New species of Oukuriella (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Costa Rica

The males of three new species of Oukuriella Epler are described from Costa Rica. The genus had been previously recorded only from South America. Oukuriella annamae sp. nov. has genitalia similar to O. albistyla Epler, but differs in having transverse bands on abdominal segments In, IV, VI and VII, a lower AR, no humeral setae and fewer dorsocentral setae. Oukuriella costaricense sp. nov. differs from other described species in the genus by its brown abdomen, unnotched posterior margin of tergite IX and distinctive superior volsella, with its sharply bent, thin upper arm directed medially, and digitus small and directed caudad. Oukuriella rushi sp. nov. has apices of femora tipped with brown, a brown abdomen and distinctive superior volsella, with upper arm shorter and broader, and digitus longer then O. costaricense. The female of Oukuriella costaricense is also described. This is the first female described for the genus. Based on male and female genitalia, Oukuriella is closely related to Epedilum Townes and Zavreliella Kieffer. A key is provided to separate the males of the six described species.     

中国梳蓟马属一新种（缨翅目：蓟马科）

记述中国梳蓟马属1新种:Ctenothrips dissimilis sp.nov.。该新种触角7节、腹部网状刻纹较浅,可明显区别于本属内其它种;雄虫和C.niger很相似,但C.niger腹部III-IV节腹板腺域为短圆形,该新种腺域为长椭圆形,同时触角节数和颜色也不同。模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

A new genus and species of scorpionfly (Mecoptera) from Baltic amber,with an unusually developed postnotal organ

A new genus and species of fossil scorpionflies (Mecoptera) Baltipanorpa damzeni gen. et sp.n. is described from two well‐preserved male specimens in Baltic amber (middle Eocene: Lutetian). The most characteristic feature of the new taxon is an unusually developed postnotal organ on abdominal tergum IV. This is the most extremely developed example of this organ among Mecoptera and the only observation of notal and postnotal organs among fossil scorpionflies. The following combination of characters are provided to distinguish the new genus from other Panorpidae: Sc, short; R₁ and R₂ two‐branched; A₁ joins posterior margin of wing only at same level as fork of vein Rs; unusual shape of abdomen, abdominal segments I–IV strongly reduced, abdominal segment V elongate and widened, segments VII and VIII strongly elongate; notal and postnotal organs present, strongly developed process (postnotal organ) on tergum IV, unknown in all described extant and fossil scorpionflies. Different types of notal organs of Mecoptera are compared and their function and morphology are discussed. Morphological analysis of notal and postnotal organs in extant species permits us to conclude that B. damzeni sp.n. is characterized by the most developed and complex notal organs in all Mecoptera.     

A new species of the shore-fly genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Notiphila</Emphasis> (Diptera,Ephydridae) from Thailand

A new shore-fly species, Notiphila thaica sp. n. from Thailand, is described. The species is characterized by the following features: antennae yellow, eye-to-gena index equal to 7: 1, all tibiae and tarsi yellow, and setae on abdominal segments III and IV long and pointing posteriorly. The species is similar to Notiphila puncta de Meijere in the presence of numerous brown stripes on the thorax, but differs in the absence of velvety-black spots on the frons, the presence of two strong facial setae, and in the one-color wings. The new species is also very similar to N. phaea Hendel in the structure of the genitalia, but differs in the striped coloration, larger body, and apically widened surstyli. A key to the Oriental species of Notiphila is given.     

