Ueber Farbenvariet?ten bei V?geln

Ohne ZusammenfassungAus den Museen in Metz, Strassburg und Colmar. Siehe Seite 120–136.     

Besprechungen

Book review in this article:
Garcke, A., Illustrierte Flora. Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete
Dormer, K. J., Shoot Organization in Vascular Plants.
Runeckles, V. C, and T. C. Tso (Editors), Structural and Functional Aspects of Phytodiemistry, Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Volume 5.
Annual Review of Phytopathology. Herausgegeben von K. F. BAKER, G. A. ZENTMYER und E. B. COWLING.
IVè conference du groupe international d'é;tude des virus et des maladies à virus de la vigne, Colmar 1970.     

Trajectory of the nodal roots of maize in fields with low mechanical constraints

The trajectories of seventy three nodal roots of maize were studied in two fields with loose soil structure. Their projections on horizontal and vertical planes were traced. These roots tended to remain in a vertical plane. Trajectories were related to each other by an affine transformation. Thus, all the observed trajectories could be obtained by transformation of a common root archetype. The horizontal component of the trajectories was mainly in the first 0.4 m depth of soil, in the layer where soil structure was disturbed by ploughing. This horizontal component decreased with later appearance of roots (upper internodes), but differed between the two sites. The average soil temperature during the week following root appearance accounted for differences between internodes and sites. Lungley's algorithm, which is commonly used in modelling root trajectories, was tested. A general pattern could be simulated, but the model failed to fit the trajectories in the first 100 to 200 mm of soil. As a consequence, the initial angle between the stem and the root, which is a sensitive parameter in Lungley's model, did not account for differences between root trajectories. Laboratoire d'agronomie de Colmar     

Le potentiel reproducteur des adultes de drosophila melanogaster: Variations génétiques en réponse aux régimes lumineux

The number of eggs oviposited, the egg hatchability and the number of offspring produced were measured at 25°C under three light regimes: LL, LD 12 : 12, DD. Two wild genotypes were studied at the same time: a French strain (Colmar) and a tropical African genotype obtained by crossing two strains from Brazzaville and Libreville. These data were compared to those previously obtained with F₁ heterozygotes between two inbred laboratory strains (vestigial x Champetières, Allemand et al., 1976).Significant differences between strains were observed for all the characters considered. Moreover, the responses to the light regimes changed with the genotypes and the characters studied (see Table 2 and Fig. 3) thus demonstrating their genetic independence. In the cases where the treatments had a significant effect, the maximum total egg production was observed in darkness while the maximum egg-hatchability took place under LD 12 : 12. Possible genetic variation within species should always be taken into account in ecophysiological studies.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Die Orchideen. By R udolf S chlechter . Ed. by F. G. B rieger , R. M aatsch and K. S enghas .
A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names . By A. W. S mith . Revised and enlarged by W illiam T. S tearn and I. L. L. S mith .
Plant Geography of the Pacific. By M. M. J. van B algooy .
Einführung in die Pflanzensoziologie. By R. K napp .
Taxonomy of Fungi Imperfecti (Proceedings of the First International Specialists' Workshop Conference on Criteria and Terminology in the Classification of Fungi Imperfecti, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada). Ed. by B ryce K endrick .
Introduction to Plant Biochemistry. By T. W. G oodwin and E. I. M ercer .
Symposium on the Biochemical and Ecological Aspects of Plant-Parasite Relations. Ed. by Z. K iráaly and L. S zalay -M arzsó .
IVth Meeting of the International Council for the Study of Viruses and Virus Diseases of Grapevine, Colmar.
Some Common Flowering Plants of Uganda. By E. M. L ind and A. C. T allantire .     

Performance of several models for predicting budburst date of grapevine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> L.)

