大兴安岭森林草原过渡带白桦及主要草本植物生态位关系的研究

以白桦、日阴菅及其它主要草本植物的个体数量为指标,分析了各植物种群在土壤有机质,速效P和pH值3个资源维上的生态位宽度和生态位重叠及其在不同海拔条件下的变化规律。日阴菅生态位宽度随海拔升高而增大,其余植物种类在有机质资源维上的生态位宽度,大都是以中等海拔（800m)的样带最宽,而在速效P资源维上,又以中等海拔的样带为最窄,由于高海拔及相应低气温在某种程度上限制了植物种群在土壤有机质和速效P的利用,主要植物种对之间在这两个资源维上的生态位重叠以高海拔（950m)样带为最小,在土壤pH值资源维上,溪荪与其它主要植物种间的生态位重叠皆以低海拔（650m)样带为最小,可能是其特殊的环境组合迫使溪荪发生了生态位移动,大多数种对在土壤有机质,速效P和pH值3个资源维上都以海拔800m的样带生态位重叠最大。     

不同密度杉木林对林下植被和土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为揭示土壤养分和细菌群落对林下植被调控的响应机制, 调查了浙江开化3种林分密度(高密度(KH)、中密度(KM)和低密度(KL))的17年生杉木人工林林下植被和生物量, 测定土壤理化性质, 并基于16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析细菌群落结构变化。结果表明, 3种密度的杉木林下植被地上部分总生物量为0.10-2.10 t·hm^-2, 且优势植物物种差异显著。理化性质测定分析发现, 高密度与低密度林分的土壤pH、有效磷含量差异显著。相关性分析表明, 土壤pH与林下植被中草本、灌木生物量及总生物量均呈显著正相关关系, 土壤有机质含量与灌木植被生物量及林下植被总生物量呈显著正相关关系, 速效钾含量与灌木植被生物量呈显著正相关关系。土壤微生物群落结构分析可知, 3种密度杉木林地土壤中酸杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门为优势菌群, 总相对丰度占比超过80%。冗余分析(RDA)表明土壤pH、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量是土壤细菌群落结构变化的关键影响因素。酸杆菌门的优势亚群为Gp2、Gp1、Gp3和Gp6, 占酸杆菌群的51.32%-57.38%, 且随林分密度降低, 林下植被增多, Gp1占比增大, Gp2和Gp6占比下降; Gp6相对丰度与pH呈极显著负相关关系。可见, 杉木纯林经营中适度降低林分密度有利于林下植被生长和良好细菌群落结构保持, 有利于维持杉木林地土壤肥力, 实现可持续经营。     

太白山巴山冷杉林主要树种与开花秦岭箭竹的空间点格局分析

采用单变量和双变量O-ring函数对太白山大熊猫栖息地巴山冷杉林主要树种的空间分布格局、种间关联性及其与林下开花箭竹的空间关联性进行了多尺度分析.结果表明: 巴山冷杉林中,巴山冷杉数量最多,但种群结构衰退,白桦种群相对年轻,种群结构稳定,红桦种群也呈衰退趋势;3个主要树种在小尺度上呈聚集分布,随尺度增加,逐渐表现为随机分布.3个树种的空间关联性主要表现在小尺度范围内,随尺度增加,空间分布格局逐渐表现为不关联;巴山冷杉和白桦与开花秦岭箭竹在大、中尺度内呈现正相关,而红桦与开花秦岭箭竹在大、中尺度上表现出负相关.大熊猫栖息地内乔木和林下秦岭箭竹共同推动森林的动态演替和发展,进而影响秦岭大熊猫栖息地的环境变化.     

