新疆野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖对树突状细胞免疫功能的影响北大核心CSCD

研究和比较新疆野生与栽培一枝蒿多糖对骨髓来源树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)成熟和功能的影响。超声法制备野生及栽培一枝蒿粗多糖;Sevage法除蛋白;蒽酮-硫酸法测定多糖含量;流式细胞术检测DCs的成熟;ELISA法检测IL-12和TNF-α的表达水平。结果显示,野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖含量分别为26.18%和22.14%,去除蛋白质后多糖含量分别为30.94%和27.06%;野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖均可以显著增强小鼠骨髓来源CD11c+DCs表面分子CD40,CD86及CD80的表达(P<0.05);显著促进IL-12和TNF-α的表达(P<0.05);显著降低DCs吞噬FITC-Dextran的能力;且相同剂量对DCs的免疫活性无显著性差异(P>0.05);除蛋白和不除蛋白的野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖的免疫活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。新疆野生和栽培一枝蒿多糖含量差异较小,并均可以促进小鼠骨髓来源DCs的成熟和功能,且差异不大。     

新疆野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖对树突状细胞免疫功能的影响

研究和比较新疆野生与栽培一枝蒿多糖对骨髓来源树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)成熟和功能的影响。超声法制备野生及栽培一枝蒿粗多糖;Sevage法除蛋白;蒽酮-硫酸法测定多糖含量;流式细胞术检测DCs的成熟;ELISA法检测IL-12和TNF-α的表达水平。结果显示,野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖含量分别为26.18%和22.14%,去除蛋白质后多糖含量分别为30.94%和27.06%;野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖均可以显著增强小鼠骨髓来源CD11c+DCs表面分子CD40,CD86及CD80的表达(P0.05);显著促进IL-12和TNF-α的表达(P0.05);显著降低DCs吞噬FITC-Dextran的能力;且相同剂量对DCs的免疫活性无显著性差异(P0.05);除蛋白和不除蛋白的野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖的免疫活性均无显著差异(P0.05)。新疆野生和栽培一枝蒿多糖含量差异较小,并均可以促进小鼠骨髓来源DCs的成熟和功能,且差异不大。     

野生和栽培川西獐牙菜醇提物红外光谱分析及药效比较研究

比较野生和栽培川西獐牙菜醇提物的成分及其肝保护、镇痛、抑制肠蠕动等药理作用。采用HPLC方法,红外光谱分析技术分析两种醇提物的成分;采用CCl4致小鼠肝损伤模型、小鼠扭体实验和小鼠小肠推进功能实验对其进行药效学研究。野生和栽培川西獐牙菜原药材中含獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和芒果苷的总量分别为3.949%和4.539%,两种原药材的一维和二维红外光谱间均没有明显差异;两种醇提物的二维红外光谱之间差异较显著,但均有显著的预防肝损伤的作用,明显抑制醋酸所致的炎性疼痛和正常小鼠的肠蠕动功能,二者药效没有明显差异,且栽培品随给药剂量的增加而增强药效的趋势比野生品明显。     

桑枝多糖分离纯化及其免疫作用的初步研究

采用水提醇沉法从中药材桑枝(Ramulus mori)中分离纯化多糖,并建立桑枝多糖的含量测定方法;采用碳粒廓清法和二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应试验法,观察桑枝多糖对地塞米松所致免疫低下模型小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果显示,用改良的苯酚一硫酸法测得桑枝中多糖含量为5．5％,提取物桑枝多糖(RMPS)中的含量为56．6％。多次水溶醇沉后,桑枝多糖含量可达70％以上;桑枝多糖可显著提高免疫低下小鼠的吞噬指数α,增强网状内皮细胞的吞噬功能和小鼠迟发型变态反应能力,增强T细胞活性。     

栽培与野生化血丹不同部位中两种化学成分含量分析

为探讨并分析栽培与野生化血丹植株中不同部位中两种化学成分的含量差异,该研究采用超声法提取、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定栽培与野生化血丹根、茎、叶、花、混合样等部位中桃叶珊瑚苷和梓醇的含量,并进行比较。结果表明:(1)桃叶珊瑚苷在栽培与野生化血丹植株内均有分布,含量均以根中最高,其在栽培与野生化血丹植株内的含量表现分别为根叶混合样茎花、根混合样茎花叶,栽培化血丹不同部位中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量均高于野生化血丹。(2)梓醇在栽培化血丹的茎中未检出,在栽培与野生化血丹其他部位均有分布,含量均以叶中最高,其在栽培与野生化血丹植株内的含量分别表现为叶花混合样根、叶混合样茎花根,野生化血丹不同部位中梓醇的含量均高于栽培化血丹。(3)桃叶珊瑚苷和梓醇在栽培和野生化血丹植株不同部位中的含量均存在显著差异(P0.05),栽培与野生同一部位间总体上无显著差异,为该濒危药用植物资源药用部位选择和合理开发利用提供实验参考。     

