用硝酸纤维素膜亲和法纯化抗体

介绍一种改进的纯化抗体方法。将抗原蛋白固定在硝酸纤维素膜上,然后对抗体进行亲和纯化,能快速有效获得高特异性抗体。     

A蛋白亲和色谱法纯化动物血清抗体的效果比较

比较Hitrap A蛋白琼脂糖凝胶亲和色谱系统,对不同动物血清或抗血清抗体的纯化效率,提供选择抗体纯化方法的依据。该方法简使快速,纯化的抗体纯度高,能较好地保持抗体免疫学活性。色谱柱反复使用40多次,纯化抗体效率不变。但A蛋白对不同动物血清的IgG吸附能力不同,对兔和豚鼠的血清抗体吸附能力强,而对小鼠、山羊和驴的血清抗体吸附能力较弱。说明虽然该方法纯化的抗体纯度高,但它对动物品种有选择。因此,应根据动物品种,选择适合的纯化方法。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2抗体的制备及纯化

骨形态发生蛋白-2是骨科研究领域的重要生物蛋白。用重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP₂)与BSA连接成复合物作为免疫原,免疫家兔制备出多克隆抗血清。分别用免疫沉淀法和Sepharose4B-BSA反向免疫亲和吸附法去除抗血清中载体BSA抗体。用盐析法和蛋白层析法纯化出抗rhBMP₂抗体。研究发现,家兔产生高效价抗体的最佳时间为14-16周,从rhBMP₂抗体的特异性、相对纯度及回收率综合分析,免疫沉淀法去除BSA抗体优于反相亲和吸附法。     

G蛋白亲和色谱法纯化动物血清、抗体效果比较

比较 Hitrap G蛋白 Sepharose亲和色谱系统对不同动物血清或腹水的纯化效果 ,为抗体纯化提供依据。结果显示 ,G蛋白对不同动物血清 Ig G吸附能力不同 ,体现在单位体积抗体回收量明显不同 ,这一特点与 A蛋白亲和色谱系统相似。该方法简便快速 ,纯化抗体纯度高 ,免疫活性好 ,色谱柱可反复使用多次     

免疫磁珠技术分离唾液A/B血型抗原并用于吸附血清A/B抗体

目的:应用免疫磁珠分离技术获得具有良好抗原性的A/B血型抗原,并探究其作为ABO血型抗体吸附剂去除A/B抗体的可行性。方法:将含有血型物质的唾液进行预处理,再与包被了抗体的磁珠混合,分离出纯度较高的A/B抗原,运用酶联免疫及凝集抑制试验验证所得抗原的抗原性及是否存在交叉反应。用未纯化A/B抗原和纯化A/B抗原包被磁珠,对含有抗A/B IgM、IgG的血清进行抗体吸附,用纯化A/B抗原对100份来自O型血孕妇的临床血清样本进行抗体吸附,分别评价其吸附效果。结果:纯化抗原与对应抗体反应后,其吸光度显著高于对照组(A抗原与A抗体0.85±0.12 vs.0.27±0.03,P0.01;B抗原与B抗体0.86±0.09 vs.0.24±0.06,P0.01),与其它类型抗体反应后的吸光度值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。进行红细胞凝集抑制试验时,纯化抗原可显著抑制相应抗体与红细胞的凝集反应,对其它类型抗体与红细胞的凝集没有抑制作用。血清抗体吸附实验表明纯化抗原的吸附效率比未纯化抗原的高(97.00%vs.88.00%,P0.001)。临床样本抗体吸附实验显示,纯化A抗原对抗A IgM/IgG的吸附效率分别为96.88%、98.44%;纯化B抗原对抗B IgM/IgG的吸附效率分别为96.88%、98.44%。结论:磁珠纯化抗原能特异性地与对应抗体结合,有效吸附血清中的血型抗体,有望作为合成A/B抗原的替代品。     

