Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s.str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised

Abstract. Orthocladius (Orthocladius) is a subgenus of one of the more speciose genera amongst the Holarctic chironomids of the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Although many names have been applied, adult males are difficult to distinguish. However, the immature stages often are known, and pupae discriminate taxa reliably. Based predominantly upon examination of exuviae, Orthocladius atripluma Kieffer and Orthocladius mitisi Goetghebuer are syn.n . of Orthocladius glabripennis (Goetghebuer); Orthocladius smolandicus Brundin a syn.n . of Orthocladius holsatus Goetghebuer; Orthocladius lenzi Kieffer a syn.n . of Orthocladius oblidens (Walker); Orthocladius rhyacobius Kieffer, Orthocladius rhyacophilus Kieffer and Orthocladius excavatus Brundin are syn.n . of Orthocladius obumbratus Johannsen; Orthocladius saxicola Kieffer and Orthocladius curtiseta Sæther are syn.n . of Orthocladius rubicundus (Meigen). Orthocladius (Orthocladius) vaillanti is described as sp.n ., based upon distinctive pupal exuviae. Lectotypes are designated for Orthocladius rhyacobius Kieffer, Orthocladius rhyacophilus Kieffer, Orthocladius rivinus Kieffer, Chironomus rubicundus Meigen and Orthocladius saxicola Kieffer. A key to the thirteen western palaearctic species is given.     

Review of the Western Palaearctic ichneumon-flies of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhorus</Emphasis> Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae). Part IV. The species with the reddish metasoma and black face (Addendum)

Seven new species of the ichneumon-fly genus Rhorus Förster, 1869 are described for the Western Palaearctic Region based on the material from Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, München (Germany): Rhorus amauronemati sp. n., Rh. auberti sp. n., Rh. blennocampae sp. n., Rh. dineurae sp. n., Rh. hinzi sp. n., Rh. idari sp. n., and Rh. montanus sp. n. A key to the new and closely related species is given to supplement that published in the third part of the revision (Kasparyan, 2015). The other 25 species of the genus Rhorus from the collection of the München Museum is given; some of the species are recorded for the first time for France, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Moldova, and Armenia.     

49. Gerhard Wagenitz: Die Sektion Evacopsis der Gattung Filago (Compositae-Inuleae) im westlichen Mittelmeergebiet;

Eine Revision der westmediterranen Arten von Filago sect. Evacopsis ergab, daß von den elf aufgestellten Arten nur drei aufrechtzuerhalten sind. Diese sind — wie andere Filago-Anen auch — durch verhältnismäßig geringfügige, aber sehr konstante Merkmale voneinander geschieden. Sie kommen sämtlich sowohl in Spanien als auch in Nordafrika vor, ihre bisher bekannte Verbreitung wurde in einer Punktkarte dargestellt. Auf Schwierigkeiten der Abgrenzung gegenüber der Gattung Evax wird hingewiesen. Für die Revision wurde Material aus folgenden Institutsherbarien verwendet: B Berlin-Dahlem, Botanisches Museum BREM Bremen, Übersee-Museum C Kopenhagen, Universitets Botaniske Museum COI Coimbra, Instituto Botanico ?Dr. Julio Henriques” G Genf, Conservatoire botanique GOET Göttingen, Systematisch-Geobotanisches Institut der Universität LD Lund, Universitetets Botaniska Museum M München, Botanische Staatssammlung MPU Montpellier, Institut de Botanique de l'Université STU Ludwigsburg, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart Z Zürich, Botanisches Museum der Universität Den Direktoren der Sammlungen gilt mein bester Dank für die Ausleihe des Materials. Herr Dr. H. Freitag , Stuttgart-Hohenheim, und Herr W. Greuter , Genf, übersandten mir ihre eigenen Aufsammlungen zur Bearbeitung, auch Ihnen sei vielmals gedankt.     

Studies on Chironomidae in experimental recirculating stream systems. I. Orthocladius (Euorthodadius) calvus sp.nov.

SUMMARY.

• 1 Large nutnbers of a previously undescribed species of Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) were amongst the first animals to colonize a pair of artificial recirculating streams.
• 2 The larva, pupa and adults are described and compared with O. (E.) thienemanni which occurs abundantly in adjacent streams.