On the fauna of bristletails of the genera <Emphasis Type="Italic">Petrobius</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigoniophthalmus</Emphasis> (Thysanura,Machilidae) from the Caucasus

Five new species, Petrobius caucasicus sp. n., Trigoniophthalmus presimplex sp. n., T. divnogorski sp. n., T. kislovodski sp. n., and T. adigei sp. n. (Machilidae), are described from the Caucasus. A key to all the known species of the genus Trigoniophthalmus is given. Two subgenera (Trigoniophthalmus s. str., Trigoniocellus subgen. n.) in the genus Trigoniophthalmus are described. 2 + 2 retractile vesicles are present on abdominal segments II–IV in the species of Trigoniocellus subgen. n. and on II–V abdominal segments in Trigoniophthalmus s. str. Analysis of the evolution and phylogenetic relations between the species of the genus Trigoniophthalmus is performed for the first time. The formation of bristletails of the genus Trigoniophthalmus appears to occur in the Caucasian mountain province of the European area, from where they penetrated to the Central European mixed province and the Mediterranean subarea. Among the described species of the genus, T. kislovodski is distinguished by the greatest number of plesiomorphic states of morphological characters.     

Branchipus cortesi n. sp.: a new anostracan from western Spain (Crustacea,Branchiopoda)

Branchipus cortesi, n. sp. (Anostraca, Branchipodidae) is characterized by the broadly enlarged distal segments of male antenna 2, and a combination of morphological features concerning thoracic limbs, abdominal segments and egg morphology. The species occurs in temporary fresh water bodies in flatlands with temperate Mediterranean climate; it is distributed in the south-western part of Spain. Our study includes a morphological analysis using optical and scanning electronic microscopes. Questions about ecology and distribution of the new species are also discussed.     

Three new species of Tricorythopsis (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from southeastern Brazil

Three new species of Tricorythopsis Traver (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) are described and illustrated based on nymphs from southeastern Brazil. These new species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: Tricorythopsis araponga sp. n.: (1) femora with long setae; (2) abdominal segments 5–7 with dorsal tubercles; (3) tarsal claws with 4–6 marginal denticles and 7 + 4 submarginal denticles. Tricorythopsis baptistai sp. n.: (1) tarsal claws with 4–5 large marginal denticles and one submarginal denticle on each side; (2) abdominal colour pattern; (3) abdomen without tubercles; (4) coxae without projections. Tricorythopsis pseudogibbus sp. n.: (1) abdominal segments 6–8 with small dorsal tubercles; (2) tarsal claws with four large marginal denticles, and 3 + 1 or 2 submarginal denticles; (3) coxae dorsally projected; (4) femora broad and with short setae; (5) pronotum with anterolateral projection.     

The pupa of Calamoceras illiesi Malicky & Kumanski, 1974 (Trichoptera Calamoceratidae)

The previously unknown pupa of Calamoceras illiesi Malicky & Kumanski, 1974 is described and illustrated, based on material collected from northwestern Turkey. It is compared with Calamoceras marsupus Brauer, 1865, the second species of the genus Calamoceras found in western Europe. The pupa of C. illiesi is very different from that of C. marsupus, in particular in having a flattened abdomen, the arrangement of the transversal fringes of the abdominal segments, the shape of the sclerotised hook plate of abdominal segment I, and the shape of the anal processes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tubulideres seminoli</Emphasis> gen. et sp. nov. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zelinkaderes brightae</Emphasis> sp. nov. (Kinorhyncha,Cyclorhagida) from Florida

One new kinorhynch genus and species and one new species from the genus Zelinkaderes are described from sandy sediment off Fort Pierce, Florida. The new genus and species, Tubulideres seminoli gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of the first trunk segment consisting of a closed ring, the second segment of a bent tergal plate with a midventral articulation and the following nine segments consisting of a tergal and two sternal plates. Cuspidate spines are not present, but flexible tubules are located on several segments, and in particular concentrated on the ventral side of the second segment. Middorsal spines are present on all trunk segments and are alternatingly offset to a position slightly lateral to the middorsal line. Zelinkaderes brightae nov. sp. is characterized by its spine formula in having middorsal spines on trunk segments 4, 6 and 8–11, lateroventral acicular spines on segment 2, lateral accessory cuspidate spines on segments 2 and 8, ventrolateral cuspidate spines on segments 4–6 and 9, lateroventral acicular spines present on segments 8 and 9, and midterminal, lateral terminal and lateral terminal accessory spines on segment 11. The spine formula of Z. brightae nov. sp. places it in a position in between Z. submersus and a clade consisting of Z. klepali and Z. floridensis. The new findings on Z. brightae nov. sp. have led us to propose an emended diagnosis for the genus.     

