白灵菇液体发酵条件研究初报

通过对白灵菇液体摇瓶发酵的研究 ,确定了适宜白灵菇液体培养的条件为 :装液量为 15 0ml(5 0 0ml)、接种量为 10 %、pH值为 5 .0～ 6 .0、CMC浓度为 0 .4 % ;并通过发酵罐培养 ,研究其发酵过程中的pH值、溶氧值 (DO)的变化。     

不同温度条件下白灵菇、杏鲍菇及其杂交菌株的生长情况

对5份白灵菇菌株、5份杏鲍菇菌株和3份杂交菌株进行了栽培出菇试验,比较分析了不同温度条件下白灵菇、杏鲍菇及其杂交菌株的生长情况。试验结果表明,在4~24℃范围内,白灵菇与杏鲍菇的菌丝体生长速度与温度的变化呈正相关,最适合菌丝体生长的温度为22℃。4~24℃范围内,白灵菇的原基形成周期与温度呈V型曲线变化,12~14℃原基形成周期最短;杏鲍菇的原基形成周期与温度呈负相关,随着温度的升高原基形成周期变短,22~24℃原基形成周期最短。3份杂交菌株11D、53D、70D的原基形成周期与其对应亲本白灵菇菌株的原基形成周期差异极显著(P0.01)。白灵菇子实体形成最短周期所需温度为12~14℃,而杏鲍菇子实体形成最短周期所需温度为22~24℃,3份杂交菌株11D、53D、70D的子实体形成周期与其对应亲本白灵菇菌株的子实体形成周期差异极显著(P0.01)。     

冬虫夏草原生质体形成和再生的初步研究

研究冬虫夏草菌丝体的菌龄、酶种类、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH、稳渗剂和几种再生培养基对原生质体形成和再生的影响。最佳条件为 :生长 6d的菌丝体 ,组合酶 (1%蜗牛酶 +1%纤维素酶 ) ,酶解温度 36℃ ,酶解时间 2 .5h,pH6 .4 ,稳渗剂 0 .4M甘露醇溶液 ,RM3再生培养基。在此条件下原生质体的形成为 2 .0 4× 10 9个 ml,再生率为 0 .0 91%。     

酒精废水发酵生产白地霉（续上期）

2　结果和讨论2 1　糖蜜酒精废水稀释倍数对摇瓶发酵产率的影响 :糖蜜酒精废水虽然含有丰富有机质 ,但是也含有大量酵母的代谢废物和一些未知的毒素杂质 ,对白地霉的生长有一定影响 ,为此进行了废水的稀释倍数试验 (表 1 )。表 1　废水稀释倍数对白地霉生长的影响稀释倍数 (倍 ) 稀释后还原糖浓度 (% ) 菌丝体干重(ｇ/2 0 0ｍｌ) 菌丝体干重得率 (% )0 (对照 ) 1 60 0 760 3 80 2 1 3 3 1 12 0 5 60 3 1 2 3 1 0 2 0 5 10 41 14 0 90 0 450 5 1 0 60 82 0 411 0 0 80 0 780 3 9　　从表 1可以看出稀释 0 2倍的白地霉产量最…     

蛹虫草液体培养条件优化及有效成分含量分析

为优化蛹虫草菌的液体培养条件,对蛹虫草菌丝体进行液体摇瓶培养。以干菌丝体得率为指标,对影响发酵产量的重要因子设计正交试验,得出最佳培养条件。在最优条件下扩大培养,检测此时菌丝体中虫草素及虫草多糖含量。结果表明:蛹虫草菌丝体液体发酵的最适条件为:接种量10 % (v/v) ,发酵初始pH7 0 ,发酵温度2 7℃,发酵时间96h。扩大培养后,测得菌丝体中虫草素的含量为5 1 785mg/10 0g ,虫草精多糖含量为1 92g/10 0g。     