The budburst stage is a key phenological stage for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), with large site and cultivar variability. The objective of the present work was to provide a reliable agro-meteorological model for simulating grapevine budburst occurrence all over France. The study was conducted using data from ten cultivars of grapevine (Cabernet Sauvignon, Chasselas, Chardonnay, Grenache, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Sauvignon, Syrah, Ugni Blanc) and five locations (Bordeaux, Colmar, Angers, Montpellier, Epernay). First, we tested two commonly used models that do not take into account dormancy: growing degree days with a base temperature of 10°C (GDD₁₀), and Riou’s model (RIOU). The errors of predictions of these models ranged between 9 and 21 days. Second, a new model (BRIN) was studied relying on well-known formalisms for orchard trees and taking into account the dormancy period. The BRIN model showed better performance in predicting budburst date than previous grapevine models. Analysis of the components of BRIN formalisms (calculation of dormancy, use of hourly temperatures, base temperature) explained the better performances obtained with the BRIN model. Base temperature was the main driver, while dormancy period was not significant in simulating budburst date. For each cultivar, we provide the parameter estimates that showed the best performance for both the BRIN model and the GDD model with a base temperature of 5°C.     

温带地区表土植硅体对温度的响应

植硅体的现代过程研究是利用植硅体这一指标精准恢复区域古植被、古气候的前提和关键环节,探讨表土植硅体组合的空间分布特征及其对环境因子的响应尤为重要.本研究在东北地区沿着年降水量为600 mm等降水线采集54块表土样品,研究单一温度控制下表土植硅体的空间分布规律,以期寻找对温度比较敏感的植硅体类型.结果表明:54块表土样品...     

Comparing development with physical fitness, motor ability, and health of children among various living environment

This study had the purpose to compare with development of fitness, motor ability and health among various living environments of the sea-side, the urban, and the mountain districts, where were situated at Nadachi town on the suburbs of Niigata Prefecture. Five hundred thirty-five children (aged 4-15 yrs) were measured at the kindergarten, the fundamental school, and the junior high school. Measuring items of the physique were the height, the weight, the chest circumference, the sitting height, and the foot area. Physical fitness tests were the muscular grip-strength, the lung vital capacity, the closed-eye single-leg balance, the dipping time of the upper extremity, the vertical jump, the standing trunk flexibility, the endurance run, and pull-up. And, motor ability tests were the finger tapping, 5m shuttle run, 50m dash, and the ball throwing. As items of health inspection, the blood pressure (systolic and diasystolic) and the visual ability were adopted. As results of this study, following data were obtained; 1) At the sea-side environment, development of the muscle power, the respiratory function, and the physique were showed much faster rate of growth at the childhood than that of the other ones, significantly (P less than 0.01). 2) At the mountain environment, the arch-bend of the foot print only were appeared larger areas than that of the other ones, significantly (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

长白山某些树种叶子的分解动态研究

 在长白山针阔叶混交林下,红松、蒙古栎、春榆、白桦、山杨、色木及紫椴叶分解至300天时,其重量损失百分数分别为24.2,37.6,30.8,44.47,50.6及55.6。在分解过程中,每种叶子的重量损失同该叶子的木质素、水溶性物质、全碳及全氮的变化成线性相关(R=0.99**)。在叶子分解前期,木质素、N素的绝对量有所增加,而水溶性物质则急剧减少。除紫椴叶外,其它几种叶子在分解过程中氮的含量有一定增加。但是,当红松、蒙古栎、春榆、白桦、山杨及色木叶中N素浓度分别为0.96%,1.41%,2.38%,1.67%,1.32%及1.32%时,则开始了N素的矿化释放。     

Integrated population genetic and medical genetic study of two raions of the Tver oblast

An integrated medical genetic an population genetic study has been performed in two raions (administrative districts) of the Tver oblast (region) of Russia: the Udomlya raion located in the zone affected by the Kalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant and the Ostashkov raion, which served as a control district. No significant differences has been found with respect to the genetic parameters studied. The values of these parameters in the populations of the town of Udomlya, the town of Ostashkov, the Udomlya raion, and the Ostashkov raion, respectively, are the following: random inbreeding, 0.00006, 0.00011, 0.000167, and 0.000366; endogamy index, 0.05, 0.43, 0.30, and 0.42; local inbreeding, 0.0003, 0.00045, 0.0009, and 0.0011; the degree of isolation by distance, 0.0003, 0.00045, 0.0009, and 0.0005; sigma, 2098, 1338, 1473, and 1189; the load of autosomal dominant (AD) diseases, 0.71, 0.92, 0.92, and 1.37; the load of autosomal recessive (AR) diseases, 0.68, 0.69, 0.67, and 0.82; and the load of X-linked diseases, 0.18, 0.64, 0.83, and 0.27.     

