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1.
为了研究沙漠稀有植物准噶尔无叶豆(Eremosparton songoricum)的开花物候特征及其对生殖成功的影响, 2005和2006年连续两年对其自然种群的开花物候和开花过程中的花部表型变化进行了观察, 并运用相对开花振幅、开花强度和开花同步性等开花物候指数研究了开花物候特征。结果表明: 准噶尔无叶豆在5月下旬至6月中下旬开花, 其种群、个体、花序和单花的花期分别历时26~29 d、8~10 d、5~7 d和2~3 d。单花开花进程依其形态和散粉特征可分为散粉前期、散粉初期、散粉盛期和凋谢期4个时期。其个体水平的开花物候进程(开花振幅曲线)呈渐进式单峰曲线, 具有很高的开花同步指数, 表现出一种集中开花的模式。开花物候指数与座果数之间的相关分析结果表明, 始花日期与花期持续时间存在负相关关系, 而与开花数和座果数存在正相关关系; 花期持续时间与开花数和座果数存在显著正相关关系。准噶尔无叶豆个体开花物候在很大程度上是由其遗传因子决定的, 而开花物候在年度间的变异, 可能是由于荒漠气候的差异(主要是水分和温度的差异)所引起的。作为沙漠窄域分布特有种, 准噶尔无叶豆在环境和人为干扰的双重选择压力下, 为了吸引更多的传粉者访问而达到生殖成功, 形成了大量集中开花的模式。 相似文献
2.
采用实地观测的方法,对南充市金城山三个不同生境中柔毛淫羊藿的开花物候特征及其生殖特性进行了研究。结果表明:柔毛淫羊藿花期为3月上旬至4月上旬,其种群、个体、花序和单花的花期分别历时30~41、22~34、9~18和4~8 d。三个生境中柔毛淫羊藿种群的开花物候进程基本相同,均呈单峰集中开花式样,因而能够吸引更多的传粉者访问而达到生殖成功。开花物候指数与坐果数之间的相关分析结果表明,坐果数与始花日期存在显著的负相关关系,与花期持续时间和开花数均呈极显著的正相关关系。揭示了药用植物柔毛淫羊藿的开花物候特征与生殖特性。 相似文献
3.
《生态学杂志》2017,(7)
为了明确城市园林中紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)开花物候的变化特征,探讨花期影响因素和指导开花植物配置,对川南城市园林栽培的紫薇植株进行定期观测,记录了紫薇的2011—2014年开花物候,分析个体、群体水平上物候事件的差异以及植株大小和气候因子的影响。结果表明:紫薇个体在6月初至9月中旬进入花期,末花期多在10月,花期持续8~137 d,具有60~90 d花期的植株比例最高;不同年份开花植株比例和物候特征存在一定差异,种群水平花期持续时间最短为2014年的106 d,最长为2012年的130 d;但开花植株数量的时间格局总体相似,始花期与花期持续时间之间相关性显著;基径显著影响紫薇的开花物候特征,较大的植株往往开花较早,并且具有更长的花期;紫薇的盛花期多集中在7—9月;开花植株数量与前一个月的平均气温呈显著正相关,与同期温度、降雨量相关性不显著;紫薇开花物候在气候因子影响下年际间存在明显差异,也表现出一定规律性格局;园林中多样化的个体物候有利于维持群体水平上花期的观赏性,选择大植株可获得较稳定的观赏效果。 相似文献
4.
10~(-5)~1ppm表油菜素内酯(epi-BR),在短日照条件下抑制和推迟青萍6746开花;在长日照条件下则对青萍开花没有作用;在10~(-5)~10~(-1)ppmBR影响下,盛花期的鲜重和叶绿素含量增加,蛋白质含量下降。 相似文献
5.
水稻种子发育过程中种子蛋白四组分的差别合成(简报) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
~3H-亮氯酸标记实验表明,水稻种子蛋白的合成主要发生在开花后16天以前。开花后7~10天之间清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白4个组分都有很高的合成活力。谷蛋白的合成高峰在开花后7天,而其余组分在开花后10天时合成最活跃。 相似文献
6.
