见于贵州的三种Miltenberger血型糖蛋白

对贵州省荔波县间日疟高发区检出的 3种类型血型糖蛋白 (GP)变种 1 9例 ,现每类型各选 1个家系分析其基因结构异常 .以先证者及家系成员的红细胞制备溶血液 ,从其白细胞核沉淀物提取基因组 DNA,再进行免疫印迹及限制性核酸内切酶图谱分析 ,确证它们分别属于 Mi GP(δN-α-δs) ,Mi V(J.L .) GP(αM-δS)和 Mi GP(δN- α- δs) ,均为 GPA和 GPB的基因杂化体 .前两类 GP变种为国内首次报道     

马铃薯α-淀粉酶基因的克隆及生物信息学分析(英文)

本研究利用RT-PCR从马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)茎段总RNA中扩增、克隆了一cDNA分子。该cDNA分子含有一长为1224bp的开放读框,可编码一含407个氨基酸残基的多肽、理论分子量为46.40kD、可能为亲水性的胞外酶。因其氨基酸序列同源于α-淀粉酶,故将该基因命名为amyA1(NCBI收录号:GQ406048.1)。采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测了amyA1基因在马铃薯茎、叶等不同组织中的表达强度,表明在茎组织中的表达丰度略高。利用生物信息学软件分析了amyA1密码子的偏好性,以期为选择适宜的表达系统提供依据;同时对amyA1的理化性质、细胞内定位、保守结构及高级结构进行了预测。基于NCBI数据库中有物种代表性的29种α-淀粉酶基因序列构建了基因进化树。与NCBI收录的马铃薯α-淀粉酶基因(NCBI收录号:M79328.1)的核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性达98%。第20至第348范围内的氨基酸残基含有与淀粉酶13家族及亚家族相似的催化活性域(PF00128、SM00624),第349至第407范围内的氨基酸残基含有α-淀粉酶C-末端β折叠区域(PF07821)。蛋白质结构预测表明氨基酸残基序列有维持淀粉酶活性的(β/α)8桶状结构以及其它几个功能域结构。所构建的基因进化树表明,2个马铃薯α-淀粉酶基因与木薯、苹果的序列同源性较高,与菜豆的次之,与水稻、大麦和玉米等单子叶植物的序列同源性较低。     

大熊猫犬瘟热病毒附着或血凝蛋白基因的序列分析

首次对犬瘟热病毒(CDV)大熊猫(GP)毒株附着或血凝蛋白(H)基因进行了序列测定并与疫苗株Onderstepoort进行了比较.我们设计合成了4对引物,对GP株进行了RT-PCR扩增与测序.H蛋白基因全长为1 946 bp,开放阅读框架(ORF)始于21-23位的ATG,终止于1 842-1 844位的TGA,编码607个氨基酸,该基因序列已被GenBank收录.将GP毒株与GenBank中疫苗弱毒株Onderstepoort进行比较,二者核苷酸序列的同源性为91.4%,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为90.2%,GP和Onderstepoort株H蛋白的半胱氨酸残基数目均为12个且相对位置不变;疏水性有一定的变化,但推测的穿膜区位置(约35-55位氨基酸)是一致的;Onderstepoort株的H蛋白潜在的N-联糖基化位点为4个,GP株H蛋白为9个,糖基化位点的不同可能对GP株H蛋白的抗原性产生影响.     

大肠杆菌青霉素G酰化酶基因及其邻近区域的核苷酸全序列

我们由E.coli AS1.76克隆了青霉素G酰化酶的基因,并且测定了其全部核苷酸序列。青霉素G酰化酶结构基因是由下述功能片段组成的:(1)编码信号肽(26个氨基酸残基)的78个碱基对;(2)编码α-亚基(209个氨基酸残基)的627个碱基对;(3)编码间隔肽(54个氨基酸残基)的162个碱基对;(4)编码β亚基(557个氨基酸残基)的1671个碱基对。此外,我们还发现起始密码子(ATG)前有个核糖体结合位点和启动子序列以及在终止密码子(TAA)之后有个转录终止信号。与最近发表的青霉素G酰化酶基因的DNA序列比较,同源性达99.7%。     