关帝山寒温性针叶林土壤营养状况与林下更新关系研究

通过野外调查与实验室分析相结合的方法,对关帝山山地寒温性针叶林下更新幼苗数量与土壤pH值、氨态氮、有效磷、速效钾进行了调查和分析测定,对华北落叶松和云杉林下更新幼苗数量与土壤因子的关系进行相关分析,并对林下更新与其主要影响因子之间的对应关系进行了分析。结果表明,在调查分析的土壤营养状况范围内,华北落叶松林下更新幼苗数量与土壤pH值、氨态氮含量呈负相关,与有效磷、速效钾含量呈正相关,4个因子对华北落叶松幼苗更新的影响强度为:土壤pH值>氨态氮>速效钾>有效磷,土壤pH值和氨态氮是影响其林下更新的主要因子,华北落叶松的适宜林下更新的土壤pH值为6.5～6.7,土壤氨态氮含量为9.3～11.5mg·L-1;云杉林下更新幼苗数量与林下土壤pH值呈负相关,与氨态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均呈正相关,4个因子对云杉林下更新的影响强度为:有效磷>速效钾>氨态氮>土壤pH值,有效磷和速效钾是影响林下更新的主要因子,云杉更新适宜的有效磷含量为14.0～16.0mg·L-1,速效钾含量为119～153mg·L-1。在此基础上就今后研究应解决的主要问题提出了建议。     

马尾松人工林林分密度对林下植被及土壤性质的影响

采用样方调查及取样分析方法,研究广西大青山南亚热带不同密度马尾松人工林林下植被及土壤特征.结果表明:马尾松人工林自然发育14 a后,林分密度从1050 株·hm^-2增加到1800株·hm^-2,林下灌木层物种多样性指数增高.密度为1800 株·hm^-2时,多样性指数最高.当林分密度继续增大到2250 株·hm^-2,灌木层物种多样性指数却呈降低趋势.林下草本物种多样性指数对林分密度变化的响应不敏感;在林分密度影响下,林下灌木生物量与灌木层物种多样性指数变化规律一致.随着林分密度的增大,林下草本生物量呈降低趋势;不同密度马尾松人工林土壤理化特性差异显著(P<0.05).除全K、速效K和速效P外,土壤表层(0～20 cm)养分含量与林下灌木层物种多样性指数变化趋势一致.不同密度林地速效K和速效P含量变化波动较大.密度为2100 株·hm^-2的林分土壤 全P含量较高.中密度(1800 株·hm^-2)林地的土壤持水量和孔隙度均较高,土壤容重较低.     

Cu污染土壤中溪荪和花菖蒲的生长状况及对Cu的积累及转运能力

采用土壤栽培方法,研究了在Cu添加量为0(CK)、200、400、600、800和1 000μg·g-1的土壤中溪荪(Iris sanguinea Donn es Horn.)和花菖蒲(I.ensata Thunb.var.hortensis Makino et Nemoto)叶和根的数量、长度及生物量(干质量)6个生长指标的变化趋势,并对叶和根中的Cu含量和积累量、全株的Cu积累量、Cu的富集系数及转运系数进行了比较分析.结果表明:随土壤中Cu添加量的提高,溪荪的根数逐渐降低且显著低于对照;而溪荪的其余5个生长指标和花菖蒲的6个生长指标均总体呈现出在Cu添加量较低的条件下逐渐增加并显著高于对照、在Cu添加量较高的条件下逐渐减小且显著小于对照的变化趋势;其中在Cu添加量1 000μg·g-1的土壤中2种植物的生长均受到显著抑制(P＜0.05);而添加400和600μg·g-1Cu则分别对2种植物的生长有一定的促进作用.随土壤中Cu添加量的增加,溪荪和花菖蒲叶及根中的Cu含量均逐渐提高;溪荪对Cu的富集系数和转运系数以及花菖蒲对Cu的富集系数均显著小于对照,而花菖蒲对Cu的转运系数则呈现在Cu添加量较低的条件下高于对照、Cu添加量较高的条件下低于对照并逐渐减小的趋势;在添加了Cu的土壤中,溪荪叶、根和全株对Cu的积累量均低于花菖蒲,但均显著高于对照,且2种植物根的Cu含量及积累量均大于叶片,表明溪荪和花菖蒲均具有一定的Cu积累能力,且主要积累在根中,花菖蒲对Cu的积累能力优于溪荪.综合分析结果显示:溪荪和花菖蒲不是Cu超积累植物,但对Cu胁迫均具有一定的耐性,且花菖蒲的耐性略强于溪荪;溪荪和花菖蒲分别适宜栽植于Cu含量400和600μg·g-1以下的土壤中,可用于轻度和中度Cu污染土壤的植物修复和环境美化.     