《中国科学:生命科学》2016,(11)
植物物候学主要研究植物的生活史事件发生时间和环境因子之间的关系.物候作为植物重要的功能性状,却未见有在群落水平上将植物物候变异和群落结构特征(多度)联系起来探究植物物候变异规律的报道.为了探索物候性状的种间种内变异规律,2012年4月~2015年8月在中国东部地区浙江省古田山国家级自然保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林24hm~2大样地(GTS;29°10′19.4″~29°17′41.4″N,118°03′49.7″~118°11′12.2″E)内,对106种植物的物候进行连续观测,用标准差定性分析物候的种间和种内差异.结果表明,影响开花物候的气候因子为降水,群落开花高峰集中在5月,结实成熟高峰集中在10月.群落结实物候种间差异小于开花物候,其中结实物候种间差异为41天,开花物候种间差异为52天;群落水平植物开花和结实物候的种内变异小于种间;大部分物种开花物候的种内变异小于结实物候.本研究首次探讨了物候期种内变异系数和物种多度的关系,也是首次研究物候种内变异系数与物候期早晚的关系,发现群落物候种内变异与物种的多度不相关,群落开花物候种内变异与物候期的关系不显著,群落结实物候的种内变异和物候期具有显著负相关关系,即物候期早的结实物候种内变异大,物候期晚的结实物候种内变异小.将植物物候变异和群落结构特征(多度)联系起来探究植物物候变异规律,有利于理解物候的改变是怎样影响物种的相互作用和适合度,这对于在气候变化大背景下理解植物性状变异及物种分化和群落动态变化具有重要意义. 相似文献
7.
芥菜HDA9是去乙酰化酶家族成员,能通过开花信号整合子(SOC1、AGL24)调控开花时间,但其深入的分子调控机制仍不清楚。利用重叠延伸PCR将芥菜HDA9的3个关键活性位点(Asp~(172)、His~(174)和Asp~(261))分别突变为Ala,构建氨基酸位点突变体HDA9~(D172A)、HDA9~(H174A)和HDA9~(D261A)。进一步将突变体融合到pGADT7载体,酵母单杂交表明,HDA9突变后仍能与开花整合子SOC1、AGL24的启动子结合。双荧光素酶系统深入检测发现,尽管HDA9~(D172A)、HDA9~(H174A)和HDA9~(D261A)与SOC1、AGL24启动子的结合仍存在,但作用强度均显著减弱。由此暗示,芥菜HDA9的第172、174和261这3个关键活性位点可在一定程度上调节它与开花整合子的相互作用。这为HDA9开花分子调控及功能解析等深入研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了研究角茴香的开花物候特征及其对生殖成功的影响,于2015年对其自然种群各水平的开花物候指数、开花过程中的花部特征变化和结实特性进行了观察和统计。结果表明:(1)角茴香种群花期为4月下旬至5月下旬,种群水平的花期持续时间为36 d。(2)单花具有独特的花瓣结构,其内层花瓣由白色的侧裂片和黄色的兜状中裂片构成,中裂片是角茴香植物花粉二次呈现的关键功能器官;开花进程依其外层花瓣开裂大小可分为4个阶段,即外层花瓣顶端未张口、外层花瓣顶端张口5~7 mm、外层花瓣顶端张口12~14 mm和外层花瓣顶端张口3~5 mm。(3)花序水平的开花振幅曲线呈渐进式单峰曲线,开花同步指数为0.748,个体水平表现出较高的相对开花强度,其分布频度的偏斜率为0.45,主要频度范围分别集中在20%~30%和50%~70%之间。(4)花序水平的始花日期与花期持续时间存在显著负相关关系,开花数与座果数存在显著正相关关系。(5)自然状态下,角茴香结实率和结籽率分别是82.7%±0.1%和93.6%±0.8%。角茴香开花强度分布频度上出现的高、低强度的分异趋势是吸引传粉者、促进结实的有效生殖对策。 相似文献
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为系统掌握常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花物候节律,探讨其与营养物质的关系,本研究以6年生常春二乔玉兰为试验材料,观测其年生长发育节律、春夏季开花物候特性以及茎段营养物质的含量变化。结果表明:(1)每年12月始至翌年2月下旬为常春二乔玉兰休眠期。2月下旬花芽膨大生长,并于3月开始春季开花,花期持续约20 d。4月进行营养生长,5月完成花芽分化。5月底部分花芽膨大并于6月开始开花,夏季花期持续约20 d。7~9月为未膨大花芽的发育滞缓期。此外,少量夏季开放的花的基部侧芽再次分化形成花芽。10~12月随着落叶的开始,树体逐渐进入休眠期。(2)常春二乔玉兰营养生长后分化的花芽能够花开两季。春季开花为先花后叶,开花率为100%,开花同步率较高,雌、雄蕊发育正常,为可育花。夏季开花为花叶同放,开花率约为30%,且开花同步率较低,开放的花内雌、雄蕊发育异常,为不育花。(3)春季开花期间可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白呈下降趋势,淀粉含量于开花后期下降;夏季开花期间可溶性糖和淀粉总体呈先降后升趋势,而可溶性蛋白总体呈下降趋势。综上所述,常春二乔玉兰春、夏季开花期内开花模式存在一定差异,其显著节律特征与营养物质含量变化有关,推测低水平的可溶性糖及高水平的淀粉和可溶性蛋白有利于春季开花的启动,而低水平的可溶性蛋白及高水平的可溶性糖和淀粉含量则有利于夏季开花的实现。 相似文献
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LIShi-Jint ZHANGDian-Xiang LILin CHENZhong-Yi 《Acta Botanica Sinica》2004,46(3):271-278
