斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒抑制苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒诱导的斜纹夜蛾细胞凋亡

野生型苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcMNPV)感染斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)细胞系Sl-zsu-1,可引起典型的细胞凋亡;但可以在草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)细胞Sf-9中复制并形成多角体.比较了AcMNPV p35基因在病毒感染两种细胞的复制和转录情况,认为p35在非受纳细胞中及时有效的表达能阻止细胞发生凋亡;共感染实验结果表明,斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, SpltMNPV)可以抑制AcMNPV诱导的细胞凋亡并可帮助病毒进行复制,推测SpltMNPV基因组中与p35同源的p49基因挽救了细胞的自杀行为.     

昆虫杆状病毒泛青基因研究进展

昆虫杆状病毒是目前已知唯一编码泛素（ubiquitin）的病毒。迄今,已克隆了8种该类病毒的泛素基因。与真核生物Uba52(80)相似,这些基因在一个泛素分子的C－末端都有不同长度的融合,其中余纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,SpltMNPV）的ubiquitin-gp37基因是一个典型的融合基因。近年来,对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Autographa california multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV）泛素的定位与功能研究取得了重要进展。     

杆状病毒凋亡抑制基因

杆状病毒(baculoviruses)感染昆虫细胞会引发细胞凋亡,然而病毒为了确保自身的复制和繁殖会抑制宿主细胞的凋亡.杆状病毒在长期进化过程中获得了凋亡抑制基因,如苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica MNPV, AcMNPV)中的p35基因,棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, HaSNPV)基因组中的IAP基因家族,以及莲纹夜蛾核形多角体病毒(Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, SpliMNPV)的p49基因等.尽管这些基因都具有抑制细胞凋亡的功能,但是作用途径和方式却各有差异.对杆状病毒3种抗凋亡基因的结构和功能作一简单的介绍和评述.     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（HaSNPV）Hind Ⅲ—L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV）基因组的HindⅢ－L片段的全序列。该片段全长2635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框：HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因（lef10 ),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因）,Ac56（AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因）。与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SeMNPV）的同源性最高。为64％,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒（OpMNPV）的同源性最低,为43％;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高。为65％,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49％。序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链（leucine zipper）。     

杆状病毒转移载体的构建及绿色荧光蛋白在斜纹夜蛾幼虫中的表达

为构建斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒 （SpltMNPV）的重组病毒,以该病毒日本C3株基因组DNA为PCR扩增模板,根据GenBank SpltMNPV中国G2株基因序列,设计了两对引物分别扩增多角体蛋白基因的5′端侧翼序列（含启动子）和3′端侧翼序列（含终止子）,将这两个片段依次克隆于pUC18质粒载体后,再将绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因亚克隆到上述载体的多角体蛋白基因启动子和终止子之间,获得转移载体pSplt-gfp。将pSplt-gfp与野生型SpltMNPV 基因组DNA共转染Spli细胞,通过同源重组和有限稀释法筛选,获得了以gfp基因替代多角体蛋白基因的重组病毒SpltMNPV-gfp。SpltMNPV-gfp感染Spli细胞和斜纹夜蛾幼虫,分别在感染24h和48h后可发现绿色荧光蛋白的表达。该重组病毒的获得,为建立斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒表达体系奠定了基础。     

杨扇舟蛾颗粒体病毒gra基因的分析

本研究利用已知的颗粒体蛋白基因(granulin,gra)设计引物,通过PCR扩增得到ClanGV的gra基因.对PCR结果序列分析表明,ClanGV的gra基因开放阅读框(ORF)全长747bp,共编码248个aa,预计编码的蛋白质大小为29.3kDα.在启始密码子ATG上游-24bp处,有一个杆状病毒晚期启动子序列,ATAAG.有两个TATA框,分别位于ATG上游的26bp和65bp位置.基于gra的同源分析和进化树分析表明,ClanGV和茶小卷叶蛾颗粒体病毒(Adoxophyes orana granulovirus,AoGV)、苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒(Cydia pomonella granulovirus,CpGV)、云杉卷叶蛾颗粒体病毒(Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus,CfGV)、马铃薯块茎蛾颗粒体病毒(Phthorimaeaoperculella granulovirus,PoGV)的亲缘关系较近.利用提取的颗粒体蛋白免疫家兔,制备了抗体进行免疫杂交分析,结果显示ClanGV除了与分月扇舟蛾颗粒体病毒(Clostera anastomosis L.granulovirus,CaLGV)的颗粒体蛋白有较强的杂交信号外,与棉铃虫核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaNPV)多角体蛋白也有明显的杂交带出现,与甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒(Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus,SeNPV)只有非常微弱的杂交信号.     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒几丁质酶基因及杆状病毒 几丁质酶基因的分子进化

