尖吻蝮蛇毒类凝血酶促凝作用的研究

探讨尖吻蝮蛇毒类凝血酶（ＤＡＴＬＥ）的促凝作用特点及影响其药效的有关因素。方法测定ＤＡＴＬＥ诱导的体外全血浆及吸咐血浆凝固时间,不同实验条件对ＤＡＴＬＥ及凝血酶诱导体外全血浆凝固时间（ＴＴ）、白陶土部分凝血活酶时间（ＫＰＴＴ）和凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）的影响。结果在体外,ＤＡＴＬＥ能直接使人全血浆及吸咐血浆凝固,并呈剂量相关性,该促凝作用不受ＡＴ－Ⅲ和肝素的影响,Ｎａ＋离子抑制,而Ｃａ２＋离子能增强其促凝作用;ＤＡＴＬＥ促凝作用的最适ｐＨ值在５．０～８．５之间;ＤＡＴＬＥ在体内能增强内源性和外源性凝血作用,在０．０５～０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ的促凝剂量下,ＤＡＴＬＥ略使血浆纤原含量减少。结论ＤＡＴＬＥ为一类凝血酶,在一定剂量范围内,主要表现为促凝作用,有不同于凝血酶的特点。     

长白蝮蛇类凝血酶基因的克隆及分析

从长白蝮蛇（Agkistrodon halys Ussurin)毒腺中抽提总RNA,采用RT－PCR扩增其类凝血酶基因,经全序列测定,获得2个类凝血酶基因,ussurin和ussurase,它们全长分别为708和699个核苷酸,即分别编码236和233个氨基酸;根据同源性,推测它们的活性中心分别为His^43,Asp^88和Ser^182与His^40,Asp^85和Ser^179;二硫键分别为Cys^7-Cys^141,Cys^28-Cys^44,Cys^76-Cys^234,Cys^120-Cys^188,Cys^152-Cys^167和Cys^178-Cys^203;与Cys^7-Cys^138,Cys^25-Cys^41,Cys^73-Cys^231,Cys^117-Cys^185,Cys^149-Cys^164和Cys^175-Cys^200。该蛇毒类凝血酶cDNA序列及推导的氨基酸序列为首次报道。     

长白蝮蛇类凝血酶基因的克隆及分析

从长白蝮蛇（Agkistrodon halys Ussuriensis)毒腺中抽提总RNA,采用RT－PCR扩增其类凝血酶基因,经全序列测定,类凝血酶基因Ussurin全长为708个核苷酸,即编码236个氨基酸;根据同源性,推测它的活性中心为His^43,Asp^88和Ser^182;二硫键为Cys^7-Cys^141,Cys^28-Cys^44,Cys^76-Cys^234,Cys^120-Cys^188,Cys^152-Cys^167和Cys^178-Cys^203。该蛇毒类凝血酶cDNA序列及推导的氨基酸序列均为首次报道。     

尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒凝血酶样成分的研究——Ⅲ.蛇毒凝血酶止血效应的研究

将纯化得到的蛇毒凝血酶(TLE_3、TLE_4),经家兔体内实验表明,2—3凝血酶单位/kg体重剂量能显著地使家兔全血凝血时间缩短1/3—1/2。药后1小时即有促凝作用,以2—4小时凝血(止血)效应最强,12小时已消失。与Holleman, W. H.等自美洲矛头蝮蛇毒中得到的蛇毒凝血酶(Hemocoagulase)相似。经家兔及家犬实验性创伤止血实验表明,对创伤出血有止血作用。     

尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒凝血酶样成分的研究Ⅱ.酶学与血液学活的研究

对四个凝血酶样成分（TLP）的酶学性质的比较研究表明，它们都具有凝结（血）活性和精氨酸酯酶活性。其凝结活力TLP[4]>TLP[3]>TLP[1]>TLP[2]，Ca[++]有激活作用，但不被肝素、EDTA所抑制；精氨酸酯酶活力以TLP[1]、TLP[2]较高，Ca[++]、EDTA无明显的激活或抑制作用；TLP[1]对热比较稳定，TLP[4]对于酸碱变化比较稳定。经动物体内试验表明，TLP[1]、TLP[2]具有较强的去纤抗凝作用，TLP[3]、TLP[4]不显示抗凝作用，而显示出较强的促凝血作用。结果表明，尖吻蝮蛇毒美洲矛头蝮蛇毒一样，同时含有去纤酶（Defibrase）和蛇毒凝血酶（Hemocoagulaes）。这一结果对该蛇毒的研究与应用是很意义的。     

尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒凝血酶样成分的研究 Ⅱ.酶学与血液学活性的研究

对四个凝血酶样成分(TLP)的酶学性质的比较研究表明,它们都具有凝结(血)活性和精氨酸酯酶活性。其凝结活力TLP_4>TLP_3>TLP_1>TLP_2,Ca~(++)有激活作用,但不被肝素、EDTA所抑制;精氨酸酯酶活力以TLP_1、TLP_2较高,Ca~(++)、EDTA无明显的激活或抑制作用;TLP_1对热比较稳定,TLP_4对于酸碱变化比较稳定。经动物体内试验表明,TLP_1、TLP_2具有较强的去纤抗凝作用,TLP_3、TLP_4不显示抗凝作用,而显示出较强的促凝血作用。结果表明,尖吻蝮蛇毒与美洲矛头蝮蛇毒一样,同时含有去纤酶(Defibrase)和蛇毒凝血酶(Hemocoagulase)。这一结果对该蛇毒的研究与应用是很有意义的。     

五步蛇蛇毒类凝血酶N端的部分氨基酸序列

从五步蛇蛇毒中纯化得到的类凝血酶,在SDS-PAGE及IEF均为一条带,且分子质量约38 ku,等电点约为4.0。测定该酶N端15个氨基酸的序列是VIGGVECDINEHRFL,与其他的蛇毒类凝血酶有高度同源性。     

五步蛇毒降纤酶的快速分离与纯化

目的：建立快速分离纯化降纤酶工艺方法适合于规模化生产。方法以五步蛇毒为原料。采用ＥＤＴＡ络合－硫氰酸钾沉淀初步分离与快速离子交换和凝胶层析化相结合。分离纯化出符合新部颁标准的降纤酶成分。结果经初步分离五步蛇粗毒可使出血毒去除９２％,非类凝血酶（ＴＬＥ）成分去除６５．１７％,ＴＬＥ活性回收保持９２．６８％以上。层析组份中至少含有４种ＴＬＥ,其中１种为降酶成分。初步化学分离,。离子交换柱层析和凝胶过滤     

植物KCO基因密码子使用特性

以植物钾离子外排通道（K’channeloutward．rectifier,KCO）基因为研究对象,运用CodonW软件分析了75个植物KCO基因密码子的使用模式,探讨密码子的使用模式和影响密码子使用的各种可能因素。结果表明：碱基组成差异（r=0．961,P〈0．01）和自然选择（r=0．568,P〈0．01）是影响密码子使用的主要因素,并且高表达的基因强烈偏爱使用以G或C结尾的密码子。确定了UUC、CUC等26个均以G／C结尾的密码子为植物KcD基因的高表达优越密码子。     

落叶松-杨栅锈菌基因组密码子使用偏好分析

为了解落叶松‐杨栅锈菌密码子使用模式,并探究影响其密码子偏好形成的因素,本研究利用CondonW对落叶松‐杨栅锈菌标准菌株98AG31基因组中14 650个基因进行分析,计算基因的有效密码子数,及64个密码子的相对使用度等偏好性参数。结果表明,落叶松‐杨栅锈菌全基因组水平的密码子偏好程度较低,只有少数基因呈现出高偏好性。落叶松‐杨栅锈菌的高频密码子多以A或T结尾,而最优密码子则倾向以G或C结尾。PR2-plot分析及ENC-plot曲线与中性绘图分析显示,落叶松‐杨栅锈菌基因密码子使用模式受到选择压力和突变压力等多重因素的影响,相较于选择压力,落叶松‐杨栅锈菌基因密码子的偏好更多地受到突变压力的影响。相关性分析表明,密码子碱基组成会对密码子偏好性产生影响,其他因素如序列长度等均不会影响密码子偏好性。     

Analysis of mitochondrial protein‐coding genes of Antheraea assamensis: Muga silkworm of Assam