     

Typification,taxonomy, and worldwide distribution of Braunia secunda (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp. (Hedwigiaceae)

Diagnosis and illustrations are given for Braunia secunda (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp., and a Humboldt and Bonpland specimen (BM) is selected as the lectotype. Also a collection by Arséne (BM) is designated as the lectotype for B. secunda var. crassiretis Thér. This variety is retained as synonym of B. secunda. The species concept of B. secunda is revised and a provisional key is provided to help in the identification of 23 species of Braunia, based on examination of herbarium specimens worldwide. About half of specimens from Mexico actually represent another species, B. andrieuxii Lorentz. All material examined from India, previously identified as B. secunda belongs to B. macropelma (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger, whereas collections from Africa are actually B. rupestris (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, B. entodonticarpa Müll.Hal., or B. diaphana (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger. These and other species should no longer be considered synonyms of B. secunda. The worldwide distribution of the species is documented for the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Venezuela, and Bolivia.     

The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo‐ecological interpretation

The rediscovered holotype skulls of Late Pleistocene Panthera leo spelaea ( Goldfuss, 1810 ) (Felidae) and Crocuta crocuta spelaea ( Goldfuss, 1823 ) (Hyaenidae) from the Zoolithen Cave at Burggeilenreuth, southern Germany, are discussed. The cave became famous mainly due to its rich cave bear bone remains from the late Saalian (OIS 6–8) to Eemian/Weichselian (OIS 3–6) including additionally a third holotype of Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794 (Ursidae). The ‘Felis spelaea’ holotype represents an adult male with a strong bite mark on the saggital crest, which was in an early stage of healing. Compared with other European Late Pleistocene lion skulls and skeletons, and with modern African lions, it provides evidence of intraspecific conflict between male Ice Age lions. The holotype of ‘Hyaena spelaea’ is one of several hundred hyena remains from a well‐frequented hyena den cave. The cave was used intensively by Late Pleistocene hyena clans, for collecting lion carcasses in addition to their accustomed prey, as happened in many caves throughout Europe. Ice Age spotted hyena clans might have killed Ice Age steppe lions for many reasons, such as fights over prey and territory, and the protection of cubs, but they did not always scavenge on their carcasses. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 154 , 822–831.     

Distribution Patterns and Habitat Characterization of Elmidae and Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Weidlingbach Near Vienna,Austria

A total of 870 adult and 831 larval Elmidae and Hydraenidae were caught from September 1995 to September 1996 at the Weidlingbach, a fourth order tributary of the Danube near Vienna, Austria, using a Heß sampler at 14 sampling stations from source to mouth. Elmis maugetii (Latreille ) and Riolus subviolaceus (Müller ) accounted for 66.3% of the total, whereas Hydraena gracilis (Germar ) was the most abundant Hydraenidae species. Based on head width, instars 1–6 were collected in E. maugetii, instars 2–6 in R. subviolaceus and instars 3–6 in Limnius volckmari (Panzer ) and Riolus cupreus (Müller ); from the remaining species, only instars 4–6 were sampled. E. maugetii was most abundant on coarse, moss-covered substrates (median = 22.2 mm) exposed to high water velocity (median = 69.4 cm/s; range = 6.0–117.6 cm/s); the latter was also true for R. subviolaceus although it favoured smaller sediment grain sizes (median = 10.7 mm). Sites exposed to only moderate flow and with abundant filiform algae were preferred by Esolus parallelepipedus (Müller ) and L. volckmari, whereas the Hydraenidae species, Esolus angustatus (Müller ), R. cupreus and Oulimnius tuberculatus (Müller ) were collected mostly at sites with moderate current speed and abundant moss-covered pebbles of various size. Species richness and population density increased from source to mouth. At the spring sampling site Elmidae and Hydraenidae were completely lacking.     

Eudiaptomus anatolicus n.sp. (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Turkey

Eudiaptomus anatolicus n.sp. displays similarity to E. transylvanicus (Daday, 1890) by possessing an outer marginal spine located proximally on the second exopodite segment of the male right P₅, but it differs from this closest species in the presence of a chitinous projection on the second exopodite segment of the male right P₅, and in the typical shape of the female's thoracic wings. E. transylvanicus (Daday, 1890) has three chitinous processes located on the basipodite segment of the male right P₅, whereas Eudiaptomus anatolicus n.sp. has only one small process on this part. This new species is living in lake Poyraz, which is small and shallow. Some cladoceran species, namely, Pleuroxus truncatus (O.F. Müller, 1785), Pleuroxus laevis (Sars, 1862), Pleuroxus trigonellus (O.F. Müller, 1785), Simocephalus exspinosus (Koch, 1841), Eurycercus lamellatus (O.F. Müller, 1785), Alonella excisa (Fischer, 1854), Lathonura rectirostris (O.F. Müller, 1785), Pseudochydorus globosus (Baird, 1843) and two cyclopoid copepods, Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) and Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) share the same habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Distribution maps of Bryophytes in Britain and Ireland

