LE-ULBD与传统椎板间开窗技术椎管减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症疗效及对JOA、Oswestry评分和ROM的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腰椎内镜下单侧入路椎板切除双侧减压术（LE-ULBD）与传统椎板间开窗技术椎管减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症（DLSS）疗效及对JOA评分、ODI评分和关节活动度（ROM）的影响。方法：回顾性选取2019年11月-2022年4月收治的80例DLSS患者,根据手术方法分为研究组（n=40）和对照组（n=40）,对照组采用传统椎板间开窗椎管减压术治疗,研究组采用LE-ULBD治疗,比较两组围手术期指标、腰痛和下肢痛的视觉模拟评分（VAS）、JOA评分、Oswestry评分、上下方邻近节段ROM。结果：研究组手术时间、住院时间短于对照组,切口长度小于对照组（t=3.249;t=3.240;t=16.690,P<0.05）;术后1、3个月,研究组腰痛、下肢痛VAS评分低于对照组（t=2.296;t=2.071;t=2.531;t=2.117,P<0.05）;术后1、3个月,研究组JOA评分高于对照组,ODI评分低于对照组（t=3.119;t=2.231;t=3.065;t=2.457,P<0.05）;术后6个月,研究组上下方邻近节段ROM低于对照组（t=5.372;t=6.076,P<0.05）;两组并发症比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：相较于传统椎板间开窗椎管减压,LE-ULBD治疗DLSS能显著缩短手术时间和住院时间,减少手术创伤,保留上下邻近节段活动度,加快术后腰腿痛缓解及腰椎功能的恢复。     

3D打印技术在骨科临床应用中的感知研究

目的 了解医院骨科医师和管理者对3D打印技术在骨科应用的安全性、有效性、经济性和伦理性的感知。方法 对上海市4所三级综合性医院的所有骨科临床医师和相关管理部门的负责人或管理者进行问卷调查,并邀请4名骨科专家进行定性访谈。结果 3所被调查医院在骨科领域应用了3D打印技术,但使用量有限。被调查的医师和管理者认为：骨科3D打印主要优点是手术时间短、增加手术便利性和手术成功率高,主要缺点是费用高且价格昂贵、缺乏相关规范标准和整个过程相对复杂且耗时长。结论 3D打印技术在骨科临床应用的安全性和有效性需长期评价,骨科3D打印技术的临床应用需要规制。     

单孔、两孔及三孔胸腔镜下早期非小细胞肺癌根治术的效果比较研究

目的:通过比较不同胸腔镜手术方式治疗早期非小细胞肺癌根治术术后的相关临床指标,为临床手术方式提供经验。方法:收集我院2017年1月～2019年12月收治的行肺癌根治术的早期非小细胞肺癌病例共100例,分别采用单孔胸腔镜(40例),两孔胸腔镜(32例)及三孔胸腔镜(28例)手术方式,比较三组手术术中及术后的相关指标。结果:单孔胸腔镜组术中出血量、术后引流量明显少于两孔胸腔镜组和三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05),而两孔胸腔镜组明显少于三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05);单孔胸腔镜组术后胸管留置时间和术后住院时间均短于两孔胸腔镜组和三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05),而两孔胸腔镜组明显短于三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05)。三组组内疼痛评分术后24h低于术后12h,术后48h低于术后24h,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组组间不同时间点疼痛评分比较发现,单孔胸腔镜组疼痛评分低于两孔胸腔镜组和三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05),而两孔胸腔镜组低于三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05)。三组清扫淋巴结数目、淋巴结站数和术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单孔胸腔镜早期非小细胞肺癌根治术与两孔、三孔胸腔镜手术相比优势明显,且不会显著增加术后并发症,可作为临床首选。     

内镜下负压套扎术对Ⅱ、Ⅲ度痔疮患者肛肠动力学、炎症反应及免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨内镜下负压套扎术对Ⅱ、Ⅲ度痔疮患者肛肠动力学、炎症反应及免疫功能的影响。方法：选择2021年3月到2023年3月期间邯郸市中心医院收治的120例Ⅱ、Ⅲ度痔疮患者。按照手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（传统外剥内扎术,n=58）和B组（内镜下负压套扎术,n=62）。对比两组围术期指标、肛肠动力学、炎症反应及免疫功能变化情况,同时观察两组并发症发生率。结果：B组术中出血量少于A组,手术时间、首次排便时间、住院时间短于A组,术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3个月直肠最大耐受量、直肠感觉阈值、肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3 d白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-8（IL-8）、白介素-12（IL-12）、C反应蛋白（CRP）升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3 d CD8⁺升高,但B组低于A组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。B组的并发症发生率低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：与传统外剥内扎术治疗相比,内镜下负压套扎术用于Ⅱ、Ⅲ度痔疮,具有创伤小,术后恢复快的优势,同时还可促进机体肛肠动力学恢复,减轻炎症反应和免疫抑制,降低术后并发症发生率。     

