贵州普定白岩脚洞旧石器时代遗址

白岩脚洞旧石器时代遗址位于贵州省普定县西南约9公里。1978年发现。1979、1982和1984年先后三次工作的结果,共获得石制品1000多件、动物化石22种、骨器2件。与文化遗物伴出的化石为大熊猫—剑齿象动物群。碳-14年代为距今12080±200年(第3层)和距今14630±200年(第5层)。     

旋幽夜蛾发育有效积温的研究

1988年在室内恒温条件下饲养旋幽夜蛾,测定了其各发育阶段的发育起点温度和有效积温:卵期8.4±2.4℃和75.0±10.1日度、幼虫期10.4±1.9℃和193.1±23.8日度、蛹期11.9±1.3℃和180.9±15.7日度、成虫(产卵前期)1.8±1.1℃和54.3±6.1日度、全世代9.6±0.8℃和519.2±24.7日度。依据积温,推算出旋幽夜蛾在武威地区一年发生3代,与1975～1982年、1988年室内外生活史饲养结果相符。     

人工湿地对氮、磷的去除效率与动态特征

1999年1月~2003年12月对荣成人工湿地污水处理系统处理效果以及氮、磷去除效果的动态变化特征进行分析。结果表明,人工湿地对SS、COD、BOD均有很好的去除效果,出水浓度分别为27·8±6·7、91·0±13·7和23·8±4·6mg·L-1,去除率分别为71·8±8·4%、62·2±10·1%和70·4±9·6%。大肠菌群去除率为99·7%。对NH4+-N和TP去除效果较差,出水浓度分别为11·3±2·6和2·00±0·28mg·L-1,去除率分别为40·6±15·3%和29·6±12·8%。NH4+-N去除效果和季节变化有关,每年7~9月去除效果最佳,1~3月效果最差,去除率分别为50·7±12·4%和23·0±11·6%。TP的去除效果季节性变化不如NH4+-N明显。NH4+-N年平均去除率2001~2003年逐年增加。TP年平均去除率在2001和2002年基本相同,2003年有所降低。     

I、Ⅱ型糖尿病和透析患者的肠道内环境与生化指标的比较研究

对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病及透析患者的肠道内环境和血液指标进行了比较观察.肠内细菌群的检测采用光冈复合式法;氨和硫化物的测定,采用Terada的方法;吲哚及臭素等的测定方法采用同吉原方法.临床主要生化指标观察方法,采用美国康宁644电解质分析仪和美国RA-1000全自动生化分析仪.随机选取住院的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病以及透析患者各10名对肠道内环境以及血离子、肾功能进行检测分析.结果表明(1)肠内细菌群变化Ⅰ型糖尿病患者,双歧杆菌数为7.73±0.44(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(0.84±0.75)‰.腐败菌数亦为8.14±0.37.Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,双歧杆菌数为7.88±0.34(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(2.40±3.18)‰.腐败菌数亦为7.99±1.15.透析患者,双歧杆菌数为7.76±0.42(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(0.78±0.92)‰.腐败菌数亦为8.33±0.50.并检测到绿脓杆菌,其检出率为40%.(2)腐败物质的变化Ⅰ型糖尿病患者粪便中氨为823±67.2(μg/g);硫化物为50.7±16.0;粪便中苯、甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素等的变化,吲哚、粪臭素分别为57.1±12.1、53.5±11.2(μg/g).Ⅱ糖尿病患者粪便中氨为759.9±62.9(μg/g);硫化物为30±8.3.吲哚、粪臭素分别为40.1±9.9、36.5±9.1(μg/g).透析患者粪便中的氨为1 006.6±164.9(μg/g);硫化物为80±9.9.吲哚、粪臭素分别为78.7±9.7、77.9±10.1(μg/g).(3)血清无机离子的检测结果Ⅱ型糖尿病人的肾功、尿素、肌酐,尿素、肌酐、尿酸结果在正常范围内,肾脏无实质性损伤,但结果为正常值的上限,尿素5.24±2.11(mmol/L),肌酐93.8±6.15(μmol/L),尿酸0.27±0.04(mmol/L),有肾损伤的可能.Ⅰ型糖尿病人的肾脏已有轻度的实质性损害,尿素7.75±2.29(mmol/L),肌酐120.1±62.91(μmol/L),尿酸0.29±0.04(mmol/L).透析病人的肾脏已严重实质性损伤,尿素44.2±10.50(mmol/L),肌酐702.32±164.98(μmol/L),尿酸0.43±0.13(mmol/L).     

