Impact of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phanerochaete chrysosporium</Emphasis> inoculation on indigenous bacterial communities during agricultural waste composting

This research was conducted to distinguish between the separate effects of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation and sample property heterogeneity induced by different inoculation regimes on the indigenous bacterial communities during agricultural waste composting. P. chrysosporium was inoculated during different phases. The bacterial community abundance and structure were determined by quantitative PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, respectively. Results indicated a significant stimulatory effect of P. chrysosporium inoculation on the bacterial community abundance. The bacterial community abundance significantly coincided with pile temperature, ammonium, and nitrate (P?<?0.006). Variance partition analysis showed that the P. chrysosporium inoculation directly explained 20.5 % (P?=?0.048) of the variation in the bacterial communities, whereas the sample property changes induced by different inoculation regimes indirectly explained up to 35.1 % (P?=?0.002). The bacterial community structure was significantly related to pile temperature, water-soluble carbon (WSC), and C/N ratio when P. chrysosporium were inoculated. The C/N ratio solely explained 7.9 % (P?=?0.03) of the variation in community structure, whereas pile temperature and WSC explained 7.7 % (P?=?0.026) and 7.5 % (P?=?0.034) of the variation, respectively. P. chrysosporium inoculation affected the indigenous bacterial communities most probably indirectly through increasing pile temperature, enhancing the substrate utilizability, and changing other physico-chemical factors.     

Response of compost maturity and microbial community composition to pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated soil during composting

Two composting piles were prepared by adding to a mixture of rice straw, vegetables and bran: (i) raw soil free from pentachlorophenol (PCP) contamination (pile A) and (ii) PCP-contaminated soil (pile B). It was shown by the results that compost maturity characterized by water soluble carbon (WSC), TOC/TN ratio, germination index (GI) and dehydrogenase activity (DA) was significantly affected by PCP exposure, which resulted in an inferior degree of maturity for pile B. DGGE analysis revealed an inhibited effect of PCP on compost microbial abundance. The bacteria community shifts were mainly consistent with composting factors such as temperature, pH, moisture content and substrates. By contrast, the fungal communities were more sensitive to PCP contamination due to the significant correlation between fungal community shifts and PCP removal. Therefore, the different microbial community compositions for properly evaluating the degree of maturity and PCP contamination were suggested.     

荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区游泳动物群落特征及其与主要环境因子的关系

根据2009年5月份至2010年2月份于山东荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区和对照区4个季度月的游泳动物及同步的环境调查数据,采用Margalef种类丰富度指数,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,Pielou均匀度指数分析了鱼礁区游泳动物群落组成和物种多样性的时空分布特征,运用梯度分析法对调查区域游泳动物群落格局与环境因子进行排序分析,结合蒙特卡罗检验确定影响鱼礁区游泳动物群落结构的控制因子。调查期间共捕获游泳动物18种,隶属于8目15科,优势种为许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和斑头六线鱼(Hexagrammos agrammus),其中许氏平鲉在渔获量组成中占绝对优势(41%)。鱼礁区游泳动物的渔获种类数和渔获量高于各自对照区,但差异不显著(P>0.05), 季度月平均CPUE最高值出现在近岸礁区,达到830.24 g ·网^-1·d^-1。群落组成特征值上,春秋季的参数值最大,鱼礁区与对照区间并无显著差异(P>0.05)。聚类分析表明,春季、夏季和冬季均是季度月内不同区域的样方相似性较高,而秋季的远岸礁区及其对照区样方与春季各区域样方的相似性高于秋季近岸礁区及其对照区。RDA分析表明,水温对游泳动物群落组成变化的解释量为37.1%,是主要的解释因子(P=0.002)。水温和水深等环境因子主导了俚岛人工鱼礁区游泳动物群落结构的时空变化。     

Nitrite reductase genes as functional markers to investigate diversity of denitrifying bacteria during agricultural waste composting

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of denitrifier community during agricultural waste composting. The diversity and dynamics of the denitrifying genes (nirK and nirS) were determined using polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Relationships between physico-chemical parameters and denitrifying genes structures were simultaneously evaluated by redundancy analysis (RDA). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that nirK clones grouped into six clusters and nirS clones into two major clusters, respectively. The results showed a very high diversity of nir gene sequences within composting samples. RDA showed that the nirK and nirS gene structures were significantly related to pH and pile temperature (P?<?0.05). Significant amounts of the variation (49.2 and 38.3 % for nirK and nirS genes, respectively) were explained by pH and pile temperature, suggesting that those two parameters were the most likely ones to influence, or be influenced by the denitrifiers harboring nirK and nirS genes.     

