鸟类核型研究Ⅻ.省形目12种

本文在国内首次报道了省形目８科１２种鸟类染色体核型,其中阔嘴鸟科、河乌科的两科是世界上首次报道核型的科。比较研究表明：臂间倒位以及微小染色的相互副合在所描述的类群染色体进化中起到重要作用。     

鸟类核型研究Ⅻ．雀形目12种

本文在国内首次报道了雀形目８科１２种鸟类染色体核型，其中阔嘴鸟科、河乌科的两科是世界上首次报道核型的科。比较研究表明：臂间倒位以及微小染色体的相互融合在所描述的类群染色体进化中起到重要作用。     

鸟类核型研究Ⅸ，画眉亚科17种

本文报道了雀形目（翁＋鸟）科画眉亚科17种类核型,臂间倒位和小染色体缺失在该亚科进化中起重要作用。在核型比较基础上结合古地理以及生态资料对该类群的起源和进化作了初步探讨。     

鸡形目鸟类系统发生研究现状

综合形态学、行为学、分子系统发生等方面研究成果,对世界鸡形目鸟类科的系统关系以及属、种间系统发生的研究进展进行了阐述,侧重介绍与我国鸡形目鸟类相关类群的系统发生研究现状。与传统的系统关系比较,新的研究结果主要有:凤冠雉科和冢雉科不再是互为姊妹群;传统分类中的雉族和鹑族被证明并非单源而是多源的;雉族的原鸡属与鹑族的竹鸡属有很近的亲缘关系;灰山鹑、火鸡和松鸡类的系统发生关系可能很近。分子进化的研究表明雉科各属的起源主要集中在上新世。     

鸟类核型研究Ⅱ.雀形目12科19种

本文首次报道了雀形目12科19种鸟类核型。其中岩鹨科、攀雀科、绣眼鸟科为世界上首次报道核型的科。通过比较我们发现臂间倒位及小染色体的融合在核型进化中起了重要作用,同时对雀形目鸟类核型起源作了初步的探讨。     

江西武夷山雉科鸟类研究初报

2004年9月～2008年5月对江西武夷山国家级自然保护区的雉类资源进行了调查,查明区内分布有白眉山鹧鸪、灰胸竹鸡、黄腹角雉、白鹇、勺鸡、雉鸡、白颈长尾雉等雉科鸟类,隶属于7属7种,分别占我国雉类属、种数量的33.3%和12.7%.较常见的种类有灰胸竹鸡、白鹇和黄腹角雉.并对有关物种的生境利用特点、生物学特征和灾害性天气对其分布的影响等进行了初步分析.     

鸟类核型研究:Ⅻ.非雀形目10科与种鸟类

本文报道了非雀形目鸟类10科15种的核型,并对鸟类中某些核型分类与传统形态学分类不一致之处作了初步的分析。     

鸟类核型研究——Ⅻ.非雀形目10科5种鸟类

本文报道了非雀形目鸟类10科15种的核型,并对鸟类中某些核型分类与传统形态学分类不一致之处作了初步的分析。     

世界鸡形目鸟类

介绍了世界上鸡形目鸟类的分布、分类、形态特点、栖地类型及生活习性。世界鸡形目鸟类分为７个科,共计２８１种。中国鸡形目鸟类包括松鸡科８种和雉科５２种。介绍了中国鸡形目鸟类种的分类等方面的一些最新进展。     

四川七种蝙蝠的核型

本报道了四川地区7种蝙蝠的核型。菊头蝠科2种,即角菊头蝠(Rhinolophus comutus)的核型为2n=62,FN=60;栗黄菊头蝠(R．ssinicus)的核型为2n=36,FN=60。蹄蝠科1种,即大蹄蝠(H．armiger)的核型为2n=32,FN=60。蝙蝠科3种,即伏翼(Pipistrellus abramns)的核型为2n=26,FN=44;南蝠(Iaio)的核型为2n=50,FN=48;山蝠(Nyctalus velutinus)的核型为2n=36,FN=50。犬吻蝠科的皱唇蝠(Tadarida teniotis)的核型为2n=48,FN=62。南蝠的核型为首次报道,但栗黄菊头蝠的核型2n=36与安徽张维道报道相同,而与印度和斯里兰卡同种R．rouxii的核型2n=56迥异。分布在中国的栗黄菊头蝠R．sinicus应为独立种而不是R．rouxii的中国亚种。另5种蝙蝠的核型与前人研究结论基本一致。     

鸟类核型研究 Ⅲ.莺亚科和鹟亚科14种

本文报道了莺亚科10种和鹟亚科4种的核型,并对已报道过的这二亚科18种鸟类的核型进行了比较研究。这两个亚科通常依据表型差异被划分在一个科——鹟科中。Siblcy(1988)等则依据DNA差异(通过DNA—DNA分子杂交测定)将它们划在不问的三个科(鹟科、莺科和戴菊科)中。核型比较的结果支持了Sibley对这两亚科鸟类的重新划分。     

鸟类核型研究：Ⅴ.攀禽类20种（Climbers,Aves）

本文报道了攀禽类8科20种的核型,并对已报道过的16科96种攀禽类鸟类的核型进行了比较研究。攀禽类通常依据表型差异被划分为对趾型,并趾型和异趾型三个类群。Sibley(1988)等则依据DNA差异(通过DNA-DNA分子杂交测定)分为三个小纲:啄木鸟小纲,佛法僧小纲和雀小纲。这两种划分是截然不同的。核型比较的结果支持了Sibley对攀禽类的划分。     