The flowering phenology, pollination ecology and breeding system of Caesa/pinia crista L.were studied in Dinghushan Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China. The species started blooming in Februaryor March, then last till late April. It took about one week from first flower appearance to its full blooming,which lasted for 2-4 d. The pollen-ovule ratio was 18 000~500. The breeding system was self-incompatible,and protogynous xenogamy. Hymenoptera constituted the major group of pollinators. The pollination typeis ambophily, the species could be pollinated by wind if the pollinators were unavailable: this is the firstrecord of ambophily in the genus Caesalpinia. The floral structure adaptation to the pollinating behavior ofcarpenter bees was described. The influences of artificial treatments in pollination biological studies onthe flowering and fruiting of the plants were also discussed. 相似文献
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A comprehensive overview of the spatial and temporal variability of apple bud dormancy release and blooming phenology in Western Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jean Michel Legave Michael Blanke Danilo Christen Daniela Giovannini Vincent Mathieu Robert Oger 《International journal of biometeorology》2013,57(2):317-331
In the current context of global warming, an analysis is required of spatially-extensive and long-term blooming data in fruit trees to make up for insufficient information on regional-scale blooming changes and determinisms that are key to the phenological adaptation of these species. We therefore analysed blooming dates over long periods at climate-contrasted sites in Western Europe, focusing mainly on the Golden Delicious apple that is grown worldwide. On average, blooming advances were more pronounced in northern continental (10 days) than in western oceanic (6–7 days) regions, while the shortest advance was found on the Mediterranean coastline. Temporal trends toward blooming phase shortenings were also observed in continental regions. These regional differences in temporal variability across Western Europe resulted in a decrease in spatial variability, i.e. shorter time intervals between blooming dates in contrasted regions (8–10-day decrease for full bloom between Mediterranean and continental regions). Fitted sequential models were used to reproduce phenological changes. Marked trends toward shorter simulated durations of forcing period (bud growth from dormancy release to blooming) and high positive correlations between these durations and observed blooming dates support the notion that blooming advances and shortenings are mainly due to faster satisfaction of the heating requirement. However, trends toward later dormancy releases were also noted in oceanic and Mediterranean regions. This could tend toward blooming delays and explain the shorter advances in these regions despite similar or greater warming. The regional differences in simulated chilling and forcing periods were consistent with the regional differences in temperature increases. 相似文献
13.