新疆栽培一枝蒿粗多糖对OVA抗体水平及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

初步探讨新疆栽培一枝蒿未除蛋白的粗多糖(Un-deproteinization of cultivated Artemisia rupestris L.crude polysaccharides,UCARCP)对模式抗原卵清白蛋白(Ovalbumin,OVA)免疫小鼠后抗体水平以及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。将UCARCP配伍OVA皮下免疫小鼠,初免1次,加强1次,铝佐剂为阳性对照组,间接ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IgG及亚类IgG_1、IgG_(2a)的抗体水平;流式细胞术检测脾细胞中CD3~+CD4~+和CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群的含量。结果显示,UCARCP能显著提高小鼠血清中Ig G、IgG_1、IgG_(2a)的抗体水平(P0.05),且与铝佐剂组相比无显著性差异(P0.05);UCARCP能显著促进CD3+CD4+和CD3+CD8+T细胞亚群的含量(P0.05),与铝佐剂组相比没有显著差异(P0.05)。新疆栽培一枝蒿未除蛋白的粗多糖能显著促进模式抗原OVA免疫后小鼠的体液免疫水平和细胞免疫水平,与铝佐剂相当。     

组培霍山石斛、野生霍山石斛及河南石斛多糖及乙醇溶出物动态积累规律研究

为了揭示不同种源的霍山石斛及其近缘种河南石斛多糖和醇溶性浸出物含量的动态变化规律,为霍山石斛和河南石斛规范化种植及品种鉴定提供依据,采用蒽酮-浓硫酸比色法和醇溶性浸出物热浸法对1~4年株龄的野生霍山石斛、组培霍山石斛和河南石斛的多糖和浸出物含量进行测定。结果表明,不同株龄的组培霍山石斛、野生霍山石斛和河南石斛的多糖、浸出物含量均存在极显著差异。以多糖含量为标准,三者均以生长2年采收为宜,以醇溶物为标准,以栽培三年采收最好。以多糖和醇溶出物总量计,组培霍山石斛以2年采收为宜,野生霍山石斛及河南石斛以3年株龄品质最佳。     

藏药菥蓂中黑芥子苷对黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸作用的研究北大核心CSCD

采用黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸模型,将昆明种小鼠随机分为模型组、空白对照组、阳性组、未灭活水提液(WMHSTY)组、灭活水提液(MHSTY)组、醇提液(CTY)组和水提醇沉浓缩液(STCCNSY)组并分别给药,以提取液对尿酸降低程度与提取液中黑芥子苷含量的关系阐明黑芥子苷与菥蓂治疗痛风作用的关系。结果,MHSTY和WMHSTY对黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸模型有显著的降低尿酸作用,两者间无明显差异,但黑芥子苷含量差异显著;CTY中黑芥子苷含量最高,但对本模型无明显作用;STCCNSY中无法检测出黑芥子苷,但对本模型有极显著作用。表明,藏药菥蓂中黑芥子苷的含量与菥蓂对黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸模型的作用无明显关系。     

藏药菥蓂中黑芥子苷对黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸作用的研究

采用黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸模型,将昆明种小鼠随机分为模型组、空白对照组、阳性组、未灭活水提液(WMHSTY)组、灭活水提液(MHSTY)组、醇提液(CTY)组和水提醇沉浓缩液(STCCNSY)组并分别给药,以提取液对尿酸降低程度与提取液中黑芥子苷含量的关系阐明黑芥子苷与菥蓂治疗痛风作用的关系。结果,MHSTY和WMHSTY对黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸模型有显著的降低尿酸作用,两者间无明显差异,但黑芥子苷含量差异显著;CTY中黑芥子苷含量最高,但对本模型无明显作用;STCCNSY中无法检测出黑芥子苷,但对本模型有极显著作用。表明,藏药菥蓂中黑芥子苷的含量与菥蓂对黄嘌呤致小鼠高尿酸模型的作用无明显关系。     

砂生槐多糖提取物对免疫抑制模型小鼠Treg和Th17的影响

为了开发藏药砂生槐的药用价值,本文拟研究其多糖提取物对免疫抑制小鼠调节性T细胞(Treg)和Th17的影响。水提醇沉法提取砂生槐枝条多糖物质,腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制小鼠模型,模型小鼠经砂生槐多糖灌胃干预后,分离脾细胞,流式细胞术检测CD4+T细胞比例和CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例;收集血清,ELISA检测IL-17水平。结果显示,各剂量组砂生槐多糖均能够引起免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例明显增多(P0.05),同时明显抑制IL-17的产生(P0.05)。以上结果提示砂生槐多糖可能通过上调Treg而抑制免疫功能,同时抑制IL-17的产生,发挥免疫抑制作用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism