change H2O2 or O2 ? contents notably, whereas NO and SA contents were enhanced. Both the NO donator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and SA enhanced isoeuphpekinensin content in the absence of the fungal elicitor, whereas the NO scavenger cPTIO and SA biosynthesis inhibitor cinnamic acid (CA) inhibited isoeuphpekinensin accumulation in the presence of the elicitor. In addition, cPTIO inhibited SA production induced by the fungal elicitor. CA did not inhibit NO production, but it significantly inhibited isoeuphpekinensin accumulation. The results demonstrated that in Euphorbia pekinensis suspension cells the endophytic fungal elicitor induced increased NO content and SA production, which promoted isoeuphpekinensin accumulation. ROS are clearly not involved in the endophytic fungus–host interaction signaling pathway. 相似文献
19.
The role of melanin in the antagonistic interaction between the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis and Microsphaeropsis ochracea 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The objective of this study was to examine the role of melanin in the interaction between the mycoparasite Microsphaeropsis ochracea and the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis. Melanin was extracted from the cell wall of the pathogen and its chemical and physical properties determined on the basis of biochemical tests and visible and infrared spectra. The physical and chemical characteristics of V inaequalis melanin were similar to the those of synthetic dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin. Precursors of the four known melanin biosynthetic pathways were tested for their ability to restore the pigmentation of an albino strain of V inaequalis. Scytalone, an intermediate of the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) pathway, was the only precursor to restore the dark-brown pigmentation. Tricyclazole and pyroquilon, two antipenetrant fungicides, specific inhibitors of DHN melanin synthesis in Pyricularia oryzae, were used to confirm the melanin pathway in V. inaequalis wild type. A reddish-brown pigment was obtained due to the accumulation of shunt products of the DHN melanin pathway instead of a dark-brown pigment, suggesting that the melanin extracted from V inaequalis was a DHN melanin. Furthermore, growth of an albino mutant of V. inaequalis on scytalone-amended medium resulted in the formation of dark granules similar to those seen in wild-type isolates. Transmission electron microscopic observations of M. ochracea grown in the presence of melanin showed that the granules accumulated gradually along fungal cell walls to form a uniform dark coating. 相似文献
20.
Chong Wei Jin Shao Ting Du Yong Song Zhang Xian Yong Lin Cai Xian Tang 《Annals of botany》2009,104(1):9-17