牛血清白蛋白对Cu+与δ-MnO2间吸附平衡性质的影响

研究了溶液中牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的存在对Cu2 与δ-MnO2间吸附平衡性质的影响,旨在增进人们对Cu2 环境化学行为的认识.结果表明:BSA存在下,Cu2 在δ-MnO2表面的吸附率-pH曲线呈典型的"S"形,加入BSA使Cu2 的吸附突跃向高pH方向移动,影响程度与BSA的加入方式有关,其次序为Ⅳ(先加BSA后加Cu2 )＞Ⅲ(Cu2 和BSA同时加)≈Ⅱ((先加Cu2 后加BSA);BSA存在下,Cu2 的等温吸附线遵循Langmuir等温吸附方程,Cu2 的饱和吸附量随BSA浓度的增大而减小,并随BSA的加入方式而改变,其次序为Ⅰ(不加BSA)＞Ⅱ≈Ⅲ＞Ⅳ;Cu2 在δ-MnO2上的饱和吸附量随温度的升高而增大.在pH=3.0条件下,Cu2 在δ-MnO2上的吸附是完全可逆的,但pH=5.0的条件下,吸附是不可逆的,BSA对Cu2 的吸附可逆性没有影响.     

BSA与α-MnO2及δ-MnO2间的界面吸附作用

比较研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与α-MnO2和δ-MnO2的界面吸附作用及其影响因素。结果表明,BSA在两种MnO2颗粒物表面有明显的吸附,且δ-MnO2比α-MnO2对BSA的吸附能力略强。pH3.8~8.0范围内,BSA在α-MnO2和δ-MnO2上的吸附率随pH的升高而减小,pH3.8条件下,α-MnO2上的吸附率为88.2%,δ-MnO2上的吸附率为94.0%。BSA在α-MnO2和δ-MnO2上的吸附量均随BSA浓度的增加而增大,吸附率随NaCl浓度的增加而减小。BSA在α-MnO2上的吸附具有很高的不可逆性,δ-MnO2上的吸附完全不可逆。吸附过程中BSA发生解螺旋作用,引起结构熵增大。     

原位椭圆偏振术研究牛血清清蛋白在固/液界面的吸附

用原位椭圆偏振术系统研究了硅片表面因素及缓冲液环境因素对牛血清清蛋白在固/液界面吸附的影响。在生理条件下,疏水表面与亲水表面相比BSA吸附量较大。随着硅片表面电荷密度增加,BSA吸附量增加。BSA吸附量当体溶液pH值等于BSA等电点时达到最大。而随着体溶液离子强度增加,BSA吸附量亦上升。实验结果提示:除了熵驱动作用之外,硅片表面与BSA分子及BSA分子之间的静电作用在BSA吸附中起着十分重要的作用。     

ANKRD17蛋白抗体的制备、纯化及检测

目的：制备ANKRD17（P260）蛋白的兔多克隆抗体,以与抗原相结合的方法进行抗体的纯化,并利用纯化的抗体对该蛋白进行细胞内免疫荧光检测。方法：构建表达GST—ANKRD17C端融合蛋白的质粒,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达;制备GST—ANKRD17C端抗原融合蛋白后免疫家兔,对获得的兔多克隆抗血清进行亲和纯化;纯化后的抗体经过Western blot鉴定,用于细胞免疫荧光染色检测。结果：获得较高效价的血清抗体,并对血清抗体进行了纯化;利用纯化的抗体对ANKRD17蛋白进行了细胞内免疫荧光检测,发现改蛋白定位于细胞质中。结论：制备得到的纯化抗体为研究ANKRD17蛋白的功能打下了必要的基础。     

表面改性的纳米Fe3O4颗粒用于抗血清快速分离纯化

采用硅烷化试剂Si(OC2H5)3C3H6NH2(APTES)对纳米Fe3O4颗粒表面进行氨基化改性后, 考察了不同浓度偶联剂戊二醛对于颗粒表面固定牛血清白蛋白(BSA)量的影响。此超顺磁性免疫铁颗粒(SPIO)加入兔抗BSA血清中特异性结合BSA抗体后, 用Gly-HCl缓冲液洗脱得到IgG。结果表明当戊二醛浓度大于10%时, 单位颗粒固定蛋白的量达到最大值约140 mg/mg, 10 min, 15 mg的SPIO即可将1 mL抗血清完全分离, 经过两次快速洗脱, 颗粒表面吸附的抗体即可得到纯化; 琼脂扩散实验表明分离后的抗体仍保持较高活性, SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明用此方法纯化后的兔抗BSA IgG纯度大于99%, 比传统的(NH4)2SO4法有了较大提高, 但纯化量并没有减少; SPIO在经过五次重复利用后仍能保持78%以上的分离效果。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.