评介Smith等的热河群^40Ar—^39Ar同位素测年结果

对Smith等1995年热河群40Ar-39Ar同位素测年工作的背景以及各样品的采样地点、层位与测年目的等作了补充介绍.由于Smith等的论文中将3组后期火山岩的测年结果分别误解为义县组下部与上部地层的同位素年龄,因而整体上混淆了义县组不同层位的测年结果.Smith等1995年发表的6组样品的测年数据实际上至少代表了4个与热河群义县组相关层位的40Ar-39Ar同位素年龄122.9±03Ma(凌源大新房子沉积层下伏火山岩)、122.1±0.2～122.5±03Ma(凌源二十里堡沉积层)、121.5±0.9～121.6±0.5Ma(义县金刚山沉积层上覆火山角砾岩)、120.8±0.4～121.4±0.7Ma(后期火山岩).     

团头鲂成熟卵的超微结构和X射线微区分析研究

本文应用扫描电镜、透射电镜及X射线微分析技术,对团头鲂成熟卵的超微结构和离子元素含量进行了研究.结果表明,在团头鲂成熟卵的卵膜上具有许多卵膜孔,胞质内有丰富的管状嵴线粒体和游离核糖体;在质膜下的皮质区内有皮质小泡、微管和微丝结构.卵的表面含有Na、Mg、Al,Si、S、Cl、K和Ca,含量分别为6.65±0.47,0.39±0.06,5.51±0.83,0.51±0.01,76.41±0.94,9.24±1.39,0.71±0.24和0.96±0.05.卵的胞质内含有Na、Mg、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca和Fe,其含量分别为10.26±0.15,3.04±0.12,19.48±1.23,1.17±0.32,13.42±1.59,14.83±2.32,20.26±3.15,10.02±1.69和7.52±1.83.     

国槐尺蠖发育起点温度与有效积温

在恒温20,23,25,27,30℃下,对沈阳市国槐尺蠖Semiothisa cinerearia Bremeret Grey各虫态的发育历期,发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高,发育历期逐渐缩短;国槐尺蠖卵,幼虫,蛹,成虫期和世代发育起点温度C分别为(4.20±0.95),(5.80±0.95),(8.28±0.30),(16.92±0.50)和(9.06±0.21)℃。相应的有效积温K分别为(71.3±2.3),(300.5±14.3),(354.2±8.3),(52.4±2.59)和(752.76±10.5)日.度。根据发育起点温度和有效积温,预测出国槐尺蠖在沈阳的年发生代数为3.4～3.6代,其结果符合实际发生情况。     

树种蒸腾作用、光合作用和蒸腾效率的比较研究

 各树种在年生长季不同测期的蒸腾速率日进程曲线一般呈单峰型。蒸腾速率与环境因子的相关性大小依次为：光照强度、气温、相对湿度和大气水势。蒸腾速率日变化一般可用具有光照因子的优化模型(即光照型、光温型、光湿型和光温湿型)来模拟。年生长季树种蒸腾速率(g·g-1LD·h-1)排序由大到小为：柠条(0.9269±0.2089)(平均值±标准差,以下同)、小叶杨(0.7177±0.2410)、河北杨(0.6256±0.1609)和北京杨(0.6007±0.2749);净光合速率(mgCO2·g-1LD·h-1)排序自高至低为：柠条(14.5949±4.6627)、小叶杨(13.4055±2.9994)、河北杨(13.2569±4.3531)和北京杨(11.6989±2.5884);蒸腾效率(gDM·g-1H2O)排序由高至低为：北京杨(1.41％±0.42％)、河北杨(1.35％±0.36％)、小叶杨(1.26％±0.23％)和柠条(1.00％±0.27％)。     

华姬蝽生态学特性及控制蚜虫效果研究

在自然变温下测得华姬蝽各虫态的发育始点温和有效积温分别为:卵期19.2±1.07℃、45.89±6.2日度,若虫期18.35±0.28℃、121.5±10.82日度,成虫产卵前期19.0±0.65℃、60.76±7.36日度,全世代18.98±0.46℃、221.63±14.75日度。发生检验与实测相符合。利用圆盘方程测定了华姬蝽的捕食效应和进行了它对麦蚜、棉蚜的田间控制效果试验,确定了它的利用价值。     