用PCR方法扩增了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）几丁质酶基因,测定了基因编码区的核苷酸全序列。基因编码区全长1.713 bp,可编码570个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,预计分子量为63.6 kD。将所推导的HaSNPV几丁质酶氨基酸序列与其它已知杆状病毒几丁质酶氨基酸序列进行联配比较,结果表明HaSNPV 与谷实夜蛾H.zea单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（HzSNPV）的氨基酸序列非常相似,同源性高达90.7%,与苜蓿丫纹夜蛾Autographa californica多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV）、家蚕Bombyx mori核型多角体病毒（BmNPV）、美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea核型多角体病毒（HcNPV）、舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（LdMNPV）、黄杉毒蛾Orgyia pseudotsugata多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（OpMNPV）和云杉卷叶蛾Choristoneura fumiferana核型多角体病毒（CfMNPV）氨基酸序列同源性分别为64.4%、64.9%、64.2%、62.9%、66.2%和61.5%。根据氨基酸序列用PC＼GENE程序绘制已知杆状病毒几丁质酶的分子系统树,并与杆状病毒中最为保守的多角体蛋白基因系统树作了比较,结果表明几丁质酶基因和多角体蛋白基因的进化速率是不尽相同的。     

三种夜蛾科昆虫核型多角体病毒DNA相关性的研究

核型多角体病毒属杆状病毒科,主要感染鳞翅目、双翅目和膜翅目的昆虫,具有90～160kb长的双链,超螺旋DNA基因组。现已发现约500种核型多角体病毒,这些病毒之间有什么关系？它们的亲缘关系如何？我们以甘兰夜蛾核型多角体病毒（简称MbNPV）、甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（简称SeNPV）和斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（简称SINPV）为材料,用限制性内切酪和分子杂交技术对它们的基因组DNA进行比较研究,并对其中一种病毒MbMV多角体蛋白基因进行了定位,现将结果报道如下;材料和方法1材料甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾健康幼虫,病毒麦种MbNPV、SeN…     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)Hind Ⅲ-L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)基因组的HindⅢ-L片段的全序列.该片段全长2 635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因(lef10),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因),Ac56(AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因).与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SeMNPV)的同源性最高,为64%,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒(OpMNPV)的同源性最低,为43%;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高,为65%,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49%.序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链(1eucine zipper)     

四种杆状病毒血清学关系的研究

血清学性质可作为病毒分类鉴定的依据,为此作者提纯芹菜夜蛾核多角体病毒-D克隆株（SfaMNPV-D)与棉铃虫单粒包埋核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV),斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SLMNPV）,粉蚊夜蛾颗粒体病毒（TnGV)等四种杆状病毒的病毒粒子和多角体蛋白（颗粒体蛋白）作为抗原免疫家兔后制取抗血清,经1%琼脂糖免疫电泳,结果发现多角体病毒之间血清关系比与颗粒病毒血清学关系更密切。     

Characterization of a baculovirus newly isolated from the tea slug moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Iragoidae fasciata</Emphasis>

The tea slug moth Iragoidae fasciata (Lepidoptera, Eucleidae) is one of the main insect pests that attack tea bushes. A new nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) called Iragoidae fasciata NPV (IrfaNPV) was recently isolated from diseased larvae. An 11,626 bp fragment of the viral genomic DNA containing the polyhedrin gene and other 12 genes was cloned and sequenced. Gene comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that IrfaNPV is a member of the Group I NPVs. However, the genomic organization of IrfaNPV is highly distinct. In addition, electron microscopy analysis showed that IrfaNPV is a single nucleocapsid NPV (SNPV). An inoculation assay showed that IrfaNPV is semi-permissive in the Trichoplusia ni cell line Tn-5Bl-4. Bioassays on lethal concentration (LC₅₀) and lethal time (LT₅₀) were conducted to test the susceptibility of I. fasciata larvae to the virus.     

木薯FER基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表达分析

植物铁蛋白(Ferritin, FER)既能存储铁,又能响应各种非生物胁迫。该研究基于全基因组水平对木薯(Manihot esculenta)的FER基因家族进行分析,结果表明, 从木薯中共鉴定到4个FER基因,根据系统发育树将木薯FER基因划分为2支,所有成员均包含Euk_Ferritin的功能结构域并位于叶绿体内。木薯FERs基因位于LG7~LG10染色体上;基因共线性分析表明,共有3对潜在的复制基因对,无串联重复事件;Ka/Ks值表明,MeFER同源基因经过了纯化选择;该家族含有响应激素和胁迫诱导的顺式作用元件;qRT-PCR分析表明,MeFER基因的表达具有组织特异性,MeFER4基因响应多种胁迫,且在干旱胁迫下响应最为显著。该研究为木薯FER基因家族的功能研究奠定了基础。     