我国猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NT0901分离株分子特征

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是目前引起国内外养猪业严重经济损失的重要病原之一,病毒基因和毒力变异较大。PRRSV NT0801株分离自我国发病猪群,毒力较强,但NSP2基因不存在高致病性PRRSV 30个氨基酸的缺失。为了进一步阐明该分离株的分子特征,本研究对该毒株全基因序列进行了测定和分析,结果该毒株基因组全长15 439 bp,其中包含29 nt Poly(A)。与高致病性PRRSV毒株JXA1比较,核酸序列同源性为96.7%,推导的GP3和GP5氨基酸序列同源性分别为97.2%和98.5%,但NSP2基因无30个氨基酸的缺失;与传统型毒株ch-1a比较,推导的GP3和GP5氨基酸序列同源性分别为92.9%和91.5%;基因进化树分析结果显示其介于高致病性和传统PRRSV毒株之间。与其它不同毒力PRRSV分离株基因序列比较,未发现明显重组信号。不同毒力毒株氨基酸残基比对分析结果显示,15个位点潜在毒力相关氨基酸残基中,该毒株有9个与高致病性PRRSV毒株一致,3个与高致病性PRRSV毒株不同,但与传统型和JXA1疫苗株相同,1个位点只与JXA1疫苗株相同,2个与其它毒株都不相同。表明该分离株与高致病性PRRSV密切相关,PRRSV流行毒株变异与基因突变有关,从而为该病毒毒力基因定位研究奠定了基础。     

我国四株狂犬病毒糖蛋白基因序列分析和位点比较

测定我国人用狂犬疫苗株(aG)、减毒株(CTN-181)及两株街毒 糖蛋白(GP)基因cDNA的核苷酸序列及推导氨基酸序列。结果两株街毒仅相差两个碱基和一个氨基酸残基;两株街毒与CTN的同源性(85.9%)高于aG株(81.9%);聚类分析将街毒和固定毒分为两支。比较GP嗜神经位点的氨基酸序列与蛇神经毒素同AChR结合部位高度同源。被认为决定毒力的333位Arg,CTN发生了Q替换,其它毒株均为Arg333。所比较的毒株均存在319位糖基化位点,此外37位糖基化位点也相对保守;GP两个主要抗原表位,GⅡ的氨基酸构成完全一致,GⅢ只在一些减毒株中发生与毒力密切相关碱基的替换。     

我国四株狂犬病毒糖蛋白基因序列分析和位点比较

测定我国人用狂犬疫苗株 (aG)、减毒株 (CTN 181)及两株街毒糖蛋白 (GP)基因cDNA的核苷酸序列及推导氨基酸序列。结果两株街毒仅相差两个碱基和一个氨基酸残基 ;两株街毒与CTN的同源性 (85.9% )高于aG株 (81.9% ) ;聚类分析将街毒和固定毒分为两支。比较GP嗜神经位点的氨基酸序列与蛇神经毒素同AChR结合部位高度同源。被认为决定毒力的 333位Arg ,CTN发生了Q替换 ,其它毒株均为Arg333。所比较的毒株均存在 319位糖基化位点 ,此外 37位糖基化位点也相对保守 ;GP两个主要抗原表位 ,GⅡ的氨基酸构成完全一致 ,GⅢ只在一些减毒株中发生与毒力密切相关碱基的替换。     

地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的克隆和及其启动子功能鉴定

根据已知α-淀粉酶编码基因保守区核苷酸序列,通过PCR和反向PCR技术克隆出Bacillus licheniformisCICIM B0204α-淀粉酶编码基因amyL全长序列及其上下游序列。B.licheniformisCICIM B0204amyL由1539bp组成,其上游180bp为启动子序列,下游160bp为终止子序列;成熟肽由512个氨基酸残基组成,氨基端的29个氨基酸残基为α-淀粉酶的信号肽。通过基因及其氨基酸序列比对发现,amyL及其编码产物与芽孢杆菌来源的α-淀粉酶具有高度相似性。将amyL的结构基因在PT7介导下于大肠杆菌中诱导表达,获得具有α-淀粉酶活性的表达产物。将amyL的启动子序列和信号肽序列与B.licheniformisCICIM B2004的β-甘露聚糖酶结构基因进行读框内重组,在大肠杆菌中获得了β-甘露聚糖酶的分泌表达,重组大肠杆菌表达295U/mL的β-甘露聚糖酶酶活。     