Altering the mineral composition of soil causes a shift in microbial community structure

This study tests the hypothesis that altering the mineral composition of soil influences microbial community structure in a nutrient-deficient soil. Microcosms were established by adding mica (M), basalt (B) and rock phosphate (P) to soil separately, and in combination (MBP), and by planting with Lolium rigidum, Trifolium subterraneum or by leaving unplanted. The effects of mineral and plant treatments on microbial community structure were assessed using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Bacterial community structure was significantly affected by both mineral (global R=0.73 and P<0.001) and plant (global R=0.71 and P<0.001) treatments, as was the fungal community structure: mineral (global R=0.65 and P<0.001) and plant (global R=0.65 and P<0.001) treatments. All pairwise comparisons of bacterial and fungal communities between different mineral treatments and between different plant treatments were significantly different (P<0.05). This study has shown that mineral addition to soil microcosms resulted in substantial changes in both bacterial and fungal community structure, dependent on the type of mineral added and the plant species present. These results suggest that the mineral composition of soil may be an important factor influencing the microbial community structure in soil.     

Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis

The possible effects of soil microbial community structure on organic matter decomposition rates have been widely acknowledged, but are poorly understood. Understanding these relationships is complicated by the fact that microbial community structure and function are likely to both affect and be affected by organic matter quality and chemistry, thus it is difficult to draw mechanistic conclusions from field studies. We conducted a reciprocal soil inoculum × litter transplant laboratory incubation experiment using samples collected from a set of sites that have similar climate and plant species composition but vary significantly in bacterial community structure and litter quality. The results showed that litter quality explained the majority of variation in decomposition rates under controlled laboratory conditions: over the course of the 162-day incubation, litter quality explained nearly two-thirds (64 %) of variation in decomposition rates, and a smaller proportion (25 %) was explained by variation in the inoculum type. In addition, the relative importance of inoculum type on soil respiration increased over the course of the experiment, and was significantly higher in microcosms with lower litter quality relative to those with higher quality litter. We also used molecular phylogenetics to examine the relationships between bacterial community composition and soil respiration in samples through time. Pyrosequencing revealed that bacterial community composition explained 32 % of the variation in respiration rates. However, equal portions (i.e., 16 %) of the variation in bacterial community composition were explained by inoculum type and litter quality, reflecting the importance of both the meta-community and the environment in bacterial assembly. Taken together, these results indicate that the effects of changing microbial community composition on decomposition are likely to be smaller than the potential effects of climate change and/or litter quality changes in response to increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations or atmospheric nutrient deposition.     

Contrasting patterns and drivers of soil bacterial and fungal diversity across a mountain gradient

Microbial elevational diversity patterns have been extensively studied, but their shaping mechanisms remain to be explored. Here, we examined soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community compositions across a 3.4 km elevational gradient (consists of five elevations) on Mt. Kilimanjaro located in East Africa. Bacteria and fungi had different diversity patterns across this extensive mountain gradient—bacterial diversity had a U shaped pattern while fungal diversity monotonically decreased. Random forest analysis revealed that pH (12.61% importance) was the most important factor affecting bacterial diversity, whereas mean annual temperature (9.84% importance) had the largest impact on fungal diversity, which was consistent with results obtained from mixed-effects model. Meanwhile, the diversity patterns and drivers of those diversity patterns differ among taxonomic groups (phyla/classes) within bacterial or fungal communities. Taken together, our study demonstrated that bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition responded differently to climate and edaphic properties along an extensive mountain gradient, and suggests that the elevational diversity patterns across microbial groups are determined by distinct environmental variables. These findings enhanced our understanding of the formation and maintenance of microbial diversity along elevation, as well as microbial responses to climate change in montane ecosystems.     

Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation shapes the indigenous fungal communities during agricultural waste composting

Inoculation with exogenous white-rot fungi has been proven to be an efficient method to promote lignocellulose biodegradation during agricultural waste composting. Indigenous fungal communities, the most important organisms responsible for mineralization and decomposition of lignocellulosic materials in composts, can be affected by sample properties and other biotic factors. This research was conducted to determine the effects of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation on the indigenous fungal communities during agricultural waste composting. Fungal communities in samples with different inoculation regimes were investigated by sequencing and quantitative PCR. Results showed that P. chrysosporium inoculants produced significant negative effects on the indigenous fungal community abundance during the thermophilic stage. Samples inoculated during Phase II contained higher proportion of Acremonium chrysogenum and Galactomyces geotrichum, while those non-inoculated samples were dominated by Coprinopsis cinerea and Scytalidium thermophilum. Moreover, the indigenous fungal community abundance was significantly correlated with the C/N ratio, water soluble carbon and moisture content (P < 0.05). Redundancy analysis indicated that the most variation in distribution of indigenous fungal community structure was statistically explained by nitrate, C/N ratio, and moisture content, factors which solely explained 29.6 % (F = 30.316, P = 0.002), 25.6 % (F = 26.191, P = 0.002) and 10.0 % (F = 10.249, P = 0.002) of the variation in the indigenous fungal community structure, respectively.     

广西凭祥不同年龄红椎林林下植物物种多样性及其环境解释

林下植被作为森林生态系统的重要组成部分,其在调控森林群落结构和功能上发挥着至关重要的作用。从揭示人工林林下植物物种组成的关键控制因素的目标出发,以不同年龄红椎林灌木层和草本层的植物群落作为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,重点探究林下植物物种组成与环境因子之间的关系及其关键控制因子。研究结果表明:不同年龄红椎林的林下植物物种组成存在明显差异;RDA结果表明,胸高断面积是影响灌木层物种组成的最主要因子,胸高断面积、坡度和海拔能显著影响影响草本层的物种组成;方差分解结果表明,所调查的生物和非生物因子分别解释灌木层和草本层物种组成变异的63%和47%,微环境和植物之间的相互作用是影响林下植物群落物种变异的最主要因素,而土壤与微环境、土壤与植物两者之间,以及微环境、植物和土壤三者之间的相互作用对林下植物群落的物种组成的影响较小,甚至无影响,微环境的独立效应对林下植物物种组成的影响高于植物或土壤因素。     

Host phylogeny is the primary determinant of ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition in the permafrost ecosystem of eastern Siberia at a regional scale

Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities have been studied worldwide; however, those in the very cold and dry continental climate zone of northern Eurasia remain understudied. We investigated EM fungal community structure on plant roots and its determinants in eastern Siberia. We identified 291 EM fungal taxa belonging to 37 fungal genera from nine sites spanning 2100 km. In a variation partitioning analysis, host plant phylogeny was the primary factor that explained variation in fungal community composition, followed by spatial distance, soil, and climate. Host specificity and preference were attributed to differences in EM fungal community composition among host plants. The EM fungal community on Larix cajanderi, the dominant canopy tree in the region, was characterized by a high proportion of Suillus and Rhizopogon species. This implies that these specialist fungal symbionts have a close ecological relationship with pioneer Larix trees to adapt to the harsh continental climate of Siberia.     

不同树叶凋落物对人参土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响

树种选择是林下山参护育成败的关键,研究树叶凋落物对人参土壤养分、微生物群落结构组成的影响,旨在为林下山参护育选择适宜林地及农田栽参土壤改良提供科学依据和理论指导。通过盆栽试验,研究添加5.0 g色木槭Acer mono.Maxim.var.mono(A)、赤松Pinus densiflora Sieb.et Zucc.(B)、胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica Maxim.(C)、紫椴Tilia amurensis Rupr.(D)、蒙古栎Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb.(E)树叶凋落物到土壤中,种植人参(Panax ginseng C.A.meyer)后研究土壤理化性质以及微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明:添加不同树叶处理后人参土壤性质发生改变,土壤p H值显著高于对照土壤5.91(P0.05),土壤全氮、速效氮磷、微生物碳氮在所有树叶处理中显著增加(P0.05),而土壤容重、速效钾和C/N在添加树叶处理中降低。18个土壤样品基因组,经16S和ITS1测序分别得到6064和1900个OUTs。其中细菌涵盖了42门、117纲、170目、213科、225属,真菌涵盖了24门、98纲、196目、330科、435属。不同树叶处理人参土壤细菌和真菌地位发生改变,细菌Proteobacteria是树叶分解的关键微生物,添加树叶后其多样性显著高于对照(P0.05)。而细菌Bacteroidetes和真菌Basidiomycota可能是区别阔叶林和针叶林树种的关键微生物,针叶林中含量显著低于阔叶林(P0.05),而真菌Ascomycota是针叶林分解的关键微生物。进一步从不同分类水平上得到特定树叶凋落物的特异细菌和真菌。典型相关分析(CDA)表明细菌Bacteroidetes、Chloroflexi、Actinobacteria及真菌Basidiomycota、Zygomycota、Chytridiomycota及Ascomycota的位置及多样性的改变均与土壤因子SMBN、TN、AP、SOC、AK、C/N、p H有关。综上所述,添加不同树叶后不仅提高土壤微生物量碳氮、改善土壤理化性质,同时改变微生物群落结构组成,不同树叶处理土壤理化性质不同导致人参土壤微生物组成的差异,本结果对于林下参选地和农田栽参土壤微生物改良具有理论指导作用。     