林分密度对云顶山柏木人工林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响

以成都云顶山柏木(Cupressus funebris)人工林为对象,采用典型样地法研究不同林分密度(1100、950、800、650、500株/hm~2)对林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质及林下物种多样性与土壤理化性质相关性的影响。结果表明:共发现维管植物168种,隶属75科140属。随林分密度的降低,灌木层多样性指数呈先增后减的单峰变化,在密度650株/hm~2出现峰值,草本层多样性指数呈先增后减再增再减的双峰变化,在密度950株/hm~2和650株/hm~2出现峰值。同时发现光照为影响林下植物多样性的重要因素。林分密度对土壤全氮、全钾、速效钾、有机质影响显著,有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾随林分密度降低呈先增后减的变化趋势。钾、氮、有机质与林下植被物种多样性关系最密切。结论:林分密度650株/hm~2为云顶山柏木人工林最适密度,该密度能较好的提高林下物种多样性和土壤肥力。     

环境因子对桂西南蚬木林下植被物种多样性变异的解释

探索林下植被分布格局及其影响因素, 对于天然林保护和森林生物多样性维持机制研究具有重要意义。本文以桂西南喀斯特地区不同蚬木(Excentrodendron tonkinense)天然成熟林为研究对象, 采用植物群落样方调查、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析和冗余分析(RDA)等方法, 研究了8个县市蚬木天然成熟林林下植被物种多样性的变异及其对土壤、地形和光照等环境因子的响应。结果表明, 林下植被中灌木层优势种主要有越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis)、鹅掌柴(Schefflera heptaphylla)、毛果翼核果(Ventilago calyculata), 以及乔木层幼苗如蚬木、广西澄广花(Orophea anceps)、岩樟(Cinnamomum saxatile)、金丝李(Garcinia paucinervis)等, 主要来自豆科、五加科、鼠李科、椴树科、番荔枝科、樟科、藤黄科和大戟科等; 草本层优势种主要有肾蕨(Nephrolepis cordifolia)、石山棕(Guihaia argyrata)、崖姜(Pseudodrynaria coronans)、柔枝莠竹(Microstegium vimineum)、水蔗草(Apluda mutica)、沿阶草(Ophiopogon bodinieri)等, 主要来自肾蕨科、棕榈科、槲蕨科、禾本科、百合科、铁角蕨科和鳞毛蕨科等。土壤pH值、土壤含水量(SWC)、土壤全钾(TK)、土壤全磷(TP)和坡度(SLO)是林下植被物种多样性的主要影响因素, 它们分别解释了林下植被物种多样性32.3%、16.1%、9.7%、8.6%和8.6%的变异。灌木丰富度、灌木多样性指数与TK、SWC、土壤pH值和TP显著负相关, 而草本丰富度、草本多样性指数则与TK显著正相关; 灌木密度、灌木盖度与土壤pH值显著正相关, 草本密度与SWC和TK显著正相关, 草本盖度与TP、TK显著正相关, 与坡度显著负相关。土壤和地形因素是影响林下植被物种多样性变异的最主要因素, 而林分冠层结构的影响较小, 土壤各因素对林下植被物种多样性的影响高于地形因素。     

宁南山区华北落叶松林下草本层群落特征及其影响因素

林下草本植物是森林生态系统的基本组成要素,对森林的更新、生态系统结构、功能的维持和提升具有重要作用,理解林下草本层群落特征及其影响因素,有助于构建理想的林-草结合模式。本研究以宁南山区泾源县无人为干扰的华北落叶松林人工林、间伐处理的华北落叶松林人工林和华北落叶松与白桦自然混交林为研究对象,探究林下草本层群落特征(物种多样性和地上生物量)及其与土壤理化特性(土壤容重、含水量、全碳含量、全氮含量及全磷含量)和林分结构(密度和郁闭度)的关系。结果表明：(1)与人工林相比,自然混交林林下草本植物组成最丰富(34种),且物种多样性和地上生物量也最高;(2)自然混交林林下土壤特性均优于人工林,但间伐处理的人工林林下土壤特性较无人为干扰的人工林土壤特性有显著提高;(3)冗余分析表明,林下草本层物种多样性主要与土壤含水量、土壤全碳、全氮和全磷含量呈正相关,与土壤容重、林分密度和郁闭度呈负相关,且林分密度、0～20 cm土层含水量对林下草本物种多样性有显著影响(P<0.05);(4)回归分析结果表明,0～20 cm土层的土壤特性、物种丰富度和优势度、林分密度及郁闭度显著影响林下草本地上生物量的积累...     

