Taxonomic review of genus Diaparsis Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae) from South Korea

Eleven species of the genus Diaparsis, including two unidentified species, are recorded from South Korea. One new species, D. koreana Khalaim, et al., sp. nov., is described, and six species, D. carinifer (Thomson), D. convexa Khalaim, D. egregia Khalaim, D. hyperae Kusigemati, D. jucunda (Holmgren) and D. neoplicator Khalaim, are recorded from this country for the first time. Diaparsis hyperae and D. pulchra are the most abundant species of the genus in the Korean fauna. A key to eleven species of Diaparsis occurring in South Korea is provided.     

A new species of the genus Probles Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae) from South Korea

The new species Probles (Euporizon) leei Khalaim, Balueva & Kim sp. nov., is described from South Korea. The new species is characterized by a reduction of the groove between glymma and the ventral part of postpetiole, whereas other species of Probles typically have a well-developed groove. This is the most abundant species of Probles in South Korea, where it accounts for over half of all collected specimens of the genus.     

Species of the genus Mastrus Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of China with descriptions of two new species parasitizing sawflies (Hymenoptera)

Four species of Mastrus Förster, 1869 are reported from China. Two, Mastrus nigrus Sheng & Zeng, sp. n. reared from Arge pullata (Zaddach) and Mastrus rugotergalis Sheng & Zeng, sp. n. reared from Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao & Zhang, are new to science. One, Mastrus deminuens (Hartig, 1838), is a parasitoid of Pachynematus itoi Okutani. A key to species of Mastrus Förster known in China is provided.     

Three new species of the genus Probles F?rster (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae) from?South Korea

Three closely related species of the genus Probles Förster, P. fulgida sp. n., P. korusa sp. n. and P. rukora sp. n., belong to the subgenus Euporizon Horstmann and differ from other Palearctic species of the genus by a combination of long and apically weakly sinuate ovipositor and short temple. These three species are assigned to a newly designated fulgida species-group, and a portion of the key for identification of this species-group is provided. Based on the shape of the ovipositor apex, the fulgida species-group resemble members of the subgenus Microdiaparsis Horstmann but are distinct in having a much shorter temple.     

A review of the genera Gnathochorisis F?rster and Symplecis F?rster of South Korea,with notes on Korean orthocentrines (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Orthocentrinae)

Two genera of Korean Orthocentrinae, Gnathochorisis and Symplecis, are reviewed, and keys to species of these genera are provided here. Two new species, Gnathochorisisfuscipes Humala & Lee, sp. n. and Gnathochorisiskoreensis Humala & Lee, sp. n. are described from South Korea. The current state of the taxonomy of Eastern Palaearctic orthocentrines is briefly discussed.     

Two new species of genus Ateleute Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) with a key to the Oriental species

Three species of Ateleute Förster 1869 belonging to the tribe Cryptini of the subfamily Cryptinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), collected from Jiangxi Province, China, are reported, of which two are new for science: Ateleute ferruginea Sheng, Broad & Sun, sp. n. and AAteleute zixiensis Sheng, Broad & Sun, sp. n. One, AAteleute densistriata (Uchida, 1955), was previously known from China and Japan. A key to the species of genus Ateleute known in the Oriental Region is provided.     

A new species of genus Syntactus Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with a key to Oriental and Eastern Palearctic species

A new species, Syntactus jiulianicus Sun & Sheng, sp.n. belonging to the tribe Pionini of the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), collected from Jiangxi Province, China, is reported. Illustrations of the new species and Syntactus delusor (Linnaeus, 1758), Syntactus minor (Holmgren, 1857) and Syntactus varius (Holmgren, 1858) are provided. A key to the species of Syntactus known from the Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic Regions is given.     