Community Turnover of Wood-Inhabiting Fungi across Hierarchical Spatial Scales

For efficient use of conservation resources it is important to determine how species diversity changes across spatial scales. In many poorly known species groups little is known about at which spatial scales the conservation efforts should be focused. Here we examined how the community turnover of wood-inhabiting fungi is realised at three hierarchical levels, and how much of community variation is explained by variation in resource composition and spatial proximity. The hierarchical study design consisted of management type (fixed factor), forest site (random factor, nested within management type) and study plots (randomly placed plots within each study site). To examine how species richness varied across the three hierarchical scales, randomized species accumulation curves and additive partitioning of species richness were applied. To analyse variation in wood-inhabiting species and dead wood composition at each scale, linear and Permanova modelling approaches were used. Wood-inhabiting fungal communities were dominated by rare and infrequent species. The similarity of fungal communities was higher within sites and within management categories than among sites or between the two management categories, and it decreased with increasing distance among the sampling plots and with decreasing similarity of dead wood resources. However, only a small part of community variation could be explained by these factors. The species present in managed forests were in a large extent a subset of those species present in natural forests. Our results suggest that in particular the protection of rare species requires a large total area. As managed forests have only little additional value complementing the diversity of natural forests, the conservation of natural forests is the key to ecologically effective conservation. As the dissimilarity of fungal communities increases with distance, the conserved natural forest sites should be broadly distributed in space, yet the individual conserved areas should be large enough to ensure local persistence.     

土壤微生物多样性通过共现网络复杂性表征高寒草甸生态系统多功能性

土壤微生物多样性在生态系统功能的维持方面发挥着至关重要的作用,但是土壤生物多样性与生态系统功能（Biodiversity-ecosystem function,BEF）关系仍存在争议。以往的研究多基于简单多样性指标（如物种数、香浓多样性指数等）对BEF关系进行探究,忽略了物种间复杂的相互作用在BEF关系中的重要性。以青藏高原米拉山高寒草甸为研究对象,使用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术测定了6个海拔高度（3755 m、3994 m、4225 m、4534 m、4900 m、5120 m）土壤细菌和真菌群落特征,分析了简单微生物多样性指标（物种数）和共现网络复杂性与生态系统多功能性（Ecosystem multifunctionality,EMF）的关系,以期进一步揭示微生物多样性与EMF的关系。共现网络分析表明,表征土壤细菌和真菌网络复杂性的节点（Node）和边（Link）沿海拔高度的升高显著下降（P<0.05）。土壤细菌和真菌的多样性和网络复杂性均沿海拔的升高显著下降（P<0.05）,而且网络复杂性比相应的多样性下降明显。在未控制环境因素时,真菌和细菌的多样性和网络复杂性均与EMF显著正相关（P<0.05）;其中真菌和细菌网络复杂性对EMF的解释度高于相应多样性对EMF的解释度。通过偏回归分析（Partial least squares regression,PLSR）控制年降水、年均温、黏粒含量、盐基离子和酸性离子等气候及土壤环境因子影响后,土壤细菌和真菌物种多样性与EMF的显著正相关关系变为不相关（P>0.05）,而网络复杂性与EMF的显著正相关关系（P<0.05）仍然存在。利用方差分解分析（Variance partition analysis,VPA）将环境因子纳入对EMF的影响后发现,土壤微生物网络复杂性和环境因子对EMF变化的解释度可达80%,高于土壤微生物多样性与环境因子对EMF变化的解释度。结构方程模型（Structural equation model,SEM）分析进一步显示,土壤细菌多样性和真菌多样性通过促进对应共现网络的复杂性,间接对EMF产生正向影响。综上所述,相较于简单的多样性指标,土壤微生物网络复杂性对EMF具有更好的解释度和预测性,微生物多样性主要通过促进网络复杂性间接正向影响EMF。研究结果扩展了BEF关系的研究,证明微生物物种多样性主要通过促进对应的网络复杂性维持EMF。     

