A型流感病毒感染雪貂造模的研究进展

A型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)感染人和动物,严重威胁公共卫生安全。动物模型在IAV研究中发挥着重要作用,不同的动物模型具有不同的优点和限制性。本文比较了雪貂与小鼠、豚鼠和非人灵长类动物模型的优点和限制性,突出说明雪貂在IAV研究中的重要性,并就雪貂在IAV致病性、传播和疫苗研发中的研究进展做了总结,以期为IAV的基础和应用研究提供参考。     

B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88反向遗传操作平台的搭建及BALB/c小鼠感染模型的建立

目的利用基因工程技术全基因合成B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88的8个基因节段,并利用反向遗传技术从体外拯救B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88,同时建立BALB/c小鼠感染模型,为下一步研究B型流感病毒致病机制、传播机制以及开发新型疫苗奠定基础。方法通过基因合成和反向遗传技术体外拯救B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88。全基因组测序验证拯救病毒基因组序列与Genbank序列的一致性。将拯救病毒以105EID50的攻毒剂量人工感染BALB/c小鼠,通过体重变化、生存率、肺脏病毒复制等方面进行致病性分析,建立小鼠感染模型。结果成功从体外拯救出B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88,命名为B-S9。全基因组测序结果表明,B-S9基因组序列与Genbank公布序列一致。B-S9能够人工感染BALB/c小鼠,但不致死,对BALB/c小鼠呈现低致病性;攻毒后第3天,B-S9感染小鼠体重出现下降,攻毒后第8天,小鼠体重开始回升;攻毒后第3天和第6天,B-S9感染小鼠的肺脏内均能检测到病毒复制,且攻毒后第3天的小鼠肺脏病毒滴度比攻毒后第6天的小鼠肺脏滴度高132倍。结论成功搭建B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88反向遗传操作平台,并建立BALB/c小鼠感染模型。目前国内外对B型流感病毒的研究比较少,该反向遗传操作平台的建立为B型流感病毒致病机制和传播机制的研究奠定了基础,同时也为包括B型流感病毒减毒活疫苗在内的新型疫苗的研制开辟了新途径。     

NS1A在A型流感病毒感染中的作用

NS1A是A型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)的重要毒力因子,在IAV感染过程中具有多种调节活性,如促进病毒复制、调节感染细胞凋亡和下调宿主抗病毒免疫.深入理解NSlA在病毒感染中的作用有助于揭示IAV感染的致病机理和发现抗IAV药物的靶标.     

NS1A在A型流感病毒感染中的作用

NS1A是A型流感病毒（influenza A virus,IAV）的重要毒力因子,在IAV感染过程中具有多种调节活性,如促进病毒复制、调节感染细胞凋亡和下调宿主抗病毒免疫。深入理解NS1A在病毒感染中的作用有助于揭示IAV感染的致病机理和发现抗IAV药物的靶标。     

流感病毒感染诱导T细胞免疫应答的研究进展

A型流感病毒(Influenza A virus,IAV)属正粘病毒科流感病毒属,是造成人畜呼吸道感染的重要病原微生物。随着研究的不断深入,国内外不断发现肺脏效应CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞和调节性T细胞利用多重效应和调节机制控制IAV感染。本文通过查阅流感病毒介导T细胞免疫反应的有关文献,主要对IAV逃逸T细胞免疫的策略、宿主感染IAV过程中T细胞亚群和固有免疫样T细胞产生的免疫反应等方面展开综述,为国内相关领域的研究提供理论依据。     