N-terminal polyhedrin sequences and occludedBaculovirus evolution

Summary A phylogenetic tree for occluded baculoviruses was constructed based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of occlusion body proteins from six baculoviruses including three lepidopteran nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs), [two unicapsid (Bombyx mori andOrgyia pseudotsugata) and one multicapsid (Orgyia pseudotsugata)]; one granulosis virus (Pieris brassicae); and NPVs from a hymenopteran (Neodiprion sertifer) and a dipteran (Tipula paludosa). Amino acid sequence data for theB. mori NPV were from a report by Sere-bryani et al. (1977) and that for theO. pseudotsugata NPVs were reported previously by us (Rohrmann et al. 1979). The other N-terminal amino acid sequences are presented in this paper. The phylogenetic relationships determined based on the molecular evolution of polyhedrin were also investigated by antigenic comparisons of the proteins using a solid phase radioimmune assay. The results indicate that the lepidopteran NPVs are the most closely related of the above group of viruses and are related to these viruses in the following order:N. sertifer NPV,P. brassicae granulosis virus, andT. paludosa NPV. These data, in conjunction withBaculovirus distribution and evidence concerning insect phylogeny, suggest that theBaculovirus have an ancient association with insects and may have evolved along with them.     

Characterization of the antiapoptotic (p35) gene homologue of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (SlNPV)

Antiapoptotic genes of baculoviruses have been shown to prevent virus induced apoptosis in insect cells. Dot blot and Southern hybridizations of EcoRI genomic library and genomic digests of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (SlNPV) respectively give strong hybridization signals with antiapoptotic DNA (p35 gene) probe of the prototype Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). Both the hybridizations indicate the presence of a homologous gene in the 1.8 kb EcoRI-Y fragment of SlNPV. The sequence of 1.244 kb region of this fragment encompasses an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 296 amino acids under sequential early (TATA) and late (TAAG) promoter motifs like that in other baculovirus p35 genes. The putative SlNPV p35 ORF expresses abundantly as a 35 kDa protein in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells when allowed to express under the polyhedrin promoter of AcNPV.     

A mitochondrial DNA based phylogeny of weakfish species of the Cynoscion group (Pisces: Sciaenidae)

We infer the phylogeny of fishes in the New World Cynoscion group (Cynoscion, Isopisthus, Macrodon, Atractoscion, Plagioscion) using 1603 bp of DNA sequence data from three mitochondrial genes. With the exception of Plagioscion, whose position was ambiguous, the Cynoscion group is monophyletic. However, several genera examined are not monophyletic. Atlantic and Pacific species of Cynoscion are interspersed in the tree and geminate species pairs are identified. Intergeneric relationships in the group are clarified. Our analysis is the first comprehensive phylogeny for the Cynoscion group based on molecular data and provides a baseline for future comparative studies of this important group.     

猴樟叶绿体基因组特征分析

猴樟(Cinnamomum bodinieri)枝叶含有丰富的精油,是重要的园林绿化树种和经济树种,但目前有关猴樟基因组学的研究报道不多。为揭示猴樟叶绿体基因组特征及系统发育关系,该文基于高通量测序平台进行测序,从头组装了完整的猴樟叶绿体基因组,并对其基因组结构、基因构成及序列重复、密码子使用偏好性以及系统发育进行分析,结合樟亚科主要属物种叶绿体基因组数据构建系统发育树。结果表明:(1)猴樟叶绿体基因组全长152 727 bp,包括一对20 132 bp的反向重复(IRs)区、93 605 bp的大单拷贝(LSC)区和18 858 bp的小单拷贝(SSC)区,总GC含量为39.13%。(2)该基因组共编码127个基因,包括83个蛋白质编码基因(PCGs)、36个转运RNA基因(tRNAs)和8个核糖体RNA基因(rRNAs); 共鉴定出92个SSR位点,其中大部分是A/T组成的单核苷酸重复序列; 密码子适应指数(CAI)为0.166,有效密码子数(ENc)为54.68; 猴樟与近缘种的叶绿体基因组主要在IR区和2个SC区边界上存在一定的差异。(3)24种樟亚科植物的系统发育树显示,猴樟与樟树亲缘关系最近,同时支持了樟属-甜樟属分支(Cinnamomum-Ocotea Clade)、月桂属-新木姜子属分支(Laurus-Neolitsea Clade)、润楠属-鳄梨属分支(Machilus-Persea Clade)的建立。该研究丰富了猴樟遗传资源信息,进一步确定了樟亚科主要属的系统发育地位。     