Phylogeny of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi predicts community composition of symbiosis-associated bacteria

Many physicochemical and biotic aspects of the soil environment determine the community composition of bacteria. In this study, we examined the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, common symbionts of higher plants, on the composition of bacterial communities after long-term (7-8 years) enrichment culture in the presence of a plant host. We showed that the phylogeny of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates was a highly significant predictor of bacterial community composition, as assessed by cluster analysis, redundancy analysis and linear discriminant analysis of phospholipid fatty acid patterns. Numerous phospholipid fatty acids differed between the phylogenetic groupings; this pattern also held for fungal-origin phospholipid fatty acids and in a combined bacterial/fungal analysis, suggesting that categorizing phospholipid fatty acids into predominantly bacterial and fungal origin did not affect the overall outcome. The mechanisms underlying this observation could include substrate quality (and quantity) effects, interactions mediated by the host plant (e.g. rhizodeposition) and direct biotic interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial populations. Our results suggest that aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functions may be partially explained by the symbiosis-accompanying bacterial communities, a possibility that should be explicitly considered in studies examining the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species diversity in soil and ecosystem processes.     

Effects of environmental variation and spatial distance on Bacteria,Archaea and viruses in sub-polar and arctic waters

We investigated the influence of environmental parameters and spatial distance on bacterial, archaeal and viral community composition from 13 sites along a 3200-km long voyage from Halifax to Kugluktuk (Canada) through the Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago. Variation partitioning was used to disentangle the effects of environmental parameters, spatial distance and spatially correlated environmental parameters on prokaryotic and viral communities. Viral and prokaryotic community composition were related in the Labrador Sea, but were independent of each other in Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago. In oceans, the dominant dispersal mechanism for prokaryotes and viruses is the movement of water masses, thus, dispersal for both groups is passive and similar. Nevertheless, spatial distance explained 7–19% of the variation in viral community composition in the Arctic Archipelago, but was not a significant predictor of bacterial or archaeal community composition in either sampling area, suggesting a decoupling of the processes regulating community composition within these taxonomic groups. According to the metacommunity theory, patterns in bacterial and archaeal community composition suggest a role for species sorting, while patterns of virus community composition are consistent with species sorting in the Labrador Sea and suggest a potential role of mass effects in the Arctic Archipelago. Given that, a specific prokaryotic taxon may be infected by multiple viruses with high reproductive potential, our results suggest that viral community composition was subject to a high turnover relative to prokaryotic community composition in the Arctic Archipelago.     

Different response of bacteria,archaea and fungi to process parameters in nine full-scale anaerobic digesters

Biogas production is a biotechnological process realized by complex bacterial, archaeal and likely fungal communities. Their composition was assessed in nine full-scale biogas plants with distinctly differing feedstock input and process parameters. This study investigated the actually active microbial community members by using a comprehensive sequencing approach based on ribosomal 16S and 28S rRNA fragments. The prevailing taxonomical units of each respective community were subsequently linked to process parameters. Ribosomal rRNA of bacteria, archaea and fungi, respectively, showed different compositions with respect to process parameters and supplied feedstocks: (i) bacterial communities were affected by the key factors temperature and ammonium concentration; (ii) composition of archaea was mainly related to process temperature; and (iii) relative abundance of fungi was linked to feedstocks supplied to the digesters. Anaerobic digesters with a high methane yield showed remarkably similar bacterial communities regarding identified taxonomic families. Although archaeal communities differed strongly on genus level from each other, the respective digesters still showed high methane yields. Functional redundancy of the archaeal communities may explain this effect. 28S rRNA sequences of fungi in all nine full-scale anaerobic digesters were primarily classified as facultative anaerobic Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Since the presence of ribosomal 28S rRNA indicates that fungi may be active in the biogas digesters, further research should be carried out to examine to which extent they are important players in anaerobic digestion processes.     