THE INFLUENCE OF ABDOMINAL PIGMENTATION ON DESICCATION AND ULTRAVIOLET RESISTANCE IN TWO SPECIES OF DROSOPHILA

Drosophila yakuba and D. santomea are sister species that differ in their levels of abdominal pigmentation; D. yakuba shows heavily pigmented posterior abdominal segments in both sexes, whereas D. santomea lacks dark pigment anywhere on its body. Using naturally collected lines, we demonstrate the existence of altitudinal variation in abdominal pigmentation in D. yakuba but not in D. santomea. We use the variation in pigmentation within D. yakuba and two body‐color mutants in D. yakuba to elucidate selective advantage of differences in pigmentation. Our results indicate that although differences in abdominal pigmentation have no effect on desiccation resistance, lighter pigmentation confers ultraviolet radiation resistance in this pair of species.     

Kinorhyncha from the stomach of the shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) from Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina

Six kinorhynchs were found in the stomachs of the Argentine red shrimp, Pleoticus mulleri (Bate, 1888) from the Argentine coast of Patagonia. Three new species are described: Condyloderes storchi n. sp., Pycnophyes argentinensis n. sp. and P. neuhausi n. sp. A fourth species, Kinorhynchus anomalus Lang, 1953 was previously known only from the coast of Chile. This is the third known record of kinorhynchs documented as a food source. Condyloderes storchi, n. sp. is the fourth new species in this genus. It is distinguished by its paradorsal cuspidate spines on segments 7 and 9, lateral accessory and ventrolateral spines on segments 3, 6, 7, 10 and 11. P. argentinensis, n. sp. has nearly equal sternal width for segments 3–11 (about 7% of the trunk length), episternal plates with three distinct areas along the anterior margin, mid-sternal plate with even margin, mid-dorsal spinose protrusions along the terminal borders of segments 11 and 12, and lateral terminal spines 176 μm long, about 21% of trunk length. P. neuhausi, n. sp.has a prominent posterior elongation of the tergal plate of segment 3, uneven lateral margins of the mid-sternal plate, a maximum sternal width at segment 3, no mid-dorsal spinose processes and mid-ventral thickenings on segments 10–12.     

Distinguishing features of immature stages of Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) known in New Zealand

Diagnostic morphological characters of the juvenile Panchaetothripinae in New Zealand are illustrated. Keys developed enable colonies with only immature stages to be identified without needing to rear adults. Live larvae or larvae in ethanol are distinguished by the presence of expanded tips of body setae (Parthenothrips dracaenae), the absence of setae at the abdomen tip (Hercinothrips bicinctus), setae at abdomen tip not longer than abdominal tip width (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) and abdominal tip setae longer than abdominal tip width (Sigmothrips aotearoana, endemic species). The presence or absence of spine-like setae on abdominal segments 9 and 10, and the number and length of setae on the wing buds, enable identification of pupae. Abdominal spine-like setae were on the prepupa and pupa of H. bicinctus and S. aotearoana, species that pupate off the plant, and are probably defensive structures. This is the first record of spine-like setae on segment 10 of terebrantian pupae.     

Larval morphology of Agabus clypealis (Thomson, 1867) and A. pseudoclypealis Scholz, 1933 and notes on their distribution (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

The third instar larvae of Agabus clypealis (Thomson, 1867) and A. pseudoclypealis Scholz, 1933 are described. Important morphological structures (head, legs, and abdominal segment 8 with urogomphi) are illustrated. Both species share a completely sclerotized abdominal segment 6 with A. setulosus (J. Sahlberg, 1895). Morphological characters and species phenology are discussed in relation to the A. confinis-species group. All available literature records and some new and additional data on distribution of the two species are provided. Agabus clypealis is recorded for the first time from Estonia, and there is no reason to doubt the records of A. pseudoclypealis from Kazakhstan.     

