Myrtlemiris,a new genus and new species of Australian plant bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae): systematics,phylogeny and host associations

A new Australian genus of Orthotylinae, Myrtlemiris Cheng, Mututantri & Cassis gen.n. , is described, with nine included species described as new to science (M. agnew sp.n. , M. astartephila sp.n. , M. meanarra sp.n. , M. newmanensis sp.n. , M. rubrocuneatus sp.n. , M. russulatus sp.n. , M. silveirae sp.n. , M. tesselatus sp.n. , M. yalgoo sp.n. ). A phylogenetic analysis based on 39 morphological characters is presented for all Myrtlemiris species and 6 outgroup taxa. This analysis establishes Myrtlemiris as monophyletic, defined by a broad apophysis on the left paramere. A key to species is provided and diagnostic characters are illustrated. Myrtlemiris is endemic to southwest Western Australia. Host plants for Myrtlemiris species are near restricted to the myrtaceous tribe Chamelaucieae.     

Petraliellidae Harmer, 1957 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Queensland,Australia

Several species of the family Petraliellidae were first described from the coast of Queensland, including the type species of Sinupetraliella, S. litoralis. These species are redescribed from type, or topotype specimens, and include Petraliella concinna, which has not been certainly found since its introduction in 1891; lectotype material is designated for P. buski and P. magna. Six other species are described from Queensland, P. crassocirca, P. dentilabris, P. dorsiporosa, Mucropetraliella bennetti, M. serrata and M. tuberosa. The species Mucropetraliella tuberosa is a new addition to the Queensland fauna and is described and illustrated here for the first time since its introduction in 1884. The characters of the family Petraliellidae are briefly discussed and the genera to which the Queensland species are assigned is reviewed. A taxonomic key to the ten Queensland petraliellid species described is also provided.     

Five Recent Mya species, including three new species and their fossil connections

Three new species of Mya Linné are described from Greenland. Mya eideri sp. nov. is figured and compared with boreal and fossil species with which it has been confused, and the known distribution of the species is indicated. The validity in Recent faunas of the fossil species M. pseudoarenaria and M. uddevallensis is discussed; two new Recent species, M. neoovata sp. nov. and M. neouddevallensis sp. nov., from Ikka Fjord, southwest Greenland, and Scoresbysund, East Greenland, respectively, are described for Recent material of the comparable two fossil taxa. Accepted: 2 May 1999     

Munnogonium affinissp. n.: A New Species of Isopod (Asellota: Paramunnidae) from the Coast of Korea,Sea of Japan

The new species Munnogonium affinisfrom the coast of Korea (the Sea of Japan) is described. This is the first record of the genus Munnogoniumfrom the western Pacific. The new species differs considerably from the four eastern Pacific American species of this genus and is most similar to M. maltiniifrom the Mediterranean Sea.     

Mussaenda yunnanensis sp. nov. (Rubiaceae), a new functionally dioecious species from Yunnan,China

Mussaenda yunnanensis, a new dioecious species of Rubiaceae from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species can be recognized by its slender stem, congested‐cymose inflorescences and long corolla tubes. Differences between M. yunnanensis and two morphologically similar species (M. pubescens and M. antiloga) are presented. We also provide a key to all dioecious species of Mussaenda in China. The delimitation of the new species is further supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on eight plastid loci.     

A new species of freshwater turbellarian from Africa,predatory on mosquitoes: Mesostoma zariae n. sp. (Typhloplanoida)

A new species of the genus Mesostoma Ehrenberg 1935, M. zariae n.sp. is described and its relationship discussed. The new species belongs to the M. lingua species-group and is characterised by the presence of two kinds of prostate secretions and a pear-shaped penis papilla. It occurs in small standing or slowly running waters at Zaria, Nigeria. It has previously been proven (Mead 1978) that this species is predatory on the aquatic stages of mosquitoes.     

Microlicia crassa and M. maculata spp. nov. (Melastomataceae) from Minas Gerais,Brazil: morphology and leaf anatomy

Two new species of Microlicia from campos rupestres of Minas Gerais are described, illustrated and compared with their relatives. Microlicia crassa sp. nov. is similar to M. formosa, and M. maculata sp. nov. is similar to M. isophylla and M. tetrasticha. The trichomes covering both surfaces of the leaves of the two new species and their relative, M. isophylla may be characterized as sessile glands under a stereomicroscope, but anatomical studies revealed the presence of a short stalk. Microlicia crassa and M. maculata are assessed as “Endangered”, according to the IUCN categories and criteria.     

A new Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) from Brazil

A new species ofMonstera (Araceae),M. praetermissa, is described, illustrated, and compared to its most similar relatives,M. xanthospatha andM. obliqua. The new species is so far only known from Brazil, but has a broad distribution there, ranging from the south to the northeast of the country.     

Musa chunii Häkkinen,a new species (Musaceae) from Yunnan,China and taxonomic identity of Musa rubra

The center of diversity of the genus Musa (Musaceae) is in Southeast Asia, a region not studied in detail and where new species and varieties continue to be reported. A new wild banana species, M. chunii Häkkinen from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated based on observed morphological characteristics in the field. This extremely rare new species was only found in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Dehong District, West Yunnan. A key to M. chunii and related taxa is provided. In addition, critical notes regarding M. rubra Kurz identity are given.     

Revision of genus Melamphaes (Melamphaidae). II. Multi-Raker species: M. polylepis, M. falsidicus sp. nova, M. pachystomus sp. nova, M. macrocephalus, M. leprus

The second part of the publication is devoted to the Melamphaes species (family Melamphaidae), which are characterized by 20 and more rakers on the first gill arch, by seven soft rays in the ventral fin, by absence of a temporal spine, by 14–15 rays in the pectoral fin, and by 11 abdominal vertebrae. M. polylepis is characterized by circumtropical range (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific Ocean). Newly described species M. falsidicus is described from the northern Atlantic Ocean, where it was sampled between 34°N and 58°N. Before, this species was defined as M. microps. Another newly described species, M. pachystomus, is described along the Peruvian Coast. M. macrocephalus is redescribed. This species inhabits the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (approximately between 30°N and 23°S). One of the studied specimens of M. macrocephalus was characterized by larger body size (SL = 128 mm) than was described before for this species. M. leprus is known currently by single findings from the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean (between 11°N and 4°S). This species was also found in the samples obtain in the Gulf of Guinea.     

A striking new unifoliolate and polycarpellate species of Senna (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) from Andhra Pradesh,India

Senna andhrica P.V. Ramana, J. Swamy and M. Ahmedullah, a new species from Andhra Pradesh, India, is described. The species is remarkable in having unifoliolate, oblong or ovate leaves, 2–3 carpellate gynoecium and reniform seeds. It is the second described species with unifoliolate leaves in the Cassiinae. In most other morphological characters, it is closely allied to Senna occidentalis (L.) Link.     

New Species of Macrogynoplax Enderlein 1909 from North Brazil (Plecoptera,Perlidae, Acroneuriinae)

Three new species of Macrogynoplax Enderlein 1909, M. delicata, M. pulchra and M. poranga are described. They were collected in Manaus, Amazon State.     

Mating studies, new species, and new reports of Marasmius from northern Thailand

The mating systems operating in seven species of Marasmius collected recently in northern Thailand were determined. Marasmius cremeus belonging to sect. Sicci subsect. Siccini ser. Leonini, and Marasmius straminiceps belonging to sect. Marasmius subsect. Sicciformes are described as new species. Five members of sect. Marasmius were tetrapolar (bifactorial), viz. M. apatelius, M. guyanensis, M. nigrobrunneus, M. ruforotula, and M. straminiceps. Two members of sect. Sicci were bipolar (unifactorial), viz., M. corneri (syn. M. incarnatus) and M. cremeus. Our data support the hypothesis that the mating system is consistent within infrageneric taxa. The seven species that are herein described, illustrated, and compared with phenetically similar species represent the first reports for this genus in Thailand.     

A new species of Mysella Angas, 1877 (Bivalvia: Galeommatoidea) from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica, with data on its biology and functional anatomy

Mysella narchii sp. nov. is described from the material collected in shallow-waters of Admiralty Bay at King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica. The species is characterized by shell features, biology and functional anatomy. The main shell features distinguishing M. narchii sp. nov. from all other Antarctic, Subantarctic and Magellanic Mysella spp. are provided, as are anatomical characteristics that separate this new species from M. charcoti (Lamy, 1906), its most similar congener and the first Antarctic species studied in its morpho-functional aspects. M. narchii sp. nov. is an infaunal, free-living, predominantly deposit-feeding bivalve; its creeping sole and the secretion of byssal threads allow it to crawl vertically and live sporadically on firm substrata.     

Monostephanostomum georgianum n. sp. (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes) (Perciformes: Arripidae) off Kangaroo Island,South Australia,with comments on Monostephanostomum Kruse, 1979 and Stephanostomum Looss, 1899

Monostephanostomum georgianum n. sp. is described from Arripis georgianus off Kangaroo Island, South Australia. It differs from its congeners by the presence of a short second row of oral spines. M. manteri Kruse, 1979 is reported from A. georgianus off southern Western Australia and Kangaroo Island, South Australia and A. trutta off northern Tasmania. It is considered that the other two species, M. yamagutii Ramadan, 1984 and M. krusei Reimer, 1983, should probably be removed from this genus. Two new combinations are formed, M. gazzae (Shen, 1990) n. comb. (from Stephanostomum) and M. mesospinosum (Madhavi, 1976) n. comb. (from Stephanostomum). A key to the four recognised species of Monostephanostomum is given.     

Lagerstroemia menglaensis sp. nov. (Lythraceae) from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China

Lagerstroemia menglaensis C. H. Gu, M. C. Ji & D. D. Ma, a new species of Lythraceae from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China is described and illustrated. The morphological characteristics of the new species and two morphologically similar species (L. guilinensis and L. venusta) are compared, and a key to distinguish between them is provided.     

The genus Mixodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 (Copepoda,Diaptomidae) in Spain

The distribution of the Calanoid genus Mixodiaptomus was studied in a large number of pools and small lakes scattered over Spain. Four species occur: M. incrassatus, M. kupelwieseri, M. ortizi and M. laciniatus, the latter in 2 subspecies (M. laciniatus laciniatus and M. laciniatus atlantis). M. ortizi is described as a new species. M. laciniatus lives in mountains, while all other species occur in the plains. M. incrassatus is found all over the country, M. kupelwieseri only in the eastern part of Catalonia, M. laciniatus atlantis in Andalucia and M. ortizi in the central lands called Mesetas. All live in little mineralized waters and only M. incrassatus and M. laciniatus atlantis occur in clayey waters.     

Synopsis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mickelia</Emphasis>, a newly recognized genus of bolbitidoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae)

Our recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed a previously unrecognized clade of six species that is sister to Elaphoglossum. Within this clade, four species are currently classified in Bolbitis, one in Lomagramma, and one in Acrostichum. For this clade, we propose the name Mickelia, with M. nicotianifolia as the type species. We also make new combinations for the species in our phylogenetic study shown to belong to Mickelia (M. bernoullii, M. guianensis, M. hemiotis, M. nicotianifolia, M. oligarchica, and M. scandens) and two other species believed to belong to the clade based on morphology (M. lindigii, M. pergamentacea). A new hybrid and two new species are also described (M. ×atrans, M. furcata, and M. pradoi). In total, Mickelia consists of ten species and one hybrid. It is entirely neotropical. We provide a key to the genera of bolbitidoid ferns and a synopsis of Mickelia that gives for each species a complete synonymy, geographical distribution, comparative discussion, and illustration.     

Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

The southern African genus Macroderes Westwood is revised. Six new species, M. amplior n. sp., M. minutus n. sp., M. endroedyi n. sp., M. namakwanus n. sp., M. foveatus n. sp., and M. cornutus n. sp., are described.The neotype of M. bias (Olivier) is designated.Two new synonymies are established: M. pilula Sharp is a junior synonym of M. bias (Olivier), and M. westwoodi Preudhomme de Borre is a junior synonym of M. undulatus Preudhomme de Borre. A key to species and notes on biology and distribution are given.