甲型流感病毒X31(H3N2)小鼠适应后毒力增强与HA及PB2突变相关

流感小鼠适应毒株及感染模型是研究流感病毒致病机理、评价抗流感病毒药物和疫苗效果的重要工具。为建立甲型流感病毒X31(H3N2)的鼠肺适应毒株,并探讨其在小鼠适应过程中毒力增强的分子机制,本研究将X31在BALB/c小鼠肺组织中连续传代,通过观察病毒滴度测定、感染小鼠症状变化、体重改变和致死力等指标,发现X31经过鼠肺连续传代10次以后,病毒毒力逐渐增强,与原代病毒相比,鼠肺中病毒滴度提高10倍,半数致死量(50%lethal dose,LD_(50))提高大于1 000倍。确定获得高致病力的鼠肺适应毒株(Mouse adapted X31,X31_(MA));对X31_(MA)毒株全基因组测序发现,血凝素(Hemagglutinin,HA)基因出现3个有义突变(P221H、V309I、K411T),聚合酶碱性蛋白2(Basic protein 2,PB2)基因出现1个有义突变(M483T)。结果表明,通过在小鼠肺组织中连续传代X31(H3N2)致病力增强,其HA和PB2蛋白中四个适应性突变位点可能与流感病毒X31_(MA)毒力增加相关。本研究为流感疫苗评价及致病机制研究提供了重要技术支持。     

甲型流感病毒非结构蛋白NS1功能研究进展

甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)是每年季节性流感的主要病原体,也是全球儿童急性呼吸道感染的重要病毒性病原。非结构蛋白1(nonstructural protein 1,NS1)是由病毒基因组编码的蛋白,表达于被感染的细胞中,但不存在于病毒颗粒中。近年来,大量研究表明NS1是IAV的重要毒力因素,通过NS1-RNA之间、NS1-蛋白之间的相互作用,在拮抗宿主抗病毒反应、抑制宿主细胞凋亡、调节宿主及自身基因表达等多方面发挥作用。深入研究NS1与宿主细胞的相互作用,不仅可加深对IAV致病机制的理解,还可为预防和控制IAV的传播甚至暴发奠定理论基础,在新型抗病毒药物及疫苗研制中有着重要的应用价值。     

流感病毒感染动物疾病模型的研究进展

流感主要是指由甲型流感病毒（Influenza A virus, IAV）感染引起的急性呼吸道疾病。构建差异化的感染动物模型模拟IAV的感染、发病及传播过程不仅有助于揭示流感病毒的传播机制与致病机理,而且对流感大流行的预警和防治有着重要意义。本文基于IAV跨种间传播的差异机制从不同动物模型呼吸道唾液酸受体亚型分布的表型差异及其对人流感病毒的易感性等多方面综述了流感病毒感染动物模型的优缺点及其最新研究进展,以期为IAV致病机制研究,疫苗药物的研发提供理论参考。     

B型流感病毒NS1蛋白羧基端缺失对病毒致病性的影响分析

本研究利用基因工程技术探索B型流感病毒NS1蛋白羧基端缺失对病毒致病性的影响,并利用反向遗传学技术从体外拯救NS1蛋白羧基端缺失的B型流感病毒,评估去除NS1蛋白羧基端对B型流感病毒致病性的影响,探究B型流感病毒致病性变异的分子基础。通过全基因合成和反向遗传学技术从体外拯救NS1蛋白羧基端发生171个氨基酸缺失的B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88株,命名为B-L5。将实验室之前拯救的母本株B/Yamagata/16/88(以下简称B-S9)和B-L5以3×105 EID5 0的攻毒剂量分别人工感染BALB/c小鼠,通过体重变化、生存率、肺脏病毒滴度等方面进行致病性分析。成功构建了B型流感病毒B/Yamagata/16/88NS1蛋白羧基端缺失株反向遗传平台。母本株B-S9和NS1蛋白羧基端缺失株B-L5均能够人工感染BALB/c小鼠,但不致死,对BALB/c小鼠均呈现低致病性;B-S9感染小鼠后,从攻毒后第3d至第7d,体重持续下降,相反,B-L5感染小鼠后,只在攻毒后第2d出现体重下降,攻毒后第3d体重开始回升;B-S9和B-L5感染小鼠后均能在小鼠肺部进行复制,但攻毒后第3d,B-L5感染小鼠肺脏滴度要比B-S9低7 900倍,攻毒后第6d,B-L5感染小鼠肺脏已检测不到病毒复制。实验结果表明,NS1蛋白羧基端缺失可以明显降低B型流感病毒对小鼠的致病性。B型流感病毒致病性变异的分子基础还有待继续研究,该反向遗传操作系统的建立为B型流感病毒分子机制的研究奠定了基础,同时也为B型流感减毒活疫苗的研究开辟了新途径。     