To understand the synonymous codon usage pattern in mitochondrial genome of Antheraea assamensis, we analyzed the 13 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes of this species using a bioinformatic approach as no work was reported yet. The nucleotide composition analysis suggested that the percentages of A, T, G,and C were 33.73, 46.39, 9.7 and 10.17, respectively and the overall GC content was 19.86, that is, lower than 50% and the genes were AT rich. The mean effective number of codons of mitochondrial protein‐coding genes was 36.30 and it indicated low codon usage bias (CUB). Relative synonymous codon usage analysis suggested overrepresented and underrepresented codons in each gene and the pattern of codon usage was different among genes. Neutrality plot analysis revealed a narrow range of distribution for GC content at the third codon position and some points were diagonally distributed, suggesting both mutation pressure and natural selection influenced the CUB.     

密码子偏性的分析方法及相关研究进展

密码子偏性是指生物体中编码同一种氨基酸的同义密码子的非均衡使用的现象,由于这一现象与遗传信息的载体分子DNA和生物功能分子蛋白质相关联,所以具有重要的生物学意义;本文概述了密码子偏性研究方面的基本理论和常用分析方法,归纳了密码子使用分析的常用软件和提供在线分析网站,介绍了与密码子偏性相关的生物学领域及最新的研究进展,并对深入研究进行展望。     

蛇毒类凝血酶鼠单克隆抗体的制备

采用杂交瘤技术,获得了４株稳定分泌抗蛇毒类凝血酶的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,均属ＩｇＧ１ｋ链,４株杂交瘤细胞培养上清液效价为 ４ × １０－１～４ × １０－２,腹水效价为 ４ × １０－１～３．２ ×１０－５。     

Experimental reduction of codon bias in the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene results in decreased ethanol tolerance of adult flies

The ethanol tolerance of adult transgenic flies of Drosophila containing between zero and ten unpreferred synonymous mutations that reduced codon bias in the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene was assayed. As the amino acid sequences of the ADH protein were identical in the four genotypes assayed, differences in ethanol tolerance were due to differences in the abundance of ADH protein, presumably driven by the effects of codon bias on translational efficiency. The ethanol tolerance of genotypes decreased with the number of unpreferred synonymous mutations, and a positive correlation between ADH protein abundance and ethanol tolerance was observed. This work confirms that the fitness effects of unpreferred synonymous mutations that reduce codon bias in a highly expressed gene are experimentally measurable in Drosophila melanogaster.     

Genome-wide codon usage profiling of ocular infective Chlamydia trachomatis serovars and drug target identification

Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t) is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria and is a major causative of infectious blindness and sexually transmitted diseases. Among the varied serovars of this organism, A, B and C are reported as prominent ocular pathogens. Genomic studies of these strains shall aid in deciphering potential drug targets and genomic influence on pathogenesis. Hence, in this study we performed deep statistical profiling of codon usage in these serovars. The overall base composition analysis reveals that these serovars are over biased to AU than GC. Similarly, relative synonymous codon usage also showed preference towards A/U ending codons. Parity Rule 2 analysis inferred unequal distribution of AT and GC, indicative of other unknown factors acting along with mutational pressure to influence codon usage bias (CUB). Moreover, absolute quantification of CUB also revealed lower bias across these serovars. The effect of natural selection on CUB was also confirmed by neutrality plot, reinforcing natural selection under mutational pressure turned to be a pivotal role in shaping the CUB in the strains studied. Correspondence analysis (COA) clarified that, C.t C/TW-3 to show a unique trend in codon usage variation. Host influence analysis on shaping the codon usage pattern also inferred some speculative relativity. In a nutshell, our finding suggests that mutational pressure is the dominating factor in shaping CUB in the strains studied, followed by natural selection. We also propose potential drug targets based on cumulative analysis of strand bias, CUB and human non-homologue screening.     

蛇毒类凝血酶的分子生物学研究进展及其应用

蛇毒类凝血酶在体外可以作用于纤维蛋白原使其凝固,具有类似凝血酶的功能。但在体内却表现出抗凝、降纤的功能。本概述了蛇毒类凝血酶对纤维蛋白原的识别和作用、序列同源性特点、cDNA克隆的表达以及在临床中的应用。