大鼠脑组织Nav1.5钠通道的基因克隆及分布分析

为了阐明大鼠脑组织Nav1.5钠通道α亚单位的编码基因、分子特性及其在不同发育阶段各脑叶的分布差异,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,对大鼠脑组织Nav1.5钠通道α亚单位进行了克隆(命名为rN1),并比较其在不同发育阶段各脑叶的分布情况.rN1基因编码2016个氨基酸残基,序列分析显示,其与rH1氨基酸相似性为96.53%,与hNbR1相似性为96.13%.在DI-S3～S4发现与rH1不同的一个新的外显子(第7外显子),同时发现DⅡ～Ⅲ选择性剪切了第20外显子(53个氨基酸残基)的异构体(命名为rN1-2).分布结果显示,大鼠脑组织Nav1.5钠通道α亚单位在不同发育阶段各脑叶分布有明显的差异,研究证实,Nav1.5钠通道在大鼠脑组织显著表达,存在脑叶的分布差异,而且随着脑组织的发育,其表达逐渐趋于稳定,实验证实Nav1.5钠通道基因编码了一个新的外显子而且其表达范围更加广泛.     

决明查尔酮合成酶基因的克隆及序列分析

以决明(Cassia tora)为实验材料,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术,从决明嫩叶中克隆出查尔酮合成酶(Chal-one synthase,CHS)基因,其cDNA全长为1 459 bp,编码一个由390个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.氨基酸序列分析表明,决明CHS基因的氨基酸序列中含有44.61%的中性疏水氨基酸,29.74%的中性亲水氨基酸,12.56%的酸性氨基酸和13.O8%的碱性氨基酸.决明CHS基因的氨基酸序列中具有CHS家族酶系的氨基酸保守残基,包括结合底物CoA的结合残基及催化聚酮合成的催化残基,表明其可能参与聚酮化合物的合成.决明与其它植物CHS的氨基酸序列的进化分析表明,其与同为豆科决明属的翼叶决明(Cassia alata)的同源性较近,并且CHS家族可以分为CHS亚家族与非CHS亚家族.将得到的序列提交GenBank,登录号为EU430077.     

见于我国人群的一例MiⅢ血型糖蛋白

在我国人群中筛查出一例血型糖蛋白（ＧＰ）变种。先证者为海南省黎族男青年。家系调查表明，先证者及其父属纯合子，母亲为杂合子。通过免疫印迹与限制性内切酶图谱分析，确证它为见于我国的首例ＭｉＩＩＩＧＰ；属（δ－α－δ）基因杂化体。     

XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 44 case–control studies

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 gene (XRCC1) has been implicated in risk for lung cancer. However, the results from different studies remain controversial. In this meta-analysis, we have assessed 44 published case-control studies regarding associations of lung cancer risk with three common polymorphisms, codon 194, codon 280 and codon 399, and -77 T?>?C in the promoter region of XRCC1. The results in total population showed that the risk for lung cancer was increased among the variant homozygote Trp/Trp of codon 194 polymorphism, compared with the wild type Arg/Arg (OR: 1.19; 95?% CI 1.01-1.39), and the variant genotype CC of -77 T?>?C polymorphism showed a significantly increased risk of developing lung cancer, compared to wild-type genotype TT (OR: 1.91; 95?% CI 1.24-2.94). However, no associations were found between lung cancer risk and codon 280, codon 399. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, the OR for the variant homozygote Trp/Trp of codon 194 was 1.21(95?% CI 1.02-1.43) for Asian. When stratified by source of control, we found a protective effect of codon 194 Arg/Trp genotype (OR: 0.87; 95?% CI 0.77-0.98) and risk effect of codon 399 combined Arg/Gln?+?Gln/Gln variant genotype (OR: 1.09; 95?% CI 1.01-1.18) for lung cancer on the basis of hospital control. Subgroup analyses by histological types of lung cancer indicated that the heterozygote Arg/Trp in codon 194 could decrease and the combined variant genotype Arg/Gln?+?Gln/Gln in codon 399 could increase the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (OR: 0.69; 95?% CI 0.57-0.85 and OR: 1.14; 95?% CI 1.04-1.24). In conclusion, this meta-analysis has demonstrated that codon 194, codon 399 and -77 T?>?C polymorphisms of XRCC1 gene might have contributed to individual susceptibility to lung cancer. To further evaluate effect of XRCC1 polymorphisms, gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction on lung cancer risk, a single large sample size study with thousands of subjects is required to get conclusive results.     