A型流感病毒通过激活HIF-1α/iNOS/VEGF信号通路诱导肺上皮细胞铁死亡的机制

【背景】已发现A型流感病毒（influenza A virus,IAV）可激活多种程序性细胞死亡途径,这些途径在宿主细胞防御系统中起着重要作用。铁死亡是一种新型的非凋亡细胞死亡,主要由铁依赖性脂质过氧化介导。【目的】探讨HIF-1α/iNOS/VEGF信号通路在IAV感染诱导的细胞铁死亡中的作用机制。【方法】使用IAV感染小鼠肺上皮细胞（MLE-12）构建细胞损伤模型后检测细胞病毒滴度和炎性因子分泌;使用荧光探针法和比色法检测细胞活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、总铁离子和亚铁离子;透射电镜观察细胞超微结构;检测细胞铁死亡标志物mRNA和蛋白表达;生物信息学预测流感病毒诱导铁死亡潜在作用机制;激光共聚焦观察IAV对细胞缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）表达影响,并检测其信号通路相关元件mRNA和蛋白表达;构建HIF-1α敲低模型,探讨HIF-1α/iNOS/VEGF信号通路在IAV诱导细胞铁死亡中的作用。【结果】铁死亡抑制剂能降低IAV感染细胞的病毒载量和炎性因子的分泌,并能抑制细胞ROS、总铁离子和亚铁离子含量,促进细胞SOD活性,修复细胞线粒体损伤,逆转铁死亡标志物mRNA和蛋白表达;生物信息学预测发现HIF-1α/iNOS/VEGF信号通路在IAV诱导的铁死亡中具有重要的相关性;试验验证IAV感染能促进细胞HIF-1α的激活和易位入核,并激活HIF-1α、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）的mRNA和蛋白表达。【结论】IAV感染可以诱导细胞发生铁死亡,其作用机制可能是通过激活HIF-1α/iNOS/VEGF信号通路发挥作用。     

Evaluation of Francisella tularensis ΔpdpC as a candidate live attenuated vaccine against respiratory challenge by a virulent SCHU P9 strain of Francisella tularensis in a C57BL/6J mouse model

Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, is an intracellular gram‐negative bacterium. F. tularensis has received significant attention in recent decades because of its history as a biological weapon. Thus, development of novel vaccines against tularemia has been an important goal. The attenuated F. tularensis strain ΔpdpC, in which the pathogenicity determinant protein C gene (pdpC) has been disrupted by TargeTron mutagenesis, was investigated as a potential vaccine candidate for tularemia in the present study. C57BL/6J mice immunized s.c. with 1 × 10⁶ CFUs of ΔpdpC were challenged intranasally with 100× the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of a virulent SCHU P9 strain 21 days post immunization. Protection against this challenge was achieved in 38% of immunized C57BL/6J mice administered 100 LD₅₀ of this strain. Conversely, all unimmunized mice succumbed to death 6 days post challenge. Survival rates were significantly higher in vaccinated than in unimmunized mice. In addition, ΔpdpC was passaged serially in mice to confirm its stable attenuation. Low bacterial loads persisted in mouse spleens during the first to tenth passages. No statistically significant changes in the number of CFUs were observed during in vivo passage of ΔpdpC. The inserted intron sequences for disrupting pdpC were completely maintained even after the tenth passage in mice. Considering the stable attenuation and intron sequences, it is suggested that ΔpdpC is a promising tularemia vaccine candidate.     

Asporogenic recombinant producer of anthrax protective antigen

An asporogenic recombinant strain Bacillus anthracis 55ΔTPA-1(Spo⁻) producing anthrax protective antigen (PA) was obtained. The strain contains structural gene pag as a part of a hybrid replicon pUB110PA-1 and lacks determinants encoding the synthesis of main factors of anthrax pathogenicity. The level of PA production by asporogenic genetically engineered strain is approximately 80 μg/ml that is 4–5 times more than the values determined for vaccine strains B. anthracis STI-1 and B. anthracis 55. The strain preserves asporogenicity and ability to replicate the hybrid plasmid after in vitro passages. Biologically active PA was isolated from the constructed strain B. anthracis 55ΔTPA-1(Spo⁻). Double immunization of rabbits with 50 μg of the purified recombinant product provides their 100% protection from infection with 50 LD₅₀ of a highly virulent anthrax strain.     