红基盘瓢虫生活习性和捕食效能

在实验于30.1±0.8℃及70.1±4.5%R 1的平均温湿度下,红基盘瓢虫世代平均历期为26.06天,其中卵期1.99±0.12,幼虫期第一龄至第四龄周期依次为1.28±0.45、1.45±0.57、1.33±0.47、4.33±0.53天,蛹期2.31±0.52天,雌虫产卵前期平均达13.37±4.02天,产卵期为12.11±7.17天,一生产卵82.37±38.02粒,日平均产卵量为8.17±3.09粒。雌雄成虫平均寿命分别为26.92±14.26、20.60±14.50天,雌雄性比为1.60：1。各龄幼虫对橄榄星室术虱若虫（2-4龄）的平均捕食量依次为96.2±72.4、125.9±78.0、169.2±91.8、427.3±91.3头,成虫则为420.0±11.9头。     

Modern and fossil diatom assemblages from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago,Arctic Siberia)

This article discusses the results of a taxonomic and ecological investigation of diatoms from polygonal ponds and Quaternary permafrost deposits of Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago) and the reconstruction of climatic changes on the Island during late Pleistocene/Holocene transition using fossil diatom assemblages from the permafrost deposits. The taxonomic list of diatoms includes 159 diatom species. The main ecological factors that determine the distribution of diatoms in the investigated data set are mean July air temperature, рН, electrical conductivity, water depth, and concentrations of Si⁴⁺ and Al³⁺. An increase in water depth and stable lacustrine conditions in the Lateglacial–Holocene in the ancient thermokarst lake relate to Lateglacial warming before 11860 ± 160 years BP and during the early Holocene between 11210 ± 160 and 7095 ± 60 years BP.     

新疆准噶尔盆地早侏罗世掌鳞杉科植物化石 及古大气CO2浓度

植物化石气孔参数分析是目前恢复古大气二氧化碳浓度较为精准的方法之一,银杏类和松柏类等是恢复古大气CO_2浓度常用的化石类群。本文利用新疆准噶尔盆地下侏罗统三工河组的松柏类掌鳞杉科Brachyphyllum(Hirmeriella?)sp.化石对早侏罗世大气CO_2浓度进行了重建,获得早侏罗世大气CO_2浓度为～1200ppm,丰富了早侏罗世大气CO_2浓度信息,进一步说明掌鳞杉科植物通过气孔比率法在重建侏罗纪大气CO_2浓度方面的可靠性。掌鳞杉科植物的旱生构造和较高的大气CO_2浓度表明早侏罗世Toarcian期大洋缺氧事件在陆地生态系统内可能产生了一定的响应。     

Ecosystem dynamics through the past 2000 years as revealed by fossil mammals from Lamar cave in Yellowstone National Park,USA

Lamar Cave, a late Holocene paleontological site in Yellowstone National Park, USA, has yielded 36 fossil mammal species from 10 stratigraphic units representing about 2000 years. The fossil fauna is similar to the mammals in the park today and affords a unique opportunity to investigate paleocommunity and ecosystem dynamics through time.

Remains of an extralimital species in Yellowstone today, Microtus ochrogaster are found only in the oldest cave deposits, dated at 1695 ± 60 yr B.P. Disappearance of this species by about 1550 years ago marks evolution into the ecosystem that has persisted into the present and is recognizable by a fossil mammal assemblage that is virtually identical to the modern one. Relative abundance fluctuations in the mammal populations imply community resilience through the past 2000 years. Trends in relative abundances of small mammals, particularly the inverse relationship between Microtus and Spermophilus are interpreted as evidence of declining grass cover near Lamar Cave between approximately 1500 and 1000 years ago. The initiation of this environmental change may well have stimulated the ecosystem change marked by Microtus ochrogaster extirpation. Support for this hypothesis is found in a pollen record from a nearby lake.     