大熊猫犬瘟热病毒附着或血凝蛋白基因的序列分析

首次对犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）大熊猫（ＧＰ）毒株附着或血凝蛋白（Ｈ）基因进行了序列测定并与疫苗株Ｏｎｄｅｒｓｔｅｐｏｏｒｔ进行了比较。我们设计合成了４对引物,对ＧＰ株进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增与测序。Ｈ蛋白基因全长为１９４６ｂｐ,开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦ）始于２１－２３位的ＡＴＧ,终止于１８４２－１８４４位的ＴＧＡ,编码６０７个氨基酸,该基因序列已被ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ。将ＧＰ毒株与ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中疫苗弱毒株Ｏｎｄ     

Frequent DNA variant in exon 2a of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN): a further possibility for distinguishing the two copies of the gene

An intragenic single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) variant in exon 2a of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN) has been identified. The SSCP band shift is caused by a silent mutation (AGC→AGT) at codon 28, which is the first codon of exon 2a. Five exchanges of base pairs at the 3′-end of the gene have been described that allow the two copies of SMN (telSMN and cenSMN) to be distinguished, whereas no DNA variant has been found at the 5′-end. The new DNA variant belongs to cenSMN and may be important for the assignment of point mutations to one of the two copies of SMN in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. The frequency of this variant is lower in SMA patients (10%) than in controls (24%). Received: 26 January 1996 / Revised: 23 February 1996     

Single base mutation in alpha 5(IV) collagen chain gene converting a conserved cysteine to serine in Alport syndrome.

We have identified a point mutation in the type IV collagen alpha 5 chain gene (COL4A5) in Alport syndrome. Variant PstI (Barker et al., 1990, Science 248, 1224-1227), and BglII restriction sites with complete linkage with the Alport phenotype have been found in the 3' end of the COL4A5 gene in the large Utah Kindred P. The approximate location of the variant sites was determined by restriction enzyme mapping, after which this region of the gene (1028 bp) was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA of normal and affected individuals for sequencing analysis. The PCR products showed the absence or presence of the variant PstI and BglII sites in DNA from normal and affected individuals, respectively. DNA sequencing revealed a single base change in exon 3 (from the 3' end) in DNA from affected individuals, changing the TGT codon of cysteine to the TCT codon for serine. This single base mutation also generated new restriction sites for PstI and BglII. The mutation involves a cysteine residue that has remained conserved in the carboxyl-end noncollagenous domain (NC domain) of all known type IV collagen alpha chains from Drosophila to man. It is presumably crucial for maintaining the right conformation of the NC domain, which is important for both triple-helix formation and the formation of intermolecular cross-links of type IV collagen molecules.     

Natural selection and population history in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT): 736 complete AGT sequences in chromosomes from around the world

Several lines of evidence suggest that patterns of genetic variability in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT) contribute to phenotypic variability in human hypertension. The A(-6) promoter variant of AGT is associated with higher plasma angiotensinogen levels and increased risk of essential hypertension. The geographic distribution of the A(-6) variant leads to the intriguing hypothesis that the G(-6) promoter variant has been selectively advantageous outside Africa. To test these hypotheses, we investigated the roles of population history and natural selection in shaping patterns of genetic diversity in AGT, by sequencing the entire AGT gene (14400 bp) in 736 chromosomes from Africa, Asia, and Europe. We found that the A(-6) variant is present at higher frequency in African populations than in non-African populations. Neutrality tests found no evidence of a departure from selective neutrality, when whole AGT sequences were compared. However, tests restricted to sites in the vicinity of the A(-6)G polymorphism found evidence of a selective sweep. Sliding-window analyses showed that evidence of the sweep is restricted to sites in tight linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the A(-6)G polymorphism. Further, haplotypes carrying the G(-6) variant showed elevated levels of LD, suggesting that they have risen recently to high frequency. Departures from neutral expectation in some but not all regions of AGT indicate that patterns of diversity in the gene cannot be accounted for solely by population history, which would affect all regions equally. Taken together, patterns of genetic diversity in AGT suggest that natural selection has generally favored the G(-6) variant over the A(-6) variant in non-African populations. However, important localized effects may also be present.     

Polymorphisms in GSTT1 and p53 and urinary transitional cell carcinoma in south-western Taiwan: a preliminary study.