Randomized Controlled Field Trial to Assess the Immunogenicity and Safety of Rift Valley Fever Clone 13 Vaccine in Livestock

BackgroundAlthough livestock vaccination is effective in preventing Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemics, there are concerns about safety and effectiveness of the only commercially available RVF Smithburn vaccine. We conducted a randomized controlled field trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the new RVF Clone 13 vaccine, recently registered in South Africa.MethodsIn a blinded randomized controlled field trial, 404 animals (85 cattle, 168 sheep, and 151 goats) in three farms in Kenya were divided into three groups. Group A included males and non-pregnant females that were randomized and assigned to two groups; one vaccinated with RVF Clone 13 and the other given placebo. Groups B included animals in 1^st half of pregnancy, and group C animals in 2^nd half of pregnancy, which were also randomized and either vaccinated and given placebo. Animals were monitored for one year and virus antibodies titers assessed on days 14, 28, 56, 183 and 365.ResultsIn vaccinated goats (N = 72), 72% developed anti-RVF virus IgM antibodies and 97% neutralizing IgG antibodies. In vaccinated sheep (N = 77), 84% developed IgM and 91% neutralizing IgG antibodies. Vaccinated cattle (N = 42) did not develop IgM antibodies but 67% developed neutralizing IgG antibodies. At day 14 post-vaccination, the odds of being seropositive for IgG in the vaccine group was 3.6 (95% CI, 1.5 – 9.2) in cattle, 90.0 (95% CI, 25.1 – 579.2) in goats, and 40.0 (95% CI, 16.5 – 110.5) in sheep. Abortion was observed in one vaccinated goat but histopathologic analysis did not indicate RVF virus infection. There was no evidence of teratogenicity in vaccinated or placebo animals.ConclusionsThe results suggest RVF Clone 13 vaccine is safe to use and has high (>90%) immunogenicity in sheep and goats but moderate (> 65%) immunogenicity in cattle.     

Efficacy and safety of Lianhuaqingwen capsules,a repurposed Chinese herb,in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter,prospective, randomized controlled trial

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has resulted in a global outbreak. Few existing targeted medications are available. Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsule, a repurposed marketed Chinese herb product, has been proven effective for influenza.PurposeTo determine the safety and efficacy of LH capsule in patients with Covid-19.MethodsWe did a prospective multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial on LH capsule in confirmed cases with Covid-19. Patients were randomized to receive usual treatment alone or in combination with LH capsules (4 capsules, thrice daily) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of symptom (fever, fatigue, coughing) recovery.ResultsWe included 284 patients (142 each in treatment and control group) in the full-analysis set. The recovery rate was significantly higher in treatment group as compared with control group (91.5% vs. 82.4%, p = 0.022). The median time to symptom recovery was markedly shorter in treatment group (median: 7 vs. 10 days, p < 0.001). Time to recovery of fever (2 vs. 3 days), fatigue (3 vs. 6 days) and coughing (7 vs. 10 days) was also significantly shorter in treatment group (all p < 0.001). The rate of improvement in chest computed tomographic manifestations (83.8% vs. 64.1%, p < 0.001) and clinical cure (78.9% vs. 66.2%, p = 0.017) was also higher in treatment group. However, both groups did not differ in the rate of conversion to severe cases or viral assay findings (both p > 0.05). No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionIn light of the safety and effectiveness profiles, LH capsules could be considered to ameliorate clinical symptoms of Covid-19.     