Skeletal morphogenesis and growth mode of modern and fossil deep-water isidid gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the West Pacific (New Zealand and Sea of Okhotsk)

Fabric and growth mode of deep-water isidid gorgonian skeletons showing bright Mg-calcitic internodes and dark proteinageous nodes were investigated on modern, subrecent and fossil skeletons. The internodial microstructure is characterised by three-dimensionally interfingering calcitic fascicles accreting around a central axis. Macroscopic colour banding results from varying orientations of organic-rich fascicle bundles and intercalated bands of organic-poor granular crystals. This skeletal structure of isidid gorgonians strikingly differs from the density banding of scleractinians. Radiocarbon dating of a fossil skeleton gave an age of 3,985±35 to 3,680±35 years before present (BP) with a record of 305±35 years (±range). Linear extension rates of 0.4 mm year⁻¹ average allow for an annual to sub-annual resolution on micrometer scale of colour bands or fascicles, respectively. The growth mode of branched skeletons is characterised by simultaneous secretion of vertically alternating nodes/internodes and lateral accretion of concentric increments enveloping the entire skeleton. Bifurcations at various growth stages imply that adjacent branches have different ages and show varying numbers of growth bands at any skeletal cross section. The scleroprotein gorgonin plays a crucial role in the formation of organic nodes and the secretion of calcitic internodes by providing a structural framework in the biomineralisation process.     

北京云水洞的脊椎动物化石

标本包括鸟类一新种Phasianus yanshansis sp.nov.、啮齿类一种、奇蹄类一种、偶蹄类两种。地质时代为更新世晚期,碳~(14)测定是18,540±250年,与周口店山顶洞相当。     

Microcalorimetric method to determine competitive binding action of a psychotropic drug (dipotassium chlorazepate) on L-tryptophan · human serum albumin complex

A mathematical treatment and an original microcalorimetric method are developed to verify an eventual competitive binding between any two substances for the same macromolecule. To apply this method, a competitive binding of L-tryptophan and one benzodiazepin (dipotassium chlorazepate) for human serum albumin is perfectly demonstrated.The association constants and the enthalpy variations are equal to 14 000 ± 2000 M^?1 and ?6.6 ± 0.2 kcal/mol for human serum albumin · tryptophan complex and 13 000 ± 1000 M^?1 and ?10.0 ± 0.2 kcal/mol for human serum albumin · chlorazepate complex. In all cases the stoichiometry is equal to one.The binding of tryptophan to human serum albumin is partially stereospecific; the association constant and the enthalpy variation for D-tryptophan complex are equal, respectively, to 1000 ± 200 M^?1 and ?2.6 ± 0.3 kcal/mol.     

The last terror birds (Aves,Phorusrhacidae): new evidence from the late Pleistocene of Uruguay

We report new fossil evidence of terror bird survival until the end of the Pleistocene in Uruguay. The new specimens comprise the distal portion of right tarsometatarsus and a left humerus; the latter is assigned to the genus Psilopterus. The sedimentary context of the remains yields a characteristic Pleistocene mammalian association along with numerical age dating giving an undoubted late Pleistocene age (OSL 96,040 ± 6300 years). We also revise and discuss the systematic placement of late Pleistocene phorusrhacid material previously published. The trophic role of terror birds and other South American carnivorous birds in late Pleistocene ecosystems should be revised based on the increasing findings of avian fossil materials.     

Superovulatory response of Chios sheep to PMSG during spring and autumn

To study the superovulatory response of Chios sheep to pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG), two experiments were carried out; one in spring and one in autumn. Four doses of PMSG (1500 IU, Group 1; 1000 IU, Group 2; 750 IU, Group 3; 500 IU, Group 4; controls, Group 5) were tested on 46 ewes. Oestrus was synchronised by means of MAP intravaginal sponges and PMSG was injected i.m. at the time of sponge withdrawal. When in oestrus, ewes were naturally mated. On Day 7 after sponge removal, mid-ventral laparotomy was performed and the uterine horns and/or oviducts were flushed with 20–40 ml Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (FBS). The embryos were examined under a dissecting microscope and were evaluated according to morphological criteria.The interval from sponge removal to the onset of oestrus was significantly (P < 0.001) shorter in autumn than in spring in all groups. No significant differences regarding superovulatory response, collection and fertilisation rate or numbers of ova and embryos collected were found between spring and autumn. The clinical signs of oestrus started earlier (P < 0.001) in all PMSG treated animals than in the controls, both in spring and in autumn. The highest ovulation rate was recorded in Group 2 (5.9 ± 1.0), followed by Groups 1 (5.0±0.9), 3 (3.9±0.5), 4 (26±0.4) and 5 (1.3±0.1). The increase observed in total ovarian response (corpora lutea + large anovulated follicles) parallelled the increase of PMSG dose (10.7 ± 1.6, 7.7 ± 0.9, 4.5 ± 0.6, 3.4 ± 0.5 and 1.8 ± 0.2 for Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively). The highest mean number of ova was collected from Group 3 (3.4±0.5), followed by Groups 2 (2.6 ± 0.4), 4 (2.2 ± 0.3), 1 (1.6 ± 0.5) and 5 (1.1 ± 0.1). The higher doses of PMSG (1500 and 1000 IU) significantly increased the mean number of anovulated follicles and significantly decreased recovery rate. Mean number of high viability embryos collected per ewe treated (0.9 ± 0.6, 1.5 ± 0.4, 2.2 ± 0.5, 1.5 ± 0.4, 0.9 ± 0.1 for Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively) was not improved by PMSG dose.It is concluded that Chios sheep can be superovulated in autumn and in spring with similar results. Clinical signs of oestrus are initiated earlier in autumn than in spring. PMSG treatment shortens the interval from sponge removal to the onset of oestrus. Although PMSG does not seem to be the most suitable hormone for the induction of superovulation in Chios sheep, a dose of 750–1000 IU PMSG gives satisfactory results; higher doses are associated with side effects in a significant number of animals (many anovulated follicles, low recovery rate).     