生境空气质量测定与评价指标

该指标系统规定了空气生境指数(Air entironment index,简称AEI)、生境空气质量分级、采样点及取值时间,采样与分析方法及数据统计的有效性规定。空气生境指数(AEI)的测定与评价的十个项目:空气洁净度(CI)、空气新鲜度(T)、植物精气浓度、人均绿地面积、绿地植物覆盖率、硬质覆盖率、水体覆盖率、界外植物覆盖率、移植植物树龄或原生植物树龄、植物种类和植物景观。本手册适用于住区生境空气质量评价。住区生境空气质量分为五级:5A级空气质量住区;4A级空气质量住区;3A级空气质量住区;2A级空气质量住区;1A级空气质量住区。     

洞庭湖流域中上游地区景观格局变化的水文响应

将洞庭湖流域中上游地区1980、1995和2000年的Landsat MSS和TM卫星照片解译所得的景观数据,与经过最大似然估计法“消噪”的湘、资、沅、澧四水入湖水文站的年内最高洪峰水位、最大瞬时流量、年入湖径流量和年入湖泥沙量数据进行Paneldata模型处理,并对处理后的景观和水文数据进行灰色分析和主成分分析。结果表明：研究区最高洪峰水位的变化受景观格局变化影响最大,入湖泥沙量的变化受景观格局变化影响最小。对最高洪峰水位变化影响最大的是山地水田、水库坑塘和灌木林地疏林地景观面积的变化,影响指数值分别达-48．5、-48．1和45．2;对最大瞬时流量变化影响最大的是水库坑塘、水田（山地水田除外）和灌木林地疏林地景观面积的变化,影响指数值分别达-41．9、41．2和41．2。有林地景观因林分差和林种结构单一,对各水文特征指标变化的影响较小,影响指数值分别仅为-10．1、-13．5和-14．5。     

Screening of Native Hyperaccumulators at the Huayuan River Contaminated by Heavy Metals

Plant, soil, and sediment samples were taken from the Fuqiao area within the Huayuan River basin in South China. Concentrations of manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead in the samples were measured, and the characteristics of the plant samples to absorb, transfer, and accumulate the target metals were analyzed. It was indicated that the concentrations of target metals in 13 plant samples greatly exceeded the background values of target metals in plants over the world, and that the plant species might evolve to the accumulating ecotypes for the target metals under the long-term stress from the contaminated environment. Among 13 plant species, Alternanthera philoxeroides exhibited the highest accumulation capacities for the target metals, amounting to 6511, 13,784, 155, and 104 mg/kg in its shoots for manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead, respectively. Its bioaccumulation coefficients for manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead were 5.08, 49.23, 36.78, and 34.81, respectively, and its transfer factors for manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead were 7.53, 3.19, 7.38, and 1.29, respectively. The results showed that Alternanthera philoxeroides satisfied the criteria for the hyperaccumulator for zinc and cadmium, and that it might be a potential native plant species for phytoremediation of the contaminated soil, sediment, and river water by the target metals within the basin.     

