东方粘虫飞行初期糖类的动用和消耗

本文研究了静态和飞翔开始阶段东方粘虫Mythimna separta(Walker)飞翔肌、脂肪体及肠道内糖元和海藻糖以及血淋巴内海藻糖含量的动态变化。飞行1h后脂肪体内消耗糖元最多,约占总消耗糖类的80%-90%;其次是肠道组织的糖元消耗,飞翔肌内糖类含量是有限的,仅够飞翔最初时期(3min)使用。在此时期,飞翔肌海藻糖含量上升然后下降,脂肪体和肠道海藻糖经历下降和继而上升的变化。然而,血淋巴内海藻糖含量一直下降到流入和流出量持平。雄蛾飞翔肌糖类代谢水平高于雌娥飞翔肌。     

丝状真菌被孢霉产生油脂的研究

被孢霉的三个菌株Mortierella sp.M10,M13与M14生长在以葡萄糖为碳源、尿素为氮源的液体培养基中,所得到的菌丝体内堆积含γ-亚麻酸的油脂。油脂产率以M10菌株为高,而油脂中的γ-亚麻酸含量却以M14菌株为高。这种油脂的脂肪酸中,所含饱和脂肪酸主要有豆蔻酸(C14:0),棕榈酸(C16:0)和硬脂酸(C18:0);所含不饱和脂肪酸主要有棕榈油酸(C16:1),油酸(C18:1),亚油酸(C18:2)以及γ-亚麻酸(C18:3,n-6)。上述被孢霉菌株的培养物接种在含葡萄糖、尿素的培养基中生长大约48小时后,菌丝体顶端细胞形成鼓胀球状,此后仍继续胀大。菌体细胞形态的这种特异变化,可能与胞内油脂的累积有关。     

杨梅核脂肪酸及蜡质成分分析

采用GC-MS联用技术,对杨梅(Myrica rubra)核中的脂肪酸及蜡质成分进行了分析.结果表明,杨梅核中脂肪酸和蜡质的总含量为31.10%,其中含有8种脂肪酸和3种长链烷烃,主要为棕榈酸(C16:0)28.22%、亚油酸(C182)14.4%、顺式-油酸(C18:1)25.74%、芥酸(C22:1)15.68%、十七烷5.2%、十八烷5.87%和十九烷4.71%,是一种优质和价廉的脂肪酸来源.     

紫苏种子脂肪酸组成及合成代谢研究进展

紫苏是一种新型油料作物,种子含油量为35%左右,紫苏籽油脂肪酸组成丰富,含有棕榈酸(16:0)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、亚油酸(18:2)和α-亚麻酸(18:3)等,其中α-亚麻酸(ALA)含量高达60%,广泛用于功能性保健食品、药物及油脂化工业.介绍紫苏种子脂肪酸组成及合成代谢基本途径,对近年来脂肪酸合成代谢基因工程研究进行概述与展望.     

灵芝孢子油脂肪酸组分的分析

采用气相色谱与质谱(GC-MS)联用分析,从超临界CO2萃取孢子油中鉴定出18种脂肪酸成分,包括6种不饱和脂肪酸、7种饱和脂肪酸、2种环链脂肪酸,以及己酸、辛酸、壬酸等短链脂肪酸。GC定量分析结果表明:灵芝孢子油中检出9种已知脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸总量为73.6%;其中,主体成分油酸(C18∶1)、亚油酸(C18∶2)和棕榈酸(C16∶0)等含量分别为57.5%、13.4%、19.6%;此外,不饱和脂肪酸十六碳烯酸(C16∶1)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)等不饱和脂肪酸含量为2.2%、0.5%。     

瓶鼻海豚肌肉组织营养组成特征分析

分析了2只瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)肌肉组织的营养组成。分析部位包括胸腔内肌肉、背肌、腹肌和尾肌四个部分。分析结果表明,2只海豚腹肌和尾肌粗脂肪含量较其他部位高,蛋白质及灰分在肌肉组织中的分布规律不明显。海豚不同部位氨基酸组成具有极高的一致性,含量最高的氨基酸均为谷氨酸,最低的是胱氨酸,胸腔内肌肉和背肌中必需氨基酸含量较高,但不同部位必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例基本相当。海豚肌肉组织均存在棕榈酸(16:0)、棕榈油酸(16:1)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、EPA(20:5ω-3)及DHA(22:6ω-3)等脂肪酸,这些脂肪酸是动物及鱼油中典型的脂肪酸。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的总量与单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的总量相近且大于多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的总量。不饱和脂肪酸中ω-3/ω-6的比值与其他海洋生物相比(通常高于4,有的高达50)明显偏低。海豚肌肉组织中富含Ca、Fe及Zn、Cu、Mn、Se等微量元素。     