Mossadok Ben-Attia Alain Reinberg Michael H. Smolensky Wafa Gadacha Achraf Khedaier Mamane Sani 《Chronobiology international》2016,33(4):419-430
Cereus peruvianus (Peruvian apple cactus) is a large erect and thorny succulent cactus characterized by column-like (cereus [L]: column), that is, candle-shaped, appendages. For three successive years (1100 days), between early April and late November, we studied the flowering patterns of eight cacti growing in public gardens and rural areas of north and central Tunisia, far from nighttime artificial illumination, in relation to natural environmental light, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation parameters. Flower blooming was assessed nightly between 23:00 h and until at least 02:00 h, and additionally around-the-clock at ~1 h intervals for 30 consecutive days during the late summer of each year of study to quantify both nyctohemeral (day–night) and lunar patterns. During the summer months of prolonged daytime photoperiod, flower blooming of C. peruvianus exhibited predictable-in-time variation as “waves” with average period of 29.5 days synchronized by the light of the full moon. The large-sized flower (~16 cm diameter) opens almost exclusively at night, between sunset and sunrise, as a 24 h rhythm during a specific 3–4-day span of the lunar cycle (full moon), with a strong correlation between moon phase and number and proportion of flowers in bloom (ranging from r = +0.59 to +0.91). Black, blue and red cotton sheets were used to filter specific spectral bands of nighttime moonlight from illuminating randomly selected plant appendages as a means to test the hypothesis of a “gating” 24 h rhythm phenomenon of photoreceptors at the bud level. Relative to control conditions (no light filtering), black sheet covering inhibited flower bud induction by 87.5%, red sheet covering by 46.6% and blue sheet covering by 34%, and the respective inhibiting effects on number of flowers in bloom were essentially 100%, ~81% and ~44%. C. peruvianus is a unique example of a terrestrial plant that exhibits a circadian flowering rhythm (peak ~00:00 h) “gated” by 24 h, lunar 29.5-day (bright light of full moon) and annual 365.25-day (prolonged summertime day length) environmental photoperiod cycles. 相似文献
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保鲜剂及冷藏对鹤望兰切花瓶插品质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文探讨不同保鲜剂、预处理液及冷藏时间对鹤望兰切花瓶插寿命和观赏品质的影响。结果表明,供试的8组瓶插保鲜液中,以配方5% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+100 mg/L CA+150 mg/L STS+100 mg/L CoCl2+25 mg/L EDTA-Na保鲜效果最佳,切花瓶插寿命(23.5 d)比CK延长15.2 d,小花开放率(56.1%)比CK提高1.19倍。供试的5组冷藏预处理液中,以10% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+75 mg/L KH2PO4·3H2O效果最佳,切花经过2~3周8~10℃冷藏后,瓶插寿命(13.7 d)比CK延长7.9 d,小花开放率(43.6%)比CK提高98.2%;该处理组鹤望兰切花的适宜冷藏时间可延长为3周。 相似文献
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Aspects of the reproductive biology of Cimicifuga nanchuanensis Hsiao have been studied to shed light on the endangerment of this species, endemic to Jingfo Mountain in Sichuan Province of China. The only one population of C. nanchuanensis includes 6 000 ~ 8 000 individuals, in which adult blooming plants accoum for 19%. Inflorescence is panicle,flowering period lasts from mid August to early October and fruits ripe in mid or late November. C. nanchuanensis is dichogamous and the stigmas mature 7 days after withering of flower. In natural conditions the rate of seed-setting is 5.8% ~ 7.0% in average. However, hand pollination can raise the rate greatly to 28.0%. Endosperm type is nuclear and embryos are just at the globular stage when seeds shed from their maternal plants. Pollen limitation is one of the reasons for this species endangerment. 相似文献
17.