Binding of avian coronavirus spike proteins to host factors reflects virus tropism and pathogenicity

The binding of viruses to host cells is the first step in determining tropism and pathogenicity. While avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) infection and avian influenza A virus (IAV) infection both depend on α2,3-linked sialic acids, the host tropism of IBV is restricted compared to that of IAV. Here we investigated whether the interaction between the viral attachment proteins and the host could explain these differences by using recombinant spike domains (S1) of IBV strains with different pathogenicities, as well as the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of IAV H5N1. Protein histochemistry showed that S1 of IBV strain M41 and HA of IAV subtype H5N1 displayed sialic acid-dependent binding to chicken respiratory tract tissue. However, while HA bound with high avidity to a broad range of α2,3-linked sialylated glycans, M41 S1 recognized only one particular α2,3-linked disialoside in a glycan array. When comparing the binding of recombinant IBV S1 proteins derived from IBV strains with known differences in tissue tropism and pathogenicity, we observed that while M41 S1 displayed binding to cilia and goblet cells of the chicken respiratory tract, S1 derived from the vaccine strain H120 or the nonvirulent Beaudette strain had reduced or no binding to chicken tissues, respectively, in agreement with the reduced abilities of these viruses to replicate in vivo. While the S1 protein derived from the nephropathogenic IBV strain B1648 also hardly displayed binding to respiratory tract cells, distinct binding to kidney cells was observed, but only after the removal of sialic acid from S1. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the attachment patterns of the IBV S proteins correlate with the tropisms and pathogenicities of the corresponding viruses.     

Replication-Competent Influenza A and B Viruses Expressing a Fluorescent Dynamic Timer Protein for In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively) cause annual seasonal human respiratory disease epidemics. In addition, IAVs have been implicated in occasional pandemics with inordinate health and economic consequences. Studying influenza viruses in vitro or in vivo requires the use of laborious secondary methodologies to identify infected cells. To circumvent this requirement, replication-competent infectious influenza viruses expressing an easily traceable fluorescent reporter protein can be used. Timer is a fluorescent protein that undergoes a time-dependent color emission conversion from green to red. The rate of spectral change is independent of Timer protein concentration and can be used to chronologically measure the duration of its expression. Here, we describe the generation of replication-competent IAV and IBV where the viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) was fused to the fluorescent dynamic Timer protein. Timer-expressing IAV and IBV displayed similar plaque phenotypes and growth kinetics to wild-type viruses in tissue culture. Within infected cells, Timer’s spectral shift can be used to measure the rate and cell-to-cell spread of infection using fluorescent microscopy, plate readers, or flow cytometry. The progression of Timer-expressing IAV infection was also evaluated in a mouse model, demonstrating the feasibility to characterize IAV cell-to-cell infections in vivo. By providing the ability to chronologically track viral spread, Timer-expressing influenza viruses are an excellent option to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo dynamics of viral infection.     

Development and characterization of a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus expressing the ectodomain region of S1 gene of H120 strain

Infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a highly contagious chicken disease, and can lead to serious economic losses in poultry enterprises. The continual introduction of new IBV serotypes requires alternative strategies for the production of timely and safe vaccines against the emergence of variants. Modification of the IBV genome using reverse genetics is one way to generate recombinant IBVs as the candidates of new IBV vaccines. In this study, the recombinant IBV is developed by replacing the ectodomain region of the S1 gene of the IBV Beaudette strain with the corresponding fragment from H120 strain, designated as rBeau-H120(S1e). In Vero cells, the virus proliferates as its parental virus and can cause syncytium formation. The peak titer would reach 10^5.9 50 % (median) tissue culture infective dose/mL at 24 h post-infection. After inoculation of chickens with the recombinant virus, it demonstrated that rBeau-H120(S1e) remained nonpathogenic and was restricted in its replication in vivo. Protection studies showed that vaccination with rBeau-H120 (S1e) at 7-day after hatch provided 80 % rate of immune protection against challenge with 10³ 50 % embryos infection dose of the virulent IBV M41 strain. These results indicate that rBeau-H120 (S1e) has the potential to be an alternative vaccine against IBV based on excellent propagation property and immunogenicity. This finding might help in providing further information that replacement of the ectodomain fragment of the IBV Beaudette S1 gene with that from a present field strain is promising for IBV vaccine development.     