单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术对老年孤立性肺结节患者肺功能和免疫球蛋白的影响

目的:探讨单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)对老年孤立性肺结节(SPN)患者肺功能和免疫球蛋白的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年2月～2019年1月期间南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院收治的78例老年SPN患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为对照组(n=43)和研究组(n=35),对照组给予传统多孔VATS肺结节切除术治疗,研究组给予单操作孔VATS肺结节切除术治疗,比较两组患者临床指标、肺功能、免疫球蛋白、视觉疼痛模拟评分量表(VAS)、并发症以及复发情况。结果:两组手术时间比较无差异(P0.05),研究组住院时间短于对照组,术后引流量、住院费用、术中出血量均少于对照组(P0.05)。两组均未见严重的并发症,且两组均无复发病例。两组术后1个月第1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、用力肺活量(FVC)均下降,但研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后3 d免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)均下降,但研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。术后1 d、3 d、5 d研究组VAS评分较对照组降低(P0.05)。结论:单操作孔VATS治疗老年SPN,可有效改善围术期指标,提高免疫力,减轻肺功能损伤,且安全性较好,临床应用价值较高。     

Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of new thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives

In our present research, we synthesised new thiazolidine-2,4-diones (12–28). All the newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative and antibacterial activity. Antiproliferative evaluation was carried out using normal human skin fibroblasts and tumour cell lines: A549, HepG2, and MCF-7. The IC₅₀ values were determined for tested compounds revealing antiproliferative activity. Moreover, safety index (SI) was calculated. Among all tested derivatives, the compound 18 revealed the highest antiproliferative activity against human lung, breast, and liver cancer cells. More importantly, the derivative 18 showed meaningfully lower IC₅₀ values when compared to the reference substance, irinotecan, and relatively high SI values. Moreover, newly synthesised compounds were screened for the bacteria growth inhibition in vitro. According to our screening results, most active compound was the derivative 18 against Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it may be implied that the novel compound 18 appears to be a very promising agent for anticancer treatment.     

Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan,China: a retrospective,single-center study with propensity score matching

BackgroundChinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its treatment effects and safety are unclear.PurposeThis study reviews the effect and safety of CHM granules in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19.MethodsWe conducteda single-center, retrospective study on patients with severe COVID-19 in a designated hospital in Wuhan from January 15, 2020 to March 30, 2020. The propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess the effect and safety of the treatment using CHM granules. The ratio of patients who received treatment with CHM granules combined with usual care and those who received usual care alone was 1:1. The primary outcome was the time to clinical improvement within 28 days, defined as the time taken for the patients’ health to show improvement by decline of two categories (from the baseline) on a modified six-category ordinal scale, or to be dischargedfrom the hospital before Day 28.ResultsUsing PSM, 43 patients (45% male) aged 65.6 (57–70) yearsfrom each group were exactly matched. No significant difference was observed in clinical improvement of patients treated with CHM granules compared with those who received usual (p = 0.851). However, the use of CHM granules reduced the 28-day mortality (p = 0.049) and shortened the duration of fever (4 days vs. 7 days, p = 0.002). The differences in the duration of cough and dyspnea and the difference in lung lesion ratio on computerized tomography scans were not significant.Commonly,patients in the CHM group had an increased D-dimer level (p = 0.036).ConclusionForpatients with severe COVID-19, CHM granules, combined with usual care, showed no improvement beyond usual care alone. However, the use of CHM granules reduced the 28-day mortality rate and the time to fever alleviation. Nevertheless, CHM granules may be associated with high risk of fibrinolysis.     

经皮椎间孔镜与Mast Quadrant通道技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效比较

目的:研究和比较经皮椎间孔镜(Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy,PTED)与Mast Quadrant通道技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2008年至2015年在本院接受手术治疗的单节段LDH患者90例,其中接受经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘突出髓核摘除术(PTED)患者58例,接受Mast Quadrant通道系统下腰椎间盘切除术患者32例,按手术方式的不同分为PTED组与Quadrant组。结合随访资料,评价并比较两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症发生情况。手术效果按照视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、0swestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和改良Mac Nab标准进行评定。结果:椎间孔镜组术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症发生率、术后1天、7天腰痛VAS评分及ODI均优于Quadrant组(P0.05);椎间孔镜组手术时间长于Quadrant组(P0.05);两组术后腿痛VAS评分、手术优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮椎间孔镜与Mast Quadrant通道技术均能有效治疗腰椎间盘突出症,在严格掌握手术适应证和禁忌症的前提下,经皮椎间孔镜手术能够明显减少出血及并发症,是一种治疗腰椎间盘突出症理想的微创手术方式,但长期疗效有待进一步临床研究。     