稀莶属三种植物的核形态学研究

研究了稀莶属３种植物的染色体核形态结构,除稀莶的染色体数目曾有报道外,毛梗稀莶、腺梗稀莶还未有报道,３种植物的核型为首次报道。它们的静止核均属于复杂染色中心微粒型,分裂前期染色体均属于渐变型。中期体细胞染色体数目都为２ｎ＝３０,本属的染色体基数为ｘ＝１５,核型分别为：（１）腺梗稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２９ｍ＋１ｓｍ,属于１Ｂ型;（２）毛梗稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２８ｍ＋２ｓｍ,属于１Ｂ型;（３）稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２     

豆科山羊豆族2属5种植物的核型分析

报道了产于中国西北地区豆科山羊豆族2属5种植物的核型.结果表明,这5种豆科植物均为二倍体,其核型公式分别为:单叶黄耆(Astragalus efoliolatus),2n=16=12m 4sm,2A"核型;鸡峰山黄耆(A.kifonsanicus),2n=16=12m 4sm,2A"核型;太原黄耆(A.taiyuanensis),2n=16=8m 6sm 2t(2SAT),2B"核型;变异黄耆(A.variabilis),2n=16=14sm 2t(2SAT),3A"核型;贺兰山岩黄耆(Hedysarum petrovii),2n=16=12m 4sm(2SAT),2A"核型.除变异黄芪外,其余各种的染色体数目及核型均为首次报道.     

中国含笑属核型分析

对我国木兰科Magnoliaceae含笑属Michelia 12个种的核型进行了研究,核型公式如下:火力楠 M．macclurei var．sublanea 2n=34m(2SAT)+4sm;白兰M．alba 2n=34m+4sm;多花含笑M.flori- bunda 2n=30m+8sm;黄兰M.champaca 2n=32m+6sm;石碌含笑M.shiluensis 2n=32m+6sm;阔 瓣含笑M . platypetala 2n=32m+6sm(2SAT);含笑M．figo 2n=32m+6sm;深山含笑M．maudiae 2n=32m+6sm;长蕊含笑M. longistamina 2n=32m=6sm;金叶含笑M.foveolata 2n=34m=4sm; 野含笑M.skineriana 2n=30m+8sm;峨嵋含笑M.wilsonii 2n=30m+8sm(2SAT)。该属核型全部为 对称核型,除多花含笑为1A类型外,其他均为2A核型。含笑属种间核型具有很大相似性,核型资料对该属属以下的分类帮助不大。     

Chromosome polymorphism in Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei, Characidae). 1. Karyotype analysis, Ag-NORs and mapping of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes in sympatric karyotypes and their possible hybrid forms

Astyanax fasciatus may be characterized as a chromosomally diversified 'species' presenting distinct cytotypes, each with its specific variants. The sympatric and syntopic occurrence of different cytotypes reinforces the hypothesis in which A. fasciatus may represent a group of species currently placed under a single common designation. Specimens from three collection points spread along the Mogi-Gua?u River in southeast Brazil were examined in the present work: (1) near its headwaters (Ouro Fino--MG), (2) in the middle region of the river (Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassunun ga--SP) and (3) close to its confluence with the Pardo River (Barrinha--SP). The 2n = 48 chromosomes cytotype was found in all sampling points, while cytotype 2n = 46 was only encountered in Barrinha and Cachoeira de Emas. In the latter locality, cytotype 2n = 46 predominated; nevertheless, other karyotype forms with 2n = 45 and 47 chromosomes also occurred, besides a structural variant of cytotype 2n = 46. One specimen with 2n = 47 chromosomes was also found in Ouro Fino. The Ag-NOR analysis, as well as the location of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes, were conserved in all cytotypes. The data indicate that the variant karyotypes are a consequence of interbreeding between the standard cytotypes (2n = 46 and 48) and/or its descendants. This suggests a karyotype plasticity for this species, where at least a few variant karyotypes would not have deleterious effects on their bearers.     

Karyological differences of the Northern Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma malma and the white char Salvelinus albus from the Kamchatka River basin

The karyotypes of northern Dolly Varden and white char, sympathrically inhabiting the Kamchatka River basin, were studied. The karyotype of Dolly Varden was stable: 2n = 78 and NF = 98 + 2, while in white char, polymorphism and mosaicism for the chromosome number were revealed: 2n = 76-79, NF = 98 + 2. Using a routine chromosome staining technique, the karyotype of white char (2n = 78) was shown to be identical to that of Dolly Varden. In both karyotypes, similar sets of marker chromosomes were present: two pairs of submetacentric (SM), one pair of submeta-subtelocentric (SM-ST), one pair of large acrocentric (A), and one pair of large sub-telocentric (ST) chromosomes. However, the karyotypes of Dolly Varden and white char differed in the number and location of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). In Dolly Varden, single NORs located in the telomeric regions of the marker SM-ST chromosomes were observed. In white char, NORs were multiple and located both in the telomeric regions of the marker SM-ST chromosomes and on the short and long arms of large ST chromosomes. The identical marker chromosomes indicate considerable phylogenetic relatedness between Dolly Varden and white char from the Kamchatka River basin. Variation in NORs provides evidence for the reproductive isolation of these chars and their species status.