Abstract

Eight epithets of Rigodium (R. araucarieti C. Müll., R. argentinicum C. Müll., R. brachypodium (C. Müll.) Par., R. nano-fasciculatum C. Müll. ex Thér., R. pendulum Herz. &; Thér., R. pseudo-thuidium Dus., R. solutum (Tayl.) Par., and R. tamarix C. Müll), lectotypified here, are listed with their nomenclature and pertinent details involving the careful identification of type specimens and original material. For Rigodium solutum (Tayl.) Par., a specimen from Taylor's original herbarium may likely be the holotype but had not been indicated as such by Taylor, the original author. A conservative approach for this situation is taken here by designating this specimen as a lectotype.     

Reinstatement of Dermacentor tricuspis (Schulze, 1933) n. comb., n. stat. (Acari: Ixodidae) as a valid species,synonymization of D. atrosignatus Neumann, 1906 and description of a new species from Indonesia,Malaysia and Thailand

Re-examination of the holotype of Dermacentor atrosignatus Neumann, 1906 (Acari: Ixodidae) stored in the Natural History Museum (London, UK) revealed that this taxon is identical with D. auratus Supino, 1897 and should be treated as a junior synonym of the latter species. A correct name for the distinct species previously identified as D. atrosignatus Neumann, 1906 sensu Wassef & Hoogstraal, 1984 should be D. tricuspis (Schulze, 1933) n. comb., n. stat. Adults of D. tricuspis are redescribed here. Re-examination of extensive holdings of Oriental Dermacentor Koch, 1844 ticks stored in the United States National Tick Collection revealed that a morphologically distinct new species of this genus, namely D. falsosteini D. Apanaskevich, M. Apanaskevich & Nooma n. sp. should be recognized. Adults of D. tricuspis and D. falsosteini n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of Oriental Dermacentor and each other by the colour pattern of the conscutum and scutum, the pattern of punctations on the pseudoscutum and scutum, the shape of female genital structures and spurs on coxa I. Dermacentor tricuspis is recorded from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand where the adults were mostly collected from various species of wild pigs (Artiodactyla: Suidae) and vegetation; few adults were available from other mammals (Artiodactyla: Bovidae; Carnivora: Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae; Pholidota: Manidae), as well as humans and reptiles (Squamata: Elapidae, Varanidae). One male was reared from a nymph collected on a rodent (Rodentia: Muridae). Dermacentor falsosteini n. sp. is found in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand where the adults were collected from bearded pig, Sus barbatus Müller, wild boar, S. scrofa Linnaeus, unidentified wild pig, Sus sp. (Artiodactyla: Suidae), Malayan tapir, Tapirus indicus Desmarest (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae), human and vegetation.

     

Comparative leaf anatomy of wild Manihot Mill. species (Euphorbiaceae) from Chapada Diamantina,Bahia, Brazil

The leaf anatomy of nine species of Manihot Mill. has been studied with the objective of finding anatomical features that contribute to our understanding of the taxonomy of the genus. Leaf samples were collected in the field and from herbarium specimens, and standardized methods were used for both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The following species were studied: M. bellidifolia P. Carvalho & M. Martins, M. brachyandra Pax & K. Hoffm., M. caerulescens Pohl, M. diamantinensis Allem, M. elongata sp. nov. ined., M. jacobinensis Müll. Arg. (I), M. jacobinensis Müll. Arg. (II), M. longiracemosa P. Carvalho & M. Martins, M. maracasensis Ule, M. reniformis Pohl, M. tripartita (Spreng) Müll. Arg. and Manihot sp. Anatomically, the analysis revealed differences that indicate the importance of leaf anatomy in the species‐level taxonomy. Presence of fibers in the bundle sheath, and presence or absence of papillae and fibers in the midrib are diagnostic characters. Although these characteristics were not enough to separate all of the species, or to group them into a section, they did show taxonomic importance at the species level. In addition, morphoanatomical differences and geographical distribution support Manihot sp. as a distinct species.     