HLA-A*11:01-restricted CD8+ T cell immunity against influenza A and influenza B viruses in Indigenous and non-Indigenous people

HLA-A*11:01 is one of the most prevalent human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), especially in East Asian and Oceanian populations. It is also highly expressed in Indigenous people who are at high risk of severe influenza disease. As CD8⁺ T cells can provide broadly cross-reactive immunity to distinct influenza strains and subtypes, including influenza A, B and C viruses, understanding CD8⁺ T cell immunity to influenza viruses across prominent HLA types is needed to rationally design a universal influenza vaccine and generate protective immunity especially for high-risk populations. As only a handful of HLA-A*11:01-restricted CD8⁺ T cell epitopes have been described for influenza A viruses (IAVs) and epitopes for influenza B viruses (IBVs) were still unknown, we embarked on an epitope discovery study to define a CD8⁺ T cell landscape for HLA-A*11:01-expressing Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian people. Using mass-spectrometry, we identified IAV- and IBV-derived peptides presented by HLA-A*11:01 during infection. 79 IAV and 57 IBV peptides were subsequently screened for immunogenicity in vitro with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA-A*11:01-expressing Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian donors. CD8⁺ T cell immunogenicity screening revealed two immunogenic IAV epitopes (A11/PB2_320-331 and A11/PB2_323-331) and the first HLA-A*11:01-restricted IBV epitopes (A11/M_41-49, A11/NS1_186-195 and A11/NP_511-520). The immunogenic IAV- and IBV-derived peptides were >90% conserved among their respective influenza viruses. Identification of novel immunogenic HLA-A*11:01-restricted CD8⁺ T cell epitopes has implications for understanding how CD8⁺ T cell immunity is generated towards IAVs and IBVs. These findings can inform the development of rationally designed, broadly cross-reactive influenza vaccines to ensure protection from severe influenza disease in HLA-A*11:01-expressing individuals.     

Effect of Some Variables on theIn VivoDetermination of Scorpion and Viper Venom Toxicities

An adequate assessment of scorpion and snake venom LD₅₀is an important step for accurate evaluation of antivenom sera potencies and the optimization of serotherapy. The LD₅₀variation of Tunisian scorpion (Androctonus australis garzonii: Aag andButhus occitanus tunetanus: Bot) venoms with body weight, sex and strain (Swiss or C57Bl/6) of mice used, the route of venom injection, the venom-milking procedures (manually or electrically) and the venom batches have been studied over a 7-year period (1990–1996). Aag venom is 3–4 times more toxic than Bot venom. However for both venoms, the LD₅₀determined in C57Bl/6 mice, in small body weight animal or by intraperitoneal route were respectively significantly lower than those determined in Swiss mice, in high body weight or by subcutaneous route. Significant LD₅₀variations (25–50%) were also seen from one electrically prepared batch to another. A good correlation (r=0·982) was observed between the concentrations of the crude venom toxic fraction determined by ELISA and LD₅₀values when assessedin vivo.The LD₅₀variation of Tunisian viper (Cerastes cerastes: Cc andVipera lebetina: VI) venoms with the strain (Swiss or BALB/c), sex and body weight of mice used, the season and the year of venom milking were also investigated over a 3-year period (1990–1992). No significant LD₅₀variations were observed with the mouse strain, the sex or the season of venom milking. However, LD₅₀varies significantly with the year of the venom collection and the body weight of mice used. Furthermore, SDS–PAGE analysis shows annual variation for VI venom composition where no such variations were observed for Cc venom. These results stress the need either for the standardization of the venom LD₅₀evaluation or the venom quality used for the development of an efficient antivenom.     