过路黄的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　过路黄 (Lysimachiachristinae)。2　材料类别　茎段。3　培养条件　芽生长培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA 0 .5mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +IBA 0 .2。增殖培养基 :( 2 )MS+ 6 BA 1 .0 +IBA 0 .2 ;( 3)MS + 6 BA 1 .5 +IBA 0 .5 ;( 4 )MS + 6 BA 1 .5 +NAA 0 .5。生根培养基 :( 5 )MS ;( 6)MS +IBA 0 .1。所用培养基均加 0 .8%～ 0 .9%琼脂、3%白砂糖 ,pH 5 .6～5 .8,培养温度为 ( 2 5± 2 )℃ ,相对湿度 65 %～ 75 % ,光照 1 2～ 1 4h·d- 1 ,光照度 1 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0lx。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得　选取秦…     

头孢霉AL031真菌氨基酸和无机元素分析

从一产生光敏活性物质的头孢霉AL0 31真菌的菌丝体和发酵液中 ,测得 1 6种氨基酸 ,总含量分别为 1 5.53%和 0 .0 1 5%。该真菌菌丝体中含 1 4种无机元素 ,发酵液中有无机元素 1 2种。以上结果 ,为进一步探讨该真菌的开发应用价值提供了依据。     

蛹虫草液体培养条件的优化及生长动力学考察

为了优化蛹虫草菌的液体培养条件 ,对液体培养菌丝的生长情况进行了研究。采用摇瓶培养的方法 ,以发酵得率为指标确定培养条件。结果表明 :优化培养基成分确定为蛋白胨 1.5 % ,葡萄糖 2 % ,KH2 PO4 0 .15 % ,Mg SO40 .0 5 %、VB1 5 m g/ L .2 ,4 - D 2 mg/ L .该培养基下发酵得率达 1.4～ 2 .2 g/ 10 0 m L ;考察了蛹虫草菌液体培养的外部条件 ,确定为 :装料系数为 30 % ,培养基 p H为 5 .5 ,接种量为 0 .0 3g,摇床振荡频率为 12 0 r· m in- 1 ;利用优化培养基得到了生长代谢曲线。在相同条件下 ,优化培养基比原来培养基的发酵得率提高了 4 .5 % ,研究初步得到蛹虫草菌液体培养条件和生长动力学 ,为工业化生产提供了一定的依据     

重瓣矮牵牛的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　重瓣矮牵牛 (Petuniahybrida)。2　材料类别　花朵。3　培养条件　培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA 1 .0mg·L- 1(单位下同 ) +NAA 0 .1 ;( 2 )MS + 6 BA 2 .0 +NAA0 .1 ;( 3)MS + 6 BA 0 .5 +NAA 0 .1 ;( 4 )MS + 6 BA0 .5 +NAA 0 .0 2 ;( 5 ) 1 /2MS +NAA 0 .5 ;( 6) 1 /2MS+NAA 1 .0。上述培养基均加入 0 .7%琼脂 ;( 1 )～( 4 )加 3%蔗糖 ,( 5 )和 ( 6)加 2 %蔗糖 ;pH 5 .8。培养温度为 ( 2 5± 2 )℃ ;光照度 1 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0lx ,光照1 4h·d- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得　从田间选取生长健壮、…     

红果冬青的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　红果冬青 (Ｅｕｏｎｙｍｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａｓｃｖ .“ｈｏｎｇ”)。2　材料类别　带腋芽的茎段。3　培养条件　 (1 )预分化培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .5 3 %蔗糖 0 .6 5 %琼脂 ;(2 )分化和继代培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ1 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .5 3 %蔗糖 0 .6 5 %琼脂 ;(3 )生根培养基 :1 / 2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .2 2 %蔗糖 0 .6 %琼脂。培养基ｐＨ值为 6 .0 ,培养温度 2 0 2 5℃ ,每天光照 1 2ｈ ,光照度 2 0 0 0ｌｘ。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得　将顶芽或带腋芽的茎段剪去叶片 ,留…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.