发菜膜脂及其脂肪酸组成

对野生发菜(Nostocflagelliforme Bom.et Flab)的膜脂(主要成分为类囊体膜脂)及其脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析.发菜的膜脂由单半乳糖甘油二酯(MGDG)、双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)、磷酯酰甘油(PG)和硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)组成,其酯酰基连接有棕榈酸(16:0)、十六碳烯酸(16:1)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、亚油酸(18:2)和亚麻酸(18:3)6种脂肪酸.发菜的不饱和脂肪酸含量可达总脂的73%,特别是16:1和18:3分别高达29%和34%,远远高于已报道的其他蓝藻,说明了发菜类囊体膜具有较强的抗逆性特点.同时还对复水30 min和复水后生长24 h的发菜膜脂及其脂肪酸组成进行了分析.结果表明,复水对野生发菜的膜脂及其脂肪酸组成没有显著影响,说明发菜的膜脂和脂肪酸组成在干燥-吸水过程中能保持很高的稳定性.     

酿酒酵母脂酰-△9脱氢酶亚细胞定位表达及其对烟草脂肪酸合成的影响

以烟草Nicotiana tabacum L.为宿主植物,分别在细胞质内质网和质体内定位表达酿酒酵母Saccharom,ees cerevisiae脂酰-CoA-△9脱氢酶(Sc△9D),以期提高植物组织中棕榈油酸(16∶1△9)的积累量和分析该酶不同亚细胞定位表达对油脂代谢的影响.与野生型和空载体(对照)植物相比,转基因烟草植株叶片中单不饱和的棕榈油酸及顺式十八碳烯酸(18∶1△11)含量明显提高,而饱和的棕榈酸(16∶0)含量相应减少,多不饱和的亚油酸(18∶2△9,12)和亚麻酸(18∶3△9,12,15)含量亦降低.Sc△9D质体定位表达烟叶中棕榈油酸及顺式十八碳烯酸含量分别是Sc△9D细胞质内质网定位表达烟叶的2.7和1.9倍.这表明酵母脂酰-△9脱氢酶能在高等植物细胞中正确催化棕榈酸(16∶0)转化为棕榈油酸(16∶1△9),而且在质体内表达的效应显著高于在细胞质内质网上的效应.新建立了一种应用脂酰-CoA-△9脱氢酶代谢工程培育植物组织高水平合成积累棕榈油酸等ω-7脂肪酸的策略,有助于在生物量大的烟叶等营养器官中组装ω-7脂肪酸合成途径以生产优质生物燃油.     

富含11-廿碳烯酸的黄花倒水莲种子油

应用气相色谱和色谱-质谱方法分析鉴定了黄花倒水莲种子油的脂肪酸成分,其脂肪酸组成（％）为癸酸0．3,月挂酸0．3,肉豆蔻酸0．1,棕榈酸1．9,硬脂酸2．3,花生酸2．6,油酸3.8,11-廿碳烯酸88.5．一个未鉴定成分0．2．远志科植物中出现高含量的11-廿碳烯酸属首次报道。     

一株分离自美国龙虾的麦氏弧菌的鉴定及其低温状态下细胞脂肪酸的变化

[目的]对从美国龙虾(Homarus americanus)中分离的菌株F5-1进行种属鉴定并分析其低温状态下脂肪酸组成变化.[方法]通过VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪分析菌株的生理生化特征和进行药敏试验;16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析确定该菌株的系统发育学地位;通过气相色谱和质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析菌株的全细胞脂肪酸.[结果]菌株F5-1为革兰氏阴性菌,对弧菌抑制剂O/129敏感,对青霉素有耐药性;生理生化特征与麦氏弧菌(Vibrio metschnikovii)的相似性为96％,16S rRNA序列与麦氏弧菌(GenBank No.HQ658055)的相似性为99％;菌株的主要脂肪酸组成为C12∶0、C14∶0、C16∶0和C16∶1(n-7),不饱和脂肪酸(棕榈油酸)相对含量达34％,低温培养状态下,不饱和脂肪酸(棕榈油酸)相对含量增加至40％.[结论]将美国龙虾中分离的菌株F5-1鉴定为麦氏弧菌,该菌对多种药物敏感,菌细胞脂肪酸组成与来源于俄罗斯海参威某饮用水水库中分离的麦氏弧菌有较大差异.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.