Taxonomic review of the genus Coelopisthia F?rster (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae) from China,with four new species

The pteromalid genus Coelopisthia from China is studied with eight species including four new species and two newly recorded species: C. dasycladus sp. nov., C. gracilentus sp. nov., C. pseudaletia sp. nov., C. condensus sp. nov., C. areolata Askew and C. caledonica Askew. A key to Chinese species is provided. All the specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

First record of the genus Phradis Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae) from the Neotropical Region

One new species of the genus Phradis, Phradis peruvianussp. n., from the mountainous part of Peruvian Amazonia, is described and illustrated. This is the first record of the genus from South America and the Neotropical region.     

Species of the genus Lamachus F?rster (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae) parasitizing diprionid sawflies (Hymenoptera,Diprionidae) with descriptions of two?new species and a key to Chinese species

Four species of the genus Lamachus Förster 1869 belonging to the tribe Mesoleiini of the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) are reported from China. Two of them are new to science, Lamachus nigrus Li, Sheng & Sun, sp. n. and Lamachus rufiabdominalis Li, Sheng & Sun, sp. n. were reared from Neodiprion huizeensis Xiao & Zhou, in Guizhou Province of the Oriental part of China. The biology of Lamachus rufiabdominalis is described. A key to the species of Lamachus known from China is provided.     

Preliminary phylogeny of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) based on morphology and 28S rDNA

Species of Encarsia F?rster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Coccophaginae) are economically important for the biological control of whitefly and armored scale pests (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae). Whereas some regional keys for identification of Encarsia species are now available, few studies have addressed relationships within this diverse and cosmopolitan genus because of unreliable morphological data. Nuclear sequences of the D2 expansion region of 28S rDNA were determined from 67 strains of 24 species representing 10 species groups of Encarsia, 2 strains of Encarsiella noyesi Hayat, and 1 strain of Coccophagoides fuscipennis Girault. Analysis of molecular data alone and combined with morphological data resolves many nodes not resolved by morphology alone and offer insights into which morphological characters are useful for supporting group relationships. All analyses that include molecular data reveal Encarsia to be paraphyletic with respect to Encarsiella. If monophyly of Encarsia is constrained, the relationships are the same but with a different root within Encarsia, and these trees are presented as an alternate hypothesis. The luteola and strenua species groups are shown by both morphological and molecular data to be monophyletic, whereas the inaron group, the E. nigricephala + luteola group, and the E. quericola + strenua group are supported only by molecular data. The aurantii and parvella species groups are not supported in any of the analyses. The utility of morphological characters for defining species group relationships is discussed.     

A new species of the genus Disogmus Förster (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Proctotrupidae) from the Eocene Rovno amber

Disogmus rasnitsyni Kolyada & Perkovsky, sp. n. is described from a fossil inclusion of Late Eocene amber (Ukraine). The new species is most similar to Disogmus basalis (Thomson, 1857), in particular, in the shape of the tyloids and the general shortening of the segments of antennae, but distinctly differs from it and the other species of the genus by having tyloids on flagellar segments 2-4 compared to 3-6 and 4-7 in other species.     

First record of Oxytorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from South America,with description of a new species of <Emphasis Type=Italic>Oxytorus</Emphasis> Förster, 1869

The monotypic subfamily Oxytorinae is recorded for the first time from South America. Oxytorus peruvianus sp. n. from a Peruvian premontane rain forest is described and illustrated. Information on the habitat and phenology of the new species is reported.     

Description of Aprostocetus anoplophorae n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a new egg parasitoid of the invasive pest Anoplophora chinensis (Förster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Aprostocetus anoplophorae n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is supposed to play a role as an egg parasitoid of the invasive pest, the Citrus Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora chinensis (Förster). The studies of its morphology, and rDNA sequence data, strongly indicate that this taxon differs greatly from all described Aprostocetus species, and is new to science. This species is described and illustrated. Both its systematic placement and origin are discussed.     