青藏高原白垩纪双壳类生物地理

青藏高原白垩纪沉积见于６条东西向延伸的条带内。双壳类主要发育于这些条带的Ｂｅｒｒｉａｓｉａｎ,Ａｐｔｉａｎ－Ａｌｂｉａｎ,Ｃｅｎｏｍａｎｉａｎ－Ｔｕｒｏｎｉａｎ,Ｃｏｎｉａｃｉａｎ－Ｓａｎｔｏｎｉａｎ和Ｃａｍｐａｎｉａｎ－Ｍａａｓｔｒｉｃｈｔｉａｎ５个时期的地层。雅鲁藏布江缝合线为白垩纪双壳类地理分布的主要控制界线。早白垩世期间,雅鲁藏布江缝合带以南的喜马拉雅地区的双壳类Ｐｅｔｒｏｃｅｒａｍｕｓ,     

The effect of neurotropic substances on the self-stimulation reaction at the thalamic level]

The effect of d-amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, morphine, imipramine, phenobarbital, LSD-25, benactyzine, meprobamate, diazepam, chloridiazepoxide on the lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation of rats was investigated. D-amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, morphine, imipramine decreased the threshold of selfstimulation. Meprobamate, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide failed to influence this index, but increase the intensity of self-stimulation during the threshold, the optimum and more than the optimum cirrent intensity. Benactyzine, LSD-25, phenobarbital decreased the threshold and increased the frequency of self-stimulation during all the current intensities. A comparative study of the above results showed the agents of the first group to exert a direct stimulating action on the positive reinforcement system. Tranquillizers activated this system due to their depressive action on the negative reinforcement system. Benactyzine, LSD-25, phenobarbital activated the system and depressed the system of negative reinforcement.     

Aneuploidy analysis of non-pronuclear embryos from IVF with use of array CGH: a case report

By using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), to analyze the aneuploidy of the single blastomeres from non-pronuclear embryos on cleavage-stage in IVF cycle. Four non-pronuclear embryos were got from an IVF cycle, and the each single cell was biopsied from the four cleavage-stage embryos on the third day after the insemination which was investigated by using array CGH. After the biopsy, all the embryos continued to cleave, and lately entered the morula stage on the fifth day, just one embryo 3 was developed to early blastocyst stage on the sixth day. The four blastomere 24 chromosomes showed one X monomer and three normal XY diploids; the autosome chromosomes of blastomeres were abnormally gained or lost at different chromosome from four embryos, such as Embryo 1 : 49,X (?1, ?5, ?11, ?19, ?20, ?21, ?Y, +3, +6, +7, +8, +10, +13, +14, +16, +17, +18); Embryo 2 : 44,XY (?12, ?15); Embryo 3: 47,XY (?3, ?8, ?9, ?21, +7, +17, +18, +19, +20); Embryo 4 : 54,XY (+4, +7, +10, +12, +13, +16, +17, +22). With the use of the array CGH, the aneuploidy analysis could review the abnormal chromosomes of single blastomere from the non-pronuclear embryos, which can harbor the risk of abnormal sex chromosome and autosome chromosomes.     

Effects of soil, climate, and their interaction on some neutral volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves from high quality tobacco planting regions of Hunan Province

A pot experiment with the soils from Yongzhou, Liuyang, and Sangzhi, the high-quality tobacco planting regions of Hunan Province, was conducted to study the effects of climate, soil, and their interaction on some neutral volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The contents of test neutral volatile aroma components in the flue-cured tobacco leaves were of medium variation, and the variation intensity was decreased in the order of dihydroactinolide, damascenone, furfural, total megastigmatrienone, and beta-ionone. Climate, soil, and their interaction affected the neutral volatile aroma components in different degrees. The furfural content was most affected by climate, the damascenone content was most affected by climate and by soil, the total megastigmatrienone and beta-ionone contents were most affected by the interaction of soil and climate, while the dihydroactinolide content was less affected by soil, climate, and their interaction. The contribution of climate, soil, and their interaction to the contents of the five aroma components was 40.82%, 20.67%, and 38.51%, respectively. During different growth periods of tobacco, different climate factors had different effects on the neutral volatile aroma components. The rainfall, cloudiness, and mean air temperature at rooting stage, the diurnal temperature amplitude, sunshine time, and evaporation at vigorous growth stage, and the rainfall, evaporation, and mean air temperature at maturing stage were the top three climate factors affecting the contents of the neutral volatile aroma components in flue-tobacco leaves. For the soil factors, the available potassium, available phosphorus, and pH were the top three factors affecting the contents of the five components.