小兴安岭五种林型早春草本植物多样性及其环境解释

早春草本层植物作为草本层动态变化的早期阶段,是森林的重要组成部分,对于维持森林生态系统功能及其多样性具有重要意义。为探究小兴安岭地区早春草本层植物对人为干扰后引起的林型改变的响应,以黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区内的五种林型(白桦次生林(Betula platyphylla)、红松(Pinus koraiensis)人工林、落叶松(Larix gmelinii)人工林、阔叶红松择伐林以及阔叶红松林)为研究对象,分析林下早春草本层植物多样性的差异及其影响因素。结果显示：(1)研究区林下早春草本层植物共60种,隶属26科52属,林下优势种主要以银莲花(Anemone cathayensis)、东北羊角芹(Aegopodium alpestre)为主,五种林型早春草本层植物组成相似度较高;(2)五种林型不同生活史对策早春草本层植物的密度、盖度以及多样性指数均呈现显著差异;(3)土壤pH对早春生长期植物的密度、盖度及多样性指数,林下光对早春开花植物的密度和盖度以及早春展叶植物的多样性指数具有较高的解释率;(4)早春生长期植物的密度、盖度及多样性指数与土壤pH呈显著的正相关关系,其多样性指数与土壤全...     

中国生态地理区城市水资源利用效率时空分异特征

我国水资源面临的形势十分严峻,水资源短缺、水污染严重、水生态环境恶化等问题突出,已成为制约社会经济可持续发展的主要瓶颈。基于分类数据包络分析（Categorical DEA）对2007-2016年中国生态地理区城市水资源利用效率进行测算,对其时间变化、空间分布以及空间收敛性进行分析。结果表明：1）2007-2016年期间全国城市水资源利用效率总体处于低效率状态,随时间高低交错波动式发展,整体呈先降后升势态;2）生态地理区城市水资源利用综合效率由高到低依次为温带干旱区、温带半干旱区、温带半湿润区、温带湿润区、亚热带湿润区,呈西北向东南逐渐递减的空间分布格局,生态地理区纯技术效率区间差异较大,但空间分布规律不显著,区域规模效率间差距小,且无明显空间分布规律;3）纯技术效率低效是制约全国水资源利用综合效率提升的主要因素,生态地理区间纯技术效率巨大差距导致全国纯技术效率整体低效,也是全国水资源利用综合效率低效的根本原因;4）生态地理区水资源利用综合效率区域差距逐渐缩小,主要是因为高效率区域效率值向低效率区域靠拢,区域间低效向高效的"追赶效应"不明显。     

Changes in the background losses of woody plant foliage to insects during the past 60 years: are the predictions fulfilled?

The existing scenarios generally predict that herbivory will increase with climate warming. An analysis of the published data on the background foliar losses of woody plants to insects in natural ecosystems across the globe from 1952 to 2013 provided no support for this hypothesis. We detected no temporal trend in herbivory within the temperate climate zone and a significant decrease in herbivory in the tropics. From 1964 to 1990, herbivory in the tropics was 39% higher than in the temperate region, but these differences disappeared by the beginning of the 2000s. Thus, environmental changes have already disturbed one of the global ecological patterns—the decrease in herbivory with latitude—by affecting ecosystem processes differently in tropical and temperate climate zones.     

The invasive tree staghorn sumac affects soil N2‐fixing bacterial communities in north China

• Soil N₂‐fixing bacterial communities (SNB) can enhance soil N availability and the invasiveness of invaders. Some invaders display different degrees of invasion across different climate regions. Given that bacterial communities may change with different climate regions, it is important to understand soil micro‐ecological mechanisms driving the successful invasion of invaders across different climate regions.
• This study performed cross‐site comparisons to comprehensively analyse effects of the invasive tree staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.) on the structure of SNB. In north China, we selected three sites within two sampling regions (a warm temperate region and a cold temperate region).
• Staghorn sumac invasion did not significantly affect soil physicochemical properties and the diversity and richness of SNB. LEfSe analysis showed that numerous SNB taxa changed significantly during staghorn sumac invasion. This may be attributed in part to the selective effects of allelochemicals released by staghorn sumac via leaf litter and/or root exudates. Consequently, staghorn sumac invasion may alter the structure, rather than the diversity and richness, of SNB to facilitate its invasion process by establishing a favourable soil microenvironment in the invaded habitats. The number of species and richness of SNB under staghorn sumac invasion were significantly lower in the warm temperate region than in the cold temperate region. A possible reason for the increased diversity and richness of SNB under staghorn sumac invasion in the cold temperate region may be because staghorn sumac in the cold temperate region can provide more nutrients into the soil sub‐ecosystem, presumably to support a higher diversity and richness of SNB via the nutritional requirements of SNB.
• The changed structure of SNB under staghorn sumac invasion, especially across different climate regions, may play an important role in its successful invasion across most regions of north China.