巴旦杏花物候学与形态学研究 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
观察研究了喀什地区4个巴旦杏主栽品种的开花物候期,开花习性,花及花粉的形态特征等内容,结果表明:巴旦杏花期始于3月下旬或4月上旬,花期持续约10-20d,4个主栽品种花期相遇;品种间花的形态丰在差异,早开的花花质较好,晚开的花畸形花百分率较高,供试品种的花粉粒在扫描电镜下存在微形态上的差异。 相似文献
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The Effects of Selenium on Physiological Traits, Grain Selenium Content and Yield of Winter Wheat at Different Development Stages 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jianzhou Chu Xiaoqin Yao Zhaowei Yue Jingmin Li Junhui Zhao 《Biological trace element research》2013,151(3):434-440
The paper evaluated the effects of Se application time and rate on physiological traits, grain Se content, and yield of winter wheat by field experiment. Se application significantly increased grain Se content and yield, and the increased amount treated with 20 and 30 mg Se?L?1 was the highest. At blooming–filling stage, Se application significantly increased grain Se content, but did not affect yield. Chlorophyll content was increased by Se application, and the increased amount at heading–blooming stage was higher than that in wheat leaves at the other stages. At four development stages, Se treatments (except for 10 mg Se?L?1 at jointing–heading stage) significantly decreased the rate of superoxide (O2 ?) radical production. At heading–blooming (except for 50 mg Se?L?1) and blooming–filling stages, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content was significantly decreased by Se treatments. The rate of O2 ? production and H2O2 content at 20 and 30 mg Se?L?1 was the lowest. Se treatments (except for 10 mg Se?L?1 at regreening–jointing and blooming–filling stages) also induced an evident decrease in malondialdehyde content. Proline content induced by Se treatments at jointing–heading and heading–blooming stages was higher than that in wheat leaves at regreening–jointing and blooming–filling stages. At four development stages, Se treatments all significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity, and the treatments with 20 and 30 mg Se?L?1 also evidently increased reduced glutathione content. These results suggested that Se application at different development stages increased antioxidant capacity of wheat, reduced oxidant stress to some extent, and the effects of Se treatments was the best if Se concentration ranged between 20 and 30 mg Se?L?1. In addition, Se application time was more beneficial for Se accumulation and yield in wheat grain at heading–blooming stage. 相似文献
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Jessica L. Vaca-Uribe Laura L. Figueroa Maikol Santamaría Katja Poveda 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2021,23(4):545-556
- Pollination is essential to fruit production. How plant diversity and blooming events in and around orchards affect the pollinator community and the plant-flower-visitor network in neotropical systems remains largely unknown.
- We surveyed the flower visitors in deciduous fruit trees and alternative blooming resources (other crops, hedgerows and weeds) in Colombia across 6 orchards over 12 months. We evaluated whether plant species richness and blooming cover influenced abundance and richness of flower visitors, as well as network-level connectance and specialization. We also assessed the role of alternative blooming resources for the flower visitors of deciduous fruit trees.
- Overall, we found 66 taxa of flower visitors, 35 of which visited deciduous fruit trees. There was a greater abundance of flower visitors when there was higher richness of weedy species and greater blooming cover of deciduous fruit trees. Networks were less connected when there was lower crop and weedy species richness. Finally, flower visitor abundance and specialization increased when there were multiple hedgerow species in bloom with a high blooming cover.
- We highlight the importance of maintaining alternative blooming resources in and around the orchards to support deciduous fruit tree pollinators and diversity in the plant flower-visitor network.
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Jasminum spp. is cultivated for their fragrant flowers used in essential oil production and cosmetic uses. An attempt was made to study the temporal variations in floral scent volatiles composition including emitted, free endogenous and glycosyl‐linked volatile compounds from two summer‐blooming species namely, Jasminum auriculatum and Jasminum grandiflorum as well as from two winter‐blooming species namely, Jasminum multiflorum and Jasminum malabaricum. The overall emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found to be highest when the matrix Porapak Q 80/100 was used with dichloromethane (DCM) as elution solvent. The floral volatile emission from bud to senescence exhibited nocturnal maxima pattern for both the summer‐blooming species. Both the winter‐blooming species emitted its highest concentration at noon. The free endogenous concentrations of all VOCs were low when corresponding emitted concentrations were high. Enzymatic treatment of petal extract revealed that several aromatic volatiles including aromatic alcohols and monoterpenols are synthesized and stored in the flowers as water‐soluble glycosides; these compounds were shown to accumulate in higher amounts in flowers at late bud stage. These findings indicate the utilization of the precursors, i.e. the volatile‐conjugates, through hydrolysis followed by their release as free‐volatiles at flower opening stage. The outcome as a whole suggests a linkage among the temporal pattern of emitted volatiles, free‐endogenous volatiles and glycoside‐bound volatile compounds in all above studied Jasminum spp. and provided an overview of their floral volatilome. 相似文献