Description of a new Homidia species (Collembola,Entomobryidae) from Korea

A new species, Homidia pseudoformosana from Korea is described in the present paper. The new species is characterized by labral papillae, ciliated labial seta L₁ and dorsal chaetotaxy of abdominal segment IV. The detailed differences between similar Homidia species are provided.     

Morariopsis dumonti n.sp. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) – a new species from an unsaturated karstic zone in Slovenia

The genus Morariopsishas a disjunct distribution. It has been found in south-eastern Europe and in the Baikal region in Russia. In Europe two species are known, both from the Dinaric region. They have been found in three caves only, but always in puddles filled with percolating water. This indicates that they inhabit an unsaturated karstic environment. A third species, Morariopsis dumontin.sp has now been found, in the same type of habitat, on several dates, in a small cave in central Slovenia. Males were recorded for the first time in this genus.The new species is related to Morariospsis kieferiPetkovski, 1959 from Dalmatia. The main differences are in the ornamentation of the furca and of the abdominal segments. P5 and particularly endopodite of P4 in males suggest a close relation between Morariaand Morariopsis.     

Comparative morphology of the first instar of three species of Metopia Meigen (Diptera: Sarcophagidae, Miltogramminae)

The first instar larva is described for three species of the kleptoparasitic miltogrammine genus Metopia Meigen: M. campestris (Fallén), M. argentata Macquart and M. argyrocephala (Meigen). Using a combination of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the morphology of the cephaloskeleton as well as the general external morphology are extensively documented, and the phylogenetic implications are discussed. Like other species of Miltogramminae, the first instar of species of Metopia possesses a strong labrum and well‐developed mouth‐hooks. Some other features found in Metopia spp. are rare in the Miltogramminae, such as a serrated ventral surface of the tip of the mouth‐hook and the lack of a posterior spiracular cavity. A few larval features apparently unique for species of Metopia have so far been documented: base of mouth‐hook with a lateral arm‐like extension and abdominal segments with transverse furrow ventrally. The body is equipped with longitudinal cuticular ridges on all segments, which may be a subfamily ground‐plan autapomorphy. Marked morphological and behavioural differences are documented between the first instar of M. argentata and that of M. argyrocephala, the adult females of which are otherwise difficult to separate.     

Musculature, nervous system and glands of pregenital abdominal segments of the female of Nomia melanderi Ckll. (Hymenopters, Apoidea)

The gross anatomy of muscles, the topography of nerve tissues, and the histology of the pregenital abdominal glands of Nomia melanderi Ckll. are reported in detail. The movable and fixed points of muscle attachment were utilized in establishing a system of nomenclature for a typical abdominal segment. Names of nervules correspond to those of the tissues they innervate. The points of attachment of muscles of the fifth abdominal segment are essentially the same in both Nomia and Apis, except for the second tergo-sternal muscle which, in Nomia, has shifted its point of movable attachment to the membranous integument in front of the intersegmental membrane gland where it helps in relasing glandular secretion. The general plan of the nerves in the fifth abdominal segment in Nomia is more diffuse than in Apis, but there is no difficulty in establishing homology between the nervules of the two species. A pair of intersegmental stretch organs was found in abdominal segments 3–6. Glands of the sixth intersegmental membrane possess a reservoir with peripheral pouches both of which are absent in those of the fifth. Both types of glands have neither closing nor opening mechanisms, and neither is innervated. Release of glandular secretion is accomplished by the action of the tergo-sternal muscles.     

A new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triodontus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Orphninae) from Southern Madagascar

A new scarab beetle species of the endemic Madagascan genus Triodontus Westwood, T. hanskii sp. n., is described from a specimen collected in Southern Madagascar. The new species differs from similar Triodontus species with two medial pronotal tubercles and simple last abdominal sternite in a distinctive shape of the parameres. The type specimen of the new species originates from the southernmost remnant of indigenous rain forest of the island.