聚丙烯补片材料在腹股沟疝修补中的临床应用研究

目的:采用生物材料补片进行修补,加强腹壁薄弱区域实现功能重建,分析该方法治疗腹股沟疝的临床疗效。方法:选择我院收治的无嵌顿性择期腹股沟疝手术患者30例,随机分为传统修补组与生物补片修补组。比较患者的围手术期指标(手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后下地活动时间、镇痛药物应用例数)、临床疗效,通过随访比较术后1个月、3个月、6个月患者的VAS评分及主观满意度,记录切口感染及其他并发症的发生情况。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,并完成半年以上随访。研究组的手术时间、术中失血量、住院时间、术后下地活动时间、镇痛药物应用均明显短于或低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1个月、3个月、6个月的VAS评分、主观满意度均较术前显著降低(P0.05),但两组之间相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用生物补片材料修补腹股沟疝的手术创伤较小且患者恢复期短,近期疗效及安全性与传统手术相当。     

单孔与三孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术对患者T淋巴细胞亚群、应激反应及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨单孔与三孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术对患者T淋巴细胞亚群、应激反应及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2016年2月～2018年9月期间我院收治的肺癌根治术患者127例为研究对象,依据随机数字表法将其分成单孔组(n=63,采用单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗)和三孔组(n=64,采用三孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗),比较两组患者手术及临床指标、T淋巴细胞亚群、应激反应指标及生活质量评分,并观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果:单孔组术中出血量少于三孔组,住院时间短于三孔组,而手术时间长于三孔组(P0.05),而两组淋巴结清扫个数、术后引流时间、术后引流量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1d、术后7d单孔组皮质醇、生长激素、PGE_2均低于三孔组(P0.05)。术后3d单孔组CD3~+、CD4~+以及CD4~+/CD8~+高于三孔组(P0.05)。术后3个月单孔组躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能、平均分数高于三孔组(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症总发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:与三孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术相比,单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术可减少患者术中出血量,缩短住院时间,减轻机体应激反应,对免疫功能损害较轻,且可有效改善患者生活质量。     

微创旋切术用于老年乳腺良性肿块患者对手术指标、应激反应和免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：对比分析微创旋切术和传统开放手术对老年乳腺良性肿块患者手术指标、应激反应、免疫功能的影响及安全性。方法：收集我院2015年4月~2019年2月因乳腺良性肿块需手术治疗的老年患者148例,按不同手术方式分为观察组和对照组,每组74例。观察组予以微创旋切术,对照组予以传统开放手术,比较两组手术指标,手术前后应激反应、免疫功能,术后乳房美观性和并发症的发生情况。结果：观察组切口长度、手术时间、出血量、住院时间和术后疼痛评分分别为(2.35±1.45)cm、(18.27±4.51)min、(5.07±1.02)mL、(4.98±1.20)d和(2.88±1.13)分,均低于或短于对照组(P<0.05);术后血清去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)和皮质醇(Cor)水平分别为(71.03±3.02)ng/mL、(68.22±7.23)ng/mL和(101.82±13.29)mmol/L,均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);手术后免疫功能中CD4⁺、CD3⁺和CD4⁺/CD8⁺分别为(27.27±3.70)%、(44.87±6.13)%和(1.22±0.07),均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);术后乳房美观性优良率为98.6%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05),总并发症发生率为2.7%,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：与传统开放手术相比,微创旋切术用于老年乳腺良性肿块患者的效果较好,手术时间短,出血少,患者术后疼痛较轻,住院时间短,可有效保护患者的免疫功能,降低应激反应,安全性高。     

加速康复外科联合全胸腔镜在肺癌根治术患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)联合全胸腔镜在肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果。方法:选择2015年5月-2017年5月西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的肺癌患者80例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=40)与研究组(n=40)。两组患者均采取常规单操作孔全胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗,对照组实施传统围手术期处理方法,研究组则应用ERAS模式进行围术期干预。评价两组患者术后各项临床指标、术后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生率及并发症发生情况,对比两组患者术后1d、3d、5d的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,以及术前、术后3d的C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果:研究组术后胸腔引流量、术后首次进食时间、术后住院天数、胸腔引流管拔除时间均低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术后SIRS、并发症发生率分别为0.00%、5.00%,均低于对照组的15.00%、22.50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后3d、术后5d VAS评分均低于术后1d,且两组患者术后5d VAS评分低于术后3d(P0.05),研究组术后1d、3d与5d的VAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。术前两组CRP水平对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者术后3d CRP水平高于术前,且研究组CRP水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对于肺癌根治术患者,ERAS联合全胸腔镜可减轻患者疼痛,降低炎症因子水平,不良反应少,对患者早期康复具有良好的效果,值得临床推广。     

传统开颅手术、显微镜下微创手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效分析

目的:观察和比较传统开颅手术、显微镜下微创手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2011年10月至2016年1月在我院进行手术治疗的基底节区高血压脑出血患者320例,根据手术方式分为两组,每组160例患者。A组患者接受传统开颅血肿清除术,B组患者接受显微镜下小骨窗血肿清除术,比较两组患者的手术情况、临床疗效、术后生活质量的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:B组患者手术时间、ICU时间以及住院时间均较A组显著缩短(P0.05),术中失血量、CSS评分以及术后24 h的血肿量显著低于A组(P0.05),术后1个月临床总有效率显著高于A组(P0.05)。随访6个月期间,B组生活质量显著优于A组(P0.05),术后肺部感染、再次出血的发生率均显著低于A组(P0.05)。结论:显微镜下行小骨窗血肿清除术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效显著优于传统开颅血肿清除术,且创伤较小,可有效缩短手术时间,提高手术安全性。     

全胸腔镜下肺叶切除联合系统淋巴清扫对肺癌患者血清疼痛相关因子和免疫功能的影响及预后的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨全胸腔镜下肺叶切除（VATS）联合系统淋巴清扫对肺癌患者血清疼痛相关因子和免疫功能的影响,并分析预后的影响因素。方法：选择我院于2014年3月~2016年3月期间收治的肺癌患者116例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各58例。对照组患者给予传统开胸肺叶切除联合系统淋巴清扫治疗,研究组给予VATS联合系统淋巴清扫治疗,对比两组手术相关指标、血清疼痛相关因子和免疫功能,随访记录研究组患者5年生存率,分析预后的影响因素。结果：与对照组相比,研究组手术时间更长,术中出血量更少,术后住院时间、切口长度、引流时间更短（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d去甲肾上腺素（NE）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）、P物质（SP）、皮质醇（Cor）水平均较术前升高,但研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均较术前降低,但研究组高于对照组,CD8+较术前升高,但研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果可知：研究组患者的预后与组织分化、吸烟史、病灶直径、临床分期、清扫淋巴结个数有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果可知：临床分期、清扫淋巴结个数是研究组患者预后的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：ATS联合系统淋巴清扫可减轻肺癌患者术后疼痛及免疫抑制,虽然手术时间更长,但可以改善其他围术期指标。此外,临床分期、清扫淋巴结个数是患者预后的影响因素,应引起临床重视。     

Occupational radiation dose of personnel involved in sentinel node biopsy procedure

IntroductionSentinel node biopsy is a procedure used for axillary nodal staging in breast cancer surgery. The process uses radioactive ^99mTc isotope for mapping the sentinel node(s) and all the staff involved in the procedure is potentially exposed to ionizing radiation. The colloid for radiolabelling (antimone-sulphide) with ^99mTc isotope (half-life 6 h) is injected into the patient breast. The injection has activity of 18.5 MBq. The surgeon removes the primary tumor and detects active lymph nodes with gamma detection unit. The tumor as well as the active nodal tissue is transferred to pathologist for the definitive findings. The aim of the study was to measure dose equivalents to extremities and whole body for all staff and suggest practice improvement in order to minimize exposure risk.Materials and methodsThe measurements of the following operational quantities were performed: Hp(10) personal dose equivalent to whole body and Hp(0.07) to extremities for staff as well as ambiental dose for operating theatre and during injection.Hp(0.07) were measured at surgeon’s finger by ring thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) type MTS-N, and reader RADOS RE2000. Surgeon and nurse were wearing TLD personal dosimeter at the chest level. Anesthesiologist and anesthetist were wearing electronic personal dosimeters, while pathologist was wearing ring TLD while manipulating tissue samples.Electronic dosimeters used were manufactured by Polimaster, type PM1610.All TLD and electronic dosimeters data were reported, including background radiation. Background radiation was also monitored separately. Personal TLDs are standard for this type of personal monitoring, provided by accredited laboratory.Measurements of ambiental dose in workplaces of other staff involved around the patient was performed before the surgery took place, by calibrated survey meters manufactured by Atomtex, type 1667.The study involved two surgeons and one pathologist, two anesthesiologists and three anesthetists during two months period.Results and discussionThe doses received by all staff are evaluated using passive and active personal dosimeters and ambiental dose monitors and practice was improved based on results collected. Average annual whole body dose for all staff involved in the procedure was less than 0.8 mSv. Extremity dose equivalents to surgeon and pathologist were far below the limits set for professionally exposed (surgeon) and for public (pathologist).ConclusionsAlthough has proven to be very safe for all staff, additional measures for radiation protection, in accordance to ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) should be conducted. The recommendations for practice improvement with respect to radiation protection were issued.     