Informative value of a mouse model ofKlebsiella pneumoniae infection used as a host-resistance assay

To obtain a host-resistance assay (HRA) for quantitative evaluation of immunostimulatory effects of various substances, an experimental model ofK. pneumoniae inhalatory infection was elaborated. The highly virulent bacterial strain (inhalation LD₅₀=400 CFU), appliedvia the natural route into the respiratory tract elicits an acute infectious process possessing characteristic dynamics. Although the intensity of clearance in the bronchoalveolar lavage after challenge or the mean survival time can be used in individual cases for quantitative resistance determination, the inhalation LD₅₀ values yielded the most standard results. Systemic immunization with the corpuscularK. pneumoniae vaccine provided a high protection expressed by increasing the inhalation LD₅₀ by two orders of magnitude. The antibodies formed, detectable by the ELISA test, are specific for capsular polysaccharide. The type-specific immunity was also found in the protection test. The nonspecific stimulatory effect of the peptidopolysaccharide complex isolated fromListeria monocytogenes (EiF) was manifested at the level of one LD₅₀ only while with higher infectious doses it was absent. However, the adjuvant activity of EiF was significant. The HRA can distinguish and quantitatively determine both nonspecific and specific stimulatory effects of immunomodulatory substances. Translated by I. Miler     

Anti-influenza A virus effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract

To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract (HPE) on influenza A virus (IAV) (H₁N₁) in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect (CPE) and neutral red (NR) dye uptake were used to examine the antiviral effect of HPE on Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells which were infected with IAV in vitro. HPE was effective against influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro, with a 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 40 μg/mL. The mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) in the MDCK used in these experiments was 1.5 mg/mL. Ribavirin was run in parallel with EC₅₀ values of 5.0 μg/mL; the mean CC₅₀ for ribavirin was 520 μg/mL. Oral gavage administrations of HPE or ribavirin to mice infected with the IAV were highly effective in preventing death, slowing the decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibiting lung consolidation and reducing lung virus titers. The minimum effective dose of HPE in these studies was 31.25 mg/kg/day, which was administered twice daily for 5 d beginning 4 h prior to virus exposure. Below a dosage of 2000 mg/kg/day, almost all treated mice survived, which suggests that HPE is of low toxicity. Ribavirin’s minimum effective dose was 40 mg/kg/day with the LD50 determined to be 200 mg/kg/day. Delay of the initiation of either HPE or ribavirin therapy, using approximately 1/3 LD₅₀ dose each time, could still be protective as late as 48 h after exposure to the IAV. While both agents appeared to have similar efficacy against IAV infections, HPE was considered to be less toxic and may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza. Foundation items: One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (2008-287); The Project of Basic Scientific Research Fund for Central Public-Welfare of Institute of Sciences (BRF070402).     

肌醇、唾液酸及岩藻糖代谢途径对嗜水气单胞菌致病性的影响

【目的】调查肌醇、唾液酸以及岩藻糖代谢途径在嗜水气单胞菌感染宿主过程中对细菌致病性的影响。【方法】采用同源重组技术分别缺失嗜水气单胞菌NJ-35株的肌醇代谢相关基因iolC、唾液酸代谢相关基因nanA和岩藻糖代谢相关基因fucK,测定各缺失株对斑马鱼的半数致死量(LD_(50));将野生株与缺失株共感染鲫鱼,统计野生株和缺失株在不同组织中的细菌载量。【结果】各代谢相关基因的缺失均成功阻断了菌株对相应底物的降解能力。iolC的缺失导致菌株对斑马鱼的LD50升高近12倍,而nanA和fucK的缺失对LD50没有明显影响。野生株与iolC缺失株共感染鲫鱼,肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中野生株的载量显著高于缺失株,表现出明显的生长优势;nanA和fucK缺失株与野生株共感染鲫鱼,野生株和缺失株载量在各组织中均无明显差异。【结论】肌醇代谢途径在嗜水气单胞菌感染致病过程中发挥重要作用,而唾液酸和岩藻糖代谢途径对细菌无明显影响。