Little is known about the relevance of genetic polymorphisms to arsenic-related bladder cancer. A preliminary case-control study was conducted to explore the association between genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1, p53 codon 72 and bladder cancer in southern Taiwan, a former high arsenic exposure area. Fifty-nine urinary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) patients from a referral centre in south-western Taiwan and 81 community controls matched on residence were recruited from 1996 to 1999. A questionnaire was administered to obtain arsenic exposure and general health information. Genotypes of p53 codon 72 and GSTT1 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymerase. The combined variant genotypes (heterozygous or homozygous variant) of p53 codon 72 and GSTT1 null were observed in 29% of cases and in 44% of controls, respectively. In this preliminary study, bladder cancer risk was slightly elevated for subjects carrying the variant genotype of p53 codon 72 or in subjects carrying the GSTT1 null genotype. Variants in p53 codon 72 increased the risk of bladder cancer among smokers. However, the results were not statistically significant and larger confirmatory studies are needed to clarify the role of candidate gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk in arsenic exposed populations.     

Nucleotide sequences of heat shock activated genes in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Sequences in the regions of the 5' and 3' ends of the hsp 70 gene in the hybrid plasmid 56H8.

We present the sequences at the 5' and 3' ends of one hsp 70 gene variant which is derived from the chromosomal locus 87A7. The 5' end of the hsp 70 mRNA has also been determined. 550 bp upstream from the 5' end of the hsp 70 mRNA, there is a very A+T rich region shown by heteroduplex analysis to be also present at the same position in other hsp 70 genes9. The 5' end of the hsp 70 mRNA was found 26 bp after a characteristic "Hogness box". The first ATG codon was found 250 bp downstream from the 5' end of the hsp 70 mRNA. We also determined the termination codon at the 3' end of the hsp 70 gene. Comparisons with other genes are discussed.     

A novel variety of the Dantu gene complex (DantuMD) detected in a Caucasian

The first Caucasian (MD) shown to exhibit the low-frequency MNSs system antigen, Dantu was detected due to an increased tendency of erythrocytes to be aggregated by substances that promote red cell agglutination. The donor was found to exhibit a novel variety of the Dantu gene complex (DantuMD), as judged from biochemical, immunochemical, and serological studies. The glycophorin (GP) A level of MD's erythrocyte membranes were slightly decreased (about 17%) but GP B was not significantly different from normal. GP A and GP B of MD's cells were shown to carry M and N or S and s antigens, respectively, indicating that MD exhibits two genes encoding GP A and two genes encoding GP B. MD's cells contain a Dantu-, N- and s-specific GP B-GP A hybrid GP (molar ratio to GP A approx. 0.6:1.0). Partial amino-acid sequence analysis indicates that the structure of this molecule is rather similar to, or completely identical with, that of the hybrid GP in DantuNE erythrocytes. The residues 1-39 or 40-99 of the latter molecule correspond to the residues 1-39 of s-specific GP B and the residues 72-131 of GP A, respectively. Statistical evidence suggests that MD exhibits a single gene encoding the hybrid GP. Thus, MD appears to be heterozygous for a typical anti-Lepore type gene complex that seems to comprise genes for GP A, GP B, and the GP B-GP A hybrid. The diminished GP A level and a decreased galactose-oxidase labelling of the major membrane protein (anion channel protein, band 3) in MD's cells is in accordance with previous data suggesting that band 3 might form a complex with GP A and the Dantu-specific hybrid GP. This complex formation may be necessary for optimum incorporation of the latter molecules into the membrane.     

A premature stop codon in the ADAMTS2 gene is likely to be responsible for dermatosparaxis in Dorper sheep

We have used polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis to investigate variation in exon 2 of the ADAM metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motif, 2 (ADAMTS2) gene in 598 sheep, including three white Dorper lambs that had a pathology consistent with dermatosparaxis. Four sequence variants (A, B, C and D) were identified at this exon, with the lambs having the dermatosparaxis phenotype being uniquely B homozygous and their mothers being B-containing heterozygous for ADAMTS2. Analysis of the amplified exon 2 sequences revealed the B variant had a nucleotide substitution that creates a premature stop codon and would notionally abbreviate the ADAMTS2 peptide. The B variant was not found in any other breed aside from the white Dorper sheep that were studied.