Sex Differences in Lung Gas Volumes After Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Chorioamnionitis in Fetal Sheep

BackgroundPreterm female infants have a survival advantage and enhanced lung development, which is an important determinant of preterm survival.ObjectiveGiven the modulation of lung development by fetal exposure to infection/inflammation, we hypothesized that female fetuses have enhanced lung maturational responses to chorioamnionitis compared with male fetuses.MethodsTime-pregnant ewes received intra-amniotic injections with saline (n = 60) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 2 days (n = 30) or 7 days (n = 45) before surgical delivery at 123 to 125 days of gestation (term: ∼147 days). We assessed inflammatory responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cord blood, lung maturation with pressure-volume curves, and lung structure.ResultsLung gas volume showed differences between the sexes after 2 days LPS (male 4.6 [1.2] mL/kg, female 7.7 [4.4] mL/kg; P = 0.02) and 7 days LPS (male 20.5 [9.3] mL/kg, female 27.0 [7.0] mL/kg; P = 0.01). The control group was not different by sex (male 8.0 [3.6] mL/kg, female 8.9 [3.9] mL/kg; P > 0.05). No difference in lung structure and in pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response was evident by sex.ConclusionPreterm female sheep fetuses had increased lung gas volumes after exposure to LPS, without any detectable differences in fetal inflammatory responses.     

Assessment of out-of-field doses in radiotherapy treatments of paediatric patients using Monte Carlo methods and measurements

PurposeTo assess out-of-field doses in radiotherapy treatments of paediatric patients, using Monte Carlo methods to implement a new model of the linear accelerator validated against measurements and developing a voxelized anthropomorphic paediatric phantom.MethodsCT images of a physical anthropomorphic paediatric phantom were acquired and a dosimetric planning using a TPS was obtained. The CT images were used to perform the voxelization of the physical phantom using the ImageJ software and later implemented in MCNP. In order to validate the Monte Carlo model, dose measurements of the 6 MV beam and Linac with 120 MLC were made in a clinical setting, using ionization chambers and a water phantom. Afterwards TLD measurements in the physical anthropomorphic phantom were performed in order to assess the out-of-field doses in the eyes, thyroid, c-spine, heart and lungs.ResultsThe Monte Carlo model was validated for in-field and out-of-field doses with average relative differences below 3%. The average relative differences between TLD measurements and Monte Carlo is 14,3% whilst the average relative differences between TLD and TPS is 55,8%. Moreover, organs up to 22.5 cm from PTV center show TLD and MCNP6 relative differences and TLD and TPS relative differences up to 21.2% and 92.0%, respectively.ConclusionsOur study provides a novel model that could be used in clinical research, namely in dose evaluation outside the treatment fields. This is particularly relevant, especially in pediatric patients, for studying new radiotherapy treatment techniques, since it can be used to estimate the development of secondary tumours.     

老年患者在传统开胸与胸腔镜下手术切除周围型肺癌疗效的比较研究

目的:对比分析传统开胸手术和胸腔镜下肺叶切除对老年性早期周围型肺癌的疗效及生存曲线的差异。方法:选取我院行肺癌手术治疗的患者65例,均为周围型肺癌。采用非随机对照方法,将患者随机分为传统开胸手术组和胸腔镜组,其中开胸手术组34例,胸腔镜组31例。按照既定分组方案实施手术,对比分析两组患者一般属性资料、手术相关指标;术后随访至2016年6月,采用Kaplan-Meier法对比2组患者5年总生存率(OS)、无复发生存率(RFS)。结果:胸腔镜手术组手术时间明显长于开胸组(p0.05)。胸腔镜组拔出胸腔引流管天数明显缩短(p0.05)。胸腔镜组术中出血量少于开胸组(p0.05)。胸腔镜组术后并发症发生率、VAS评分、住院时间低于开胸组(p0.05)。但胸腔镜组住院总费用多于开胸组(p0.05)。开胸组组5年RFS为65.27%,胸腔镜组67.13%,差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。开胸组患者5年OS为53.73%,胸腔镜组为55.34%,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论:相比传统开胸手术,胸腔镜下早期肺癌切除术出血量少,恢复快,术后并发症发生率低,术后5年总生存率高于传统开胸术。