A phytosociological survey of the boreal forest (shape Vaccinio-Piceetea) in North America

A survey of syntaxa of vegetation of North American boreal forests (class Vaccinio-Piceetea) is presented. This phytosociological survey, carried out combining the Braun-Blanquet method with numerical syntaxonomical analyses (cluster and correspondence analysis), describes the associations of the North American boreal forests, which have several species, varieties or vicariant species in common with their Eurasian counterparts, and can be placed in the class Vaccinio-Piceetea. By means of tabular and multivariate analyses, 2084 North American relevés were compared with 3273 relevés from European, Japanese and Korean boreal forest, to describe and typify 4 orders, 10 alliances and 37 associations. Diagnostic tables, ordination, clustering, and climatic, edaphic and biogeographical data were used to show floristic affinities among these syntaxa and interpret their distribution areas. Syntaxa were briefly characterized by their floristic composition, physiognomy, succession, zonation, and biogeographical distribution.     

降水变化驱动下红松阔叶林土壤真菌多样性的分布格局

红松阔叶林生态系统是中国东北地区地带性顶极植被,具有重要的生态学意义,长白山是研究温带森林对大气降水变化正负反馈的理想地带.本文以长白山原始红松阔叶林为研究对象,基于末端限制性片段长度多态性分析技术,分析了降水控制样地(增、减30％)和对照样地的0 ～5 cm和5～ 10 cm表层土和红松根际土真菌多样性的空间异质性.结果表明:降水的增加和减少均能提高土壤真菌的多样性,但优势种群有所变化.表层土中,片段长度超过500 bp的T-RFs丰度随降水增加而提高,根际土中对降水变化响应的T-RFs分别为380、455和487 bp,且根际土的响应模式较表层土复杂.典范对应分析结果表明,土壤pH、有机碳含量、总氮和有效磷等对真菌群落组成影响显著.     

季节增温方式对小兴安岭红松针阔混交林演替的潜在影响

应用林窗模型LINKAGES对小兴安岭红松针阔混交林在不同季节增温方式下的未来演替过程进行了模拟预测.以温度增加5℃、降水无明显变化作为未来变暖气候的模拟假设,共设计3种气候变暖方式预案,分别为冬季增温幅度大于夏季、冬季与夏季增温幅度相同以及冬季增温幅度小于夏季.模拟结果表明,当冬季增温幅度大于夏季时,小兴安岭现存林分的演替受气候变暖的影响相对最小,树种组成仍然能够保持较为稳定的针阔混交林状态;当冬季增温幅度小于夏季时,现存林分的演替受气候变暖的影响最显著,树种衰退最迅速.可见,小兴安岭针阔混交林的演替与未来的增温方式关系密切,上限温度是现存树种能否继续存活的重要决定因子.     

胜山阔叶红松林蚂蚁巢穴对其他地表节肢动物多样性的影响

为了阐明蚂蚁巢穴对其他地表节肢动物群落组成和多样性的影响,于2019年在胜山自然保护区的原始阔叶红松林内开展实验,并采用陷阱法收集地表节肢动物.共捕获地表节肢动物92266只,分别为蜈蚣目、盲蛛目、马陆目、蜘蛛目,大头蚁属和步甲科、隐翅虫科、葬甲科这8个类群;蚂蚁巢穴存在及到蚂蚁巢穴的不同距离对其他地表节肢动物个体数量...     

A preliminary study of resource overlap between howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and other arboreal mammals in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas,Mexico

Potential resource overlap between howling monkeys and other arboreal mammals was studied in the rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Eight species of mammals belonging to the orders Primates, Carnivora, Rodentia, and Marsupialia were found to share the canopy and to overlap trophically with howling monkeys. These mammals made up 77% and Alouatta 23% of the arboreal mammalian biomass under consideration. The arboreal porcupine and spider monkey were the only mammals that also fed on leaves. However, in this feeding niche, Alouatta is the only important mammalian folivore in Los Tuxtlas, and resource depression derived from leaf-eating insects is more important. The eight arboreal mammals may exert more pressure upon fruit resources, for they consumed 75% of the estimated total dry weight of fruit/ha/yr consumed by arboreal mammals.