A new species of Schoutedenichia Jadin & Vercammen-Grandjean, 1954 from Madagascar and a re-description of S. dutoiti (Radford, 1948) from South Africa (Acariformes: Trombiculidae)

A new chigger mite species, Schoutedenichia microcebi n. sp. is described from the grey mouse lemur Microcebus murinus (J.F. Miller) from Madagascar. The new species is closely related to S. dutoiti (Radford, 1948), a species described from a single specimen collected on a rodent in South Africa. Examination of the holotype and new material on S. dutoiti from South Africa enabled us to re-describe this species and provide new data on its hosts and geographical distribution.

     

Length–weight relationship of Rhinobatos horkelii Müller & Henle, 1841 and Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841) off Brazil,southwestern Atlantic Ocean

This study reports the length–weight relationships (LWRs) for two elasmobranch species, Rhinobatos horkelii Müller & Henle, 1841 and Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841) collected from the southwestern Atlantic, off Brazil. Both are considered endangered species. The LWR data can be taken into consideration for further management and conservation plans.     

Buchbesprechung

Abstract

Metabolic Disorders in Farm Animals. Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Production Disease in Farm Animals, München, October 1980

Herausgegeben von D. Giesecke, G. Dirksen und M. Stangassinger. Veröffentlicht vom Institut für Physiologie, Phyiologische Chemie und Ernährungsphysiologie, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Universität München. 1981, 291 S., 58 Abb., 55 Tab., Format 14,8 × 21,0 cm. Reviewed By A. Hennig.     

ZurArchaeopteryx-Nomenklatur: Missverst?ndnisse und L?sung

Zusammenfassung Der allgemein übernommene NameArchaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861, für die alten gefiederten V?gel aus dem Solnhofener Kalkstein sind Gegenstand mehrerer nomenklatorischer Untersuchungen gewesen und haben zu zwei Entscheidungen der Internationalen Kommission für Zoologische Nomenklatur geführt, den Namen zu kon-servieren. Vers?umt wurde bei diesen Entscheidungen, das Typusexemplar für diesen zweiteiligen Namen (Binomen) festzulegen. Es gibt erhebliche Meinungsverschiedenheiten darüber, ob der isolierte Federabdruck oder das Londoner Stück, ein Skelett mit Federn, der Holotypus ist. Aus unserer überprüfung der Frage schlie?en wir, dass von Meyer (1861b) klar beabsichtigt hat, seinen neuen Namen nur für den Federabdruck zu verwenden, den er untersucht und beschrieben hat (von Meyer 1861a, 1862). Wenn er auch das gerade entdeckte Skelett mit Federn (das Exemplar in London) erw?hnt und eine gewisse Beschreibung des Stückes in seiner Arbeit von 1862 gegeben hat, so hat von Meyer dieses Fundstück vor der Publikation seiner Arbeiten nicht gesehen und nie vorgeschlagen, dass sein neuer Name auch für dieses Fossil gelten sollte. Er hat nie ge?u?ert, dass der isolierte Federabdruck und das (ungesehene) Skelett mit Federn von der gleichen Art stammten. Und schlie?lich: als von Meyer (1861b) den NamenArchaeopteryx lithographica vorschlug, bezog er sich auf seine erste Beschreibung des Federabdrucks, die erschienen war, ehe er von dem Skelett mit Federn geh?rt hatte. Wir schlie?en daraus: Holotypus vonArchaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861, ist der isolierte Federabdruck (Hauptplatte in Berlin, Gegenplatte in München). Nach den Regeln für die zoologische Nomenklatur w?re der gültige Name für die Solnhofener Skelette mit Federn Archaeornis crassipes (von Meyer), 1857, der ursprünglich in der Kombination Pterodactylus crassipes ver?ffentlicht worden ist. Der Gebrauch dieses Namens würde aber zu Verwirrung und Unsicherheit führen und verstie?e damit gegen eines der Ziele der Nomenklaturregeln, n?mlich Eindeutigkeit und Stabilit?t der Namen zu gew?hrleisten. Eine L?sung für dieses nomenklatorische Durcheinander kann durch den Antrag an die ICZN erreicht werden, den isolierten Federabdruck als Holotypus zu unterdrücken und das Londoner Stück zum Neotypus zu erkl?ren. Das haben wir in einem eigenen Antrag an die ICNZ getan. Dieses Vorgehen wird das BinomenArchaeopteryx lithographica an ein Typusexemplar binden, das unzweideutig einem wohl definierten Gattungs- und Art-Taxon angeh?rt, und würde den Gebrauch des gut eingeführten Namens für den wichtigsten fossilen Vogel sichern.

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Nomenclature of Archaeopteryx: Misunderstandings and solution

Summary The generally accepted nameArchaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861, for the ancient feathered birds from the Solnhofen limestones has been the subject of a number of nomenclatural analyses, terminating in two decisions by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve this name. Overlooked in these decisions was the determination of the type specimen for this binomen. A strong difference of opinion exists on whether the first found isolated feather impression or the London specimen of a feathered skeleton is the holotype. We conclude that the isolated feather impression (main slab in Berlin and counterslab in Munich) is the holotype ofArchaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861. This isolated feather cannot be identified with certainty to any generic taxa and/or any specific taxa containing any of the Solnhofen feathered skeletons; hence the nameArchaeopteryx lithographica would be a nomen dubium and cannot serve as the valid name for any generic or specific taxa containing the feathered skeletons. Resolution of this nomenclatural problem can be achieved by requesting the ICZN to set aside the isolated feather impression as the holotype and to declare the London specimen as the neotype, which we have done in a separate application to the ICZN.

     

The freshwater fauna of Macquarie Island, including a redescription of the endemic water-flea Daphnia gelida (Brady) (Anomopoda: Crustacea)

The freshwater invertebrate fauna (excluding the Protozoa) of Macquarie Island is collated. This includes two Platyhelminthes, two Gastrotricha, three Tardigrada, 41 rotifera, at least eight Nematoda, nine Annelida, and 21 Arthropoda. The latter comprises six species of Anomopoda, two Copepoda, two Ostracoda, an Isopoda, five Acarina, and at least five species of Insecta with aquatic or semi-aquatic larvae. The freshwater Anomopoda (Cladocera) of Macquarie Island are re-evaluated, six species are now recognized and the largest, identified as Daphnia gelida (Brady), is redescribed. The records of both Alona weinecki Studer and Pleuroxus macquariensis Frey are confirmed, while that of Macrothrix hirsuticornis Norman and Brady is accepted with some reservations. Alona quadrangularis (O.F. Müller) is re-instated and records of Chydorus sphaericus O.F. Müller ascribed to C. patagonicus Ekman.     

Clarification and review of Lepidopilum affine and L. grevilleanum (Callicostaceae)

Lepidopilum grevilleanum Mitt., long considered a synonym ofL. affine C. Müll., is a distinct and rare species of western Ecuador.Lepidopilum affine is widespread, presently known from the western and northern Amazon basin, Atlantic region of northern South America, and the Pacific coastal region of Central America. Several new synonyms are proposed forLepidopilum affine: L. allionii Broth.,L. ambiguum Broth.,L. antisanense Bartr.,L. mittenii C. Müll.,L. obtusulum C. Müll., andL. subobtusulum Broth.Lepidopilum pulcherrimum Steere is a synonym ofL. grevilleanum.     

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) bodiani n. sp. and Cucullanus hansoni Olsen, 1952 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) from fishes off New Caledonia

Two species of cucullanid nematodes collected from the intestine of marine fishes off New Caledonia were studied with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM): Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) bodiani n. sp. from Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard) (Perciformes: Labridae), characterised mainly by the small size of the body (males and gravid females 2.26–3.13 mm and 2.46–3.32 mm long, respectively), the presence of very long spicules (1.53–1.66 mm in length), the remarkably large seminal vesicle and the arrangement of caudal papillae, is the second known species of Dichelyne Jägerskiöld, 1902 parasitising fishes of the Labridae and the second nominal species of this genus recorded from fishes in New Caledonian waters. Cucullanus hansoni Olsen, 1952, originally described from Hawaii, is now, after 67 years, again reported from its type-host, Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille) (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae), from off New Caledonia. The SEM examination of C. hansoni, used in this species for the first time, revealed some new morphological details, such as the presence of a median precloacal cuticular elevation or the shape of deirids and distal tips of spicules, as well as the exact location of caudal papillae and phasmids in the male. This is the seventh species of Cucullanus Müller, 1777 recorded from fishes off New Caledonia.