Diversity and evolution of 5S rRNA gene family organization in Pythium

The 5S rRNA gene family organization among 87 species and varieties of Pythium was investigated to assess evolutionary stability of the two patterns detected and to determine which pattern is likely the ancestral state in the genus. Species with filamentous sporangia (Groups A-C according to the ITS phylogenetic tree for Pythium) had 5S genes linked to the rDNA repeat that were predominantly coded for on the DNA strand opposite to the one with the other rRNA genes (‘inverted’ orientation). A small group of species with contiguous sporangia (Group D) is related to Groups A-C but had unlinked 5S genes. The main group of species with spherical zoosporangia (Groups E-J) generally had unlinked 5S genes in tandem arrays. The six species in Group K, although they also have spherical sporangia, had linked genes on the same strand as the other rRNA genes ‘non-inverted’ and most of them had pairs of tandem 5S genes. The evolutionary stability of 5S sequence organization was compared with the stability of morphological characters as interpreted from a phylogeny based on ITS sequence analysis. Features of 5S sequence organization were found to be just as consistent within groups as were the morphological characters. To determine the ancestral type of 5S family organization, a survey of Phytophthora strains was conducted to supply an outgroup reference. The most parsimonious interpretation of the data in this survey yielded the tentative conclusion that the linked condition of the 5S sequences was ancestral.     

三种厚朴叶绿体基因组的比较研究

为了深入发掘日本厚朴、厚朴、凹叶厚朴叶绿体基因组差异,筛选厚朴优良性状候选基因,开展三种厚朴的分子遗传研究,该文利用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台首次对日本厚朴叶绿体进行测序、组装,并与已有的厚朴、凹叶厚朴叶绿体基因组共同注释,获得三个物种叶绿体基因图谱,筛选出三个基因组中的差异基因,又与同科中11个亲缘物种进行叶绿体基因组比对,构建NJ遗传树。结果表明：(1)日本厚朴叶绿体基因组的Clean Reads为19 791 019,Q30为91.33%,组装后基因组全长160 051 bp, GC含量为39.2%,含tRNA 37个,rRNA 8个。(2)比对分析发现三种厚朴具有相似的IR、LSC和SSC结构,以及GC含量和tRNA数量,但编码基因种类和数量、内含子和外显子的数量和结构等存在差异。(3)日本厚朴的功能基因数目较厚朴、凹叶厚朴分别多6个和4个,主要分布于LSC区和IR区,涉及核糖体大亚基、核糖体小亚基和未知功能基因类群。(4)系统发育分析结果进一步显示日本厚朴与凹叶厚朴亲缘关系较近,其次是厚朴。该研究表明日本厚朴具有更丰富的叶绿体基因组结构、组成和变异特征,是其适...     

母乳源乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8的遗传特征及基因组差异比较分析

【目的】母乳源乳双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis） Probio-M8具有优良的益生特性,本文拟从全基因组水平解析Probio-M8的遗传特征,并与已有益生功效的乳双歧杆菌的基因组进行比较分析。【方法】本研究基于NCBI已公开的21株乳双歧杆菌和1株模式菌株DSM10140^T的基因组数据,构建了核心基因集与泛基因集,解析该群体的系统发育关系,比较分析Probio-M8的遗传特征及功能基因组。【结果】22株乳双歧杆菌的泛基因集包含1 618个基因,其中核心基因1 514个,占泛基因集的93.57%,表明乳双歧杆菌核心基因集高度保守。以1 514个核心基因构建系统发育树,发现22株乳双歧杆菌分为两个分支,AD011单独为一个分支,Probio-M8和其他菌株与模式菌株DSM10140^T聚在同一分支,且Probio-M8与V9、BB-12、Bi-07、HN019的遗传距离极为接近。进一步分析耐药基因和毒力基因,在Probio-M8与V9、BB-12、Bi-07、HN019基因组上均检测到DfrA...     

地黄C3H基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

香豆酸-3-羟化酶属于植物中最大的蛋白酶细胞色素P450家族之一,在植物生命活动中发挥着重要作用。为了解地黄香豆酸-3-羟化酶基因RgC3H合成毛蕊花糖苷的功能,该研究基于地黄代谢组学分析获得KEGG途径中的C3H,采用多重比对在NCBI中获得同源基因的一个保守序列,并基于该保守序列和地黄SRA数据库,采用电子克隆和RT-PCR克隆技术获得地黄C3H基因全长CDS(RgC3H),对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:RgC3H基因全长为1 530 bp,且编码一个含509个氨基酸、分子量为57.91 kD、无信号肽的蛋白质; 基于氨基酸序列的结构分析显示,RgC3H有一个保守区域-P450结构域; 系统进化分析结果显示,RgC3H与芝麻和猴面花的C3H基因具有很高的同源性。上述结果为进一步研究RgC3H基因在地黄毛蕊花糖苷生物合成途径中的作用奠定了基础。