How the detector resolution affects the clinical significance of SBRT pre-treatment quality assurance results

PurposeAim of this work was to study how the detector resolution can affect the clinical significance of SBRT pre-treatment volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) verification results.MethodsThree detectors (PTW OCTAVIUS 4D 729, 1500 and 100 SRS) used in five configurations with different resolution were compared: 729, 729 merged, 1500, 1500 merged and 1000 SRS. Absolute local gamma passing rates of 3D pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) were evaluated for 150 dose distributions in 30 plans. Five different kinds of error were introduced in order to establish the detection sensitivity of the three devices. Percentage dosimetric differences were evaluated between planned dosevolume histogram (DVH) and patients’ predicted DVH calculated by PTW DVH 4D® software. Results:The mean gamma passing rates and the standard deviations were 92.4% ± 3.7%, 94.6% ± 1.8%, 95.3% ± 4.2%, 97.4% ± 2.5% and 97.6% ± 1.4 respectively for 729, 729 merged, 1500, 1500 merged and 1000 SRS with 2% local dose/2mm criterion. The same trend was found on the sensitivity analysis: using a tight gamma analysis criterion (2%L/1mm) only the 1000 SRS detected every kind of error, while 729 and 1500 merged detected three and four kinds of error respectively. Regarding dose metrics extracted from DVH curves, D50% was within the tolerance level in more than 90% of cases only for the 1000 SRS.ConclusionsThe detector resolution can significantly affect the clinical significance of SBRT pre-treatment verification results. The choice of a detector with resolution suitable to the investigated field size is of main importance to avoid getting false positive.     

Weekly changes in basal metabolic rate with eight weeks of overfeeding

Objective : The contribution of basal metabolic rate (BMR) to weight gain susceptibility has long been debated. We wanted to examine whether BMR changes in a linear fashion with overfeeding. Our hypothesis was that BMR does not increase linearly with 1000‐kcal/d overfeeding in lean healthy subjects over 8 weeks. The null hypothesis states that BMR increases linearly with 1000‐kcal/d overfeeding in lean healthy subjects. Research Methods and Procedures : Initially, 16 lean healthy sedentary subjects completed 2 weeks of weight maintenance feeding at the General Clinical Research Center. The subjects were then overfed by 1000 kcal/d over 8 weeks. BMR was measured under standard conditions each week using indirect calorimetry. Results : Baseline BMR was 1693 ± 154.5 kcal/d. BMR increased from 1711 ± 201.3 kcal/d at week 1 of overfeeding to 1781 ± 171.65 kcal/d at the second week of overfeeding (p = 0.05). BMR fell during the third week of overfeeding to 1729 ± 179.5 kcal/d (p = 0.05). After 5 weeks of overfeeding, BMR reached a plateau. Thereafter, there was no further change. Comparison of BMR with weeks of overfeeding was significantly different compared with the linear model (p < 0.05). Discussion : Increases in BMR in lean sedentary healthy subjects with 1000‐kcal/d overfeeding are not linear over 8 weeks. There seems to be a short‐term increase in BMR in the first 2 weeks of overfeeding that is not representative of longer‐term changes.