枯草芽胞杆菌菌肥对有机冬瓜根区土壤微生态的影响

【背景】微生物肥料已广泛应用于我国有机作物的种植,其对有机种植土壤微生态的影响尚需科学评测。【目的】高通量测序技术可用于精确分析土壤微生物群落,从细菌、真菌群落结构和多样性的角度阐释枯草芽胞杆菌菌肥对有机农田根区土壤微生物群落的影响。【方法】在有机农田轮作种植条件下,施用枯草芽胞杆菌菌肥后提取冬瓜根区土壤基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增建立文库,利用IlluminaMiSeq高通量测序技术,并结合相关生物信息学方法分析土壤细菌16SrRNA基因V3-V4区和真菌ITS1区的多样性指数及群落结构;测定根区土壤化学性质及酶活性,分析有机冬瓜果实品质,并作相关分析。【结果】从6个有机冬瓜根区土壤样本中获得14199个细菌操作分类单元(OTU)和3378个真菌OTU,细菌和真菌文库测序覆盖率分别在98%、99%以上。枯草芽胞杆菌菌肥会在一定程度上提高土壤细菌种群多样性而降低真菌种群多样性,丰富了细菌群落结构,但显著降低了真菌群落丰富度(P0.05);并减少了根区土壤特有细菌和真菌物种。变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门是优势细菌,子囊菌门是优势真菌;枯草芽胞杆菌菌肥会提高绿弯菌门和子囊菌门的相对丰度,比例分别为46.23%、10.01%;降低变形菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度,比例分别为11.14%、74.72%。枯草芽胞杆菌菌肥显著降低了土壤pH,显著提高了有机冬瓜果实总氨基酸、可溶性固形物等营养成分含量(P0.05)。【结论】施用枯草芽胞杆菌菌肥改变有机冬瓜根区土壤细菌和真菌的丰富度和多样性,降低了土壤pH,提高了有机冬瓜果实品质。     

Abiotic drivers and plant traits explain landscape‐scale patterns in soil microbial communities

The controls on aboveground community composition and diversity have been extensively studied, but our understanding of the drivers of belowground microbial communities is relatively lacking, despite their importance for ecosystem functioning. In this study, we fitted statistical models to explain landscape‐scale variation in soil microbial community composition using data from 180 sites covering a broad range of grassland types, soil and climatic conditions in England. We found that variation in soil microbial communities was explained by abiotic factors like climate, pH and soil properties. Biotic factors, namely community‐weighted means (CWM) of plant functional traits, also explained variation in soil microbial communities. In particular, more bacterial‐dominated microbial communities were associated with exploitative plant traits versus fungal‐dominated communities with resource‐conservative traits, showing that plant functional traits and soil microbial communities are closely related at the landscape scale.     

川西亚高山三种天然次生林土壤微生物多样性变化特征

开展川西亚高山相似土壤母质背景下天然次生林土壤微生物群落结构及其多样性探究,可加深次生林更新过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化的认知。选取川西米亚罗林区20世纪60年代采伐后经自然更新恢复形成的3种天然次生林（槭-桦阔叶林,ABB;桦-槭-冷杉针阔混交林,BAA;岷江冷杉林,AFF）,分析林下表层（0-20 cm）土壤微生物群落结构变化及其影响因素,结果显示：（1）3种林型土壤细菌Chao1和Shannon指数均极显著高于真菌,但仅真菌群落的Shannon指数差异显著,表现为BAA > ABB > AFF;（2）细菌群落优势门主要为变形杆菌门、酸杆菌门、疣微菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门,相对丰度占比超过82%;真菌群落则为子囊菌门和担子菌门,占比超过85%,AFF担子菌门相对丰度最高而子囊菌门最低。（3） RDA分析显示,土壤pH和乔木物种多样性（Shannon指数）是影响微生物群落结构变化的主导因子;土壤养分元素对细菌群落影响不显著,真菌群落主要受TN、TP含量显著影响。总体上,林型间乔木层物种多样性、土壤酸碱度及其氮磷含量是导致微生物群落结构变化的关键因素。