     

Evolutionary history of a widespread tree species Acer mono in East Asia

East Asia has the most diverse temperate flora in the world primarily due to the lack of Pleistocene glaciation and the geographic heterogeneity. Although increasing phylogeography studies in this region provided more proofs in this issue, discrepancies and uncertainty still exist, especially in northern temperate deciduous broad‐leaved and coniferous mixed forest region (II). And a widespread plant species could reduce the complexity to infer the relationship between diversity and physiographical pattern. Hence, we studied the evolution history of a widespread temperate tree, Acer mono, populations in region II and the influence of physiographic patterns on intraspecific genetic diversity. Analyses of chloroplast sequences and nuclear microsatellites indicated high levels of genetic diversity. The diversity distribution was spatially heterogeneous and a latitudinal cline existed in both markers. The spatial distribution pattern between genetic diversity within A. mono and the diversity at species level was generally consistent. Western subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest subregion (IVb) had a unique ancient chloroplast clade (CP3) and a nuclear gene pool (GP5) with dominance indicating the critical role of this area in species diversification. Genetic data and ecological niche model results both suggested that populations in region II disappeared during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and recovered from south of Changbai Mt. and the Korean Peninsula. Two distribution centers were likely during the LGM, one in the north edge of warm temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forest region (III) and another in the south edge of region III. This was reflected by the genetic pattern with two spatially independent genetic groups. This study highlights the key role of region III in sustaining genetic diversity in the northern range and connecting diversity between southern and northern range. We elucidated the diversity relationship between vegetation regions which could facilitate the understanding of biodiversity origin and maintenance in East Asia.     

Climate-influenced boreotropical survival and rampant introgressions explain the thriving of New World grapes in the north temperate zone

The north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene, but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain uncertain. Moreover, it is becoming clear that hybridization/introgression is an important driving force of speciation in plant diversity. Here, we applied analyses from biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting based on geno...     

武功山地区种子植物区系研究

通过多次野外调查及资料整理,对武功山地区种子植物科、属、种的组成及区系特征进行了调查分析,为该区植物资源的保护以及植物分区提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)武功山地区共有种子植物166科、814属、2 079种,分别占江西省种子植物科、属、种总数的72.81%、61.11%、50.46%,其中裸子植物有7科、15属、19种,分别占江西裸子植物总数的77.78%、65.21%、54.28%。(2)武功山地区科包含12个分布区类型,热带成分占优势(70科,占57.96%),温带成分丰富(46科,38.65%);属包含14个分布区类型,热带成分略占优势(368属,49.40%),温带成分增加(354属,47.53%);种包含14个分布类型,热带分布性626种(31.04%),温带分布性663种(32.87%),温带成分略占优势;武功山地区植物成分具有热带向温带过渡的特点,并且热带和温带成分相互交融、渗透。(3)武功山地区种子植物具有单种和少种的科属较多,具有起源古老的特点,其中单种属有414属,占总属数的50.86%。中国特有成分有4科、23属、728种。(4)与相邻的15个代表性区系比较表明,武功山地区种类较为丰富,聚类分析表明该区系与黄山、庐山、武夷山、井冈山等地区的关系很密切,与秦岭、西双版纳和高黎贡山的区系关系最疏远。     

Sex and tissue‐specific evolution of developmental plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster

Developmental plasticity influences the size of adult tissues in insects. Tissues can have unique responses to environmental perturbation during development; however, the prevalence of within species evolution of tissue‐specific developmental plasticity remains unclear. To address this, we studied the effects of temperature and nutrition on wing and femur size in D. melanogaster populations from a temperate and tropical region. Wings were more sensitive to temperature, while wings and femurs were equally responsive to nutrition in both populations and sexes. The temperate population was larger under all conditions, except for femurs of starved females. In line with this, we observed greater femur size plasticity in response to starvation in temperate females, leading to differences in sexual dimorphism between populations such that the slope of the reaction norm of sexual dimorphism in the tropical population was double that of the temperate population. Lastly, we observed a significant trend for steeper slopes of reaction norms in temperate than in tropical females, but not in males. These findings highlight that plasticity divergence between populations can evolve heterogeneously across sexes and tissues and that nutritional plasticity can alter sexual dimorphism in D. melanogaster.     