Taxonomic review of the Indian species of Asecodes Fӧrster (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), with description of four new species

The Indian species of Asecodes F?rster (Eulophidae: Entedoninae) are reviewed. Six species are recognized for the genus, of which four species are described as new: A. doganlari Jamali & Zeya, sp. nov., A. massi Jamali & Zeya, sp. nov., A. sela Jamali & Zeya, sp. nov, A. zhui Jamali & Zeya, sp. nov.. One species: A. delucchii (Bou?ek) is recorded for the first time from the country.     

Contribution to Systematics of the Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astiphromma</Emphasis> Förster (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae: Mesochorinae) from Russia and Adjacent Countries

Material of the genus Astiphromma Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae: Mesochorinae) from Russia and adjacent countries in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg has been examined. 25 species were identified, 14 of which are new records to the Russian fauna, and 10 are new to the Eastern Palaearctic Region. Four species are new to science: Astiphromma (Astiphromma) flavofaciessp. n., A. (A.) minimumsp. n., A. (A.) paradorsalesp. n., and A. (A.) styleatorsp. n. A new synonymy is established: Astiphromma (Astiphromma) albitarse (Brischke, 1880) = A. punctatum Uchida, 1933, syn. n. For Astiphromma japonense Lee, 1992 a hitherto unknown female is described.     

A new species of Apechoneura Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Labeninae) from Colombia

A new species of the ichneumonid subfamily Labeninae, Apechoneura seminigrasp. n., is described. Specimens were collected from the Amazon Rainforest of Colombia.     

Effects of host and parasitoid age on search behaviour and oviposition rates inLariophagus distinguendus Förster (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Oviposition rates and related behaviours were quantified for Lariophagus distinguendusFörster attacking Calosobruchus chinensis (L.) and C. maculatus (F.). Oviposition rates varied with parasitoid age; parasitoids aged 1–7 days laid approximately twice as many eggs per day as those aged 8–14 days. Similar differences were noted in search rates and handling times; younger parasitoids had higher attack rates and lower handling times than older parasitoids. Search rates and handling times also varied with the host stage available for attack. Search rates were higher and handling times were lower on larger stages. The results are discussed with reference to their impact on the dynamical behavior of insect parasitoid-host populations.     

Potential of Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to suppress the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in bagged and bulk stored maize

Grains are often stored in jute bags in developing countries, especially in Africa, as well as in small quantities in bulk. Parasitoids suitable for biological control of stored-product pests should be able to find their hosts in bulk grain or in jute bags over a certain distance in a warehouse containing stacks of bagged grain. The potential of using Lariophagus distinguendus for the biological control of Sitophilus zeamais was assessed in maize stored in jute bags and bulk grain. The ability of the parasitoid to penetrate the jute cloth and the grain mass and parasitize its host was studied under controlled conditions of 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH. Experiments were carried out in small 5-kg jute bags containing 28 d old S. zeamais larvae within infested maize kernels, and in cylinders filled with maize grains and containing caged hosts at different depths. L. distinguendus parasitized S. zeamais in the jute bags and in the storage cylinders at various depths. In the jute bag experiment, out of the 60 L. distinguendus adults released, a mean ± SD of 7.03 ± 1.78% and 6.34 ± 1.01% of the 40 females and of the 20 males released, respectively, entered the jute bags. Significantly, no differences were found between the female and male L. distinguendus that entered the bags. Mean reduction of S. zeamais in the jute bags by parasitoids was 81%. The parasitic wasps also significantly reduced the emergence of S. zeamais in bulk maize. At depths of 20–45 cm from the grain surface, mean reduction of S. zeamais was 74%, while from 95 to 100 cm, mean reduction was 34%. When results from depths lower than 50 cm were pooled and compared with pooled data from depths higher than 90 cm, there was a significant reduction in parasitism at depths of more than 90 cm. For depths below 50 cm a mean of 5.3 L. distinguendus adult offspring per cage emerged compared with a mean of 2.6 at depths of more than 90 cm. These results support the approach to utilize L. distinguendus as a component in the integrated control of S. zeamais in bagged or bulk stored maize.