Bacterial diversity of Taxus rhizosphere: culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches

The regional variability of Taxus rhizosphere bacterial community composition and diversity was studied by comparative analysis of three large 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the Taxus rhizosphere in different regions of China (subtropical and temperate regions). One hundred and forty-six clones were screened for three libraries. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the abundance of sequences affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria was higher in the library from the T. xmedia rhizosphere of the temperate region compared with the subtropical Taxus mairei rhizosphere. On the other hand, Acidobacteria was more abundant in libraries from the subtropical Taxus mairei rhizosphere. Richness estimates and diversity indices of three libraries revealed major differences, indicating a higher richness in the Taxus rhizosphere bacterial communities of the subtropical region and considerable variability in the bacterial community composition within this region. By enrichment culture, a novel Actinobacteria strain DICP16 was isolated from the T. xmedia rhizosphere of the temperate region and was identified as Leifsonia shinshuensis sp. via 16S rRNA gene and gyrase B sequence analyses. DICP16 was able to remove the xylosyl group from 7-xylosyl-10-deacetylbaccatin III and 7-xylosyl-10-deacetylpaclitaxel, thereby making the xylosyltaxanes available as sources of 10-deacetylbaccatin III and the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Taken together, the present studies provide, for the first time, the knowledge of the biodiversity of microorganisms populating Taxus rhizospheres.     

The region effect on mesoscale plant species richness between eastern Asia and eastern North America

The greater number of plant species in temperate eastern Asia compared to eastern North America has been ascribed to both local environment and regional characteristics, but the relative contributions of each have not been resolved. In this analysis, we related species richness of flowering plants in mesoscale floras (<10⁴ km²) dominated by temperate forest vegetation to area, elevation, latitude, and several climate variables. When analyses were conducted separately within each region, area and, in eastern Asia, elevation, were the primary determinants of species richness. It appears that the number of species in mesic temperate floras within these regions is largely unrelated to the relatively narrow range of local climate factors associated with these floras. Analysis of covariance of the logarithm of species richness with the logarithm of area (b=0.148) and climate measurements as independent variables revealed a region effect, with species richness in eastern Asia exceeding that in eastern North America by 0.294 log₁₀ units, or a factor of 2.0. Similar regional differences in species richness were apparent in floras compiled from larger areas. Understanding differences in plant species richness between regions requires consideration of regional influences, whose effects should be tested in comparative analyses based on floristic surveys of ecologically characterized small areas.     

青海湖地区植被及其分布规律

青海湖地区位于青藏高原东北部。境内复杂的地貌类型及青海湖的存在对植被有重要影响。本区植物种类贫乏,现有种子植物52科、174属、445种。主要植被类型有寒温性针叶林、高原河谷灌丛、高寒灌丛、沙生灌丛、温性草原、高寒草原、高寒草甸、沼泽草甸、高寒流石坡植被等。植被分布表现出明显的规律性变化。草原分布于湖盆及河谷地带,由东而西植被类型有更加适应寒旱趋势。温性草原以青海湖为中心;呈环带状分布,而高寒草原的分布则与生境寒冷干旱相一致。山地垂直带谱表现为草原带、高寒灌丛与高寒草甸带以及高寒流石坡植被带。本区植被水平地带性分异受到青海湖的影响,其植被组合及特征表现出与青藏高原植被的明显相似性。作为祁连山南麓中部地区的一个大型山间盆地,其东西方向界于青海省东部地区和柴达木盆地之间,植被东西方向的水平地带性并未表现出明显的过渡特征。根据植被特点及分布规律分析,本区植被有其自身的特殊性,并与青藏高原隆升之后气候寒冷干旱相一致。因此,青海湖地区就整体而言应属祁